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Transportation Oriented Development in the New York Metropolitan Region
Robert N. Lane, DirectorRegional Design Program
Regional Plan Associationwww.rpa.org
Transit Oriented Development in the NY Region:•Brownfield redevelopment•Retrofitting sprawl•Intensifying centers
Existing Trend Growth TOD Growth
What is the Share of Workers Who Reach Their New Jersey Jobs by Rail?
• To Jersey City - 21% (9 lines) – PATH, light rail line highly frequent service
• To Newark – 9% (6 lines) – PATH, Newark Subway, NEC, NJCL
• Trenton – 1% (2 lines) – NEC • To New Brunswick - 1% (1 line) - NEC• Elizabeth -1% (2 lines) - NEC• To Atlantic City - 1% (1 line) – once an hour
Change in Resident Labor Force by Decade Living Within and Beyond Walking Distance
of Commuter Rail Stations 20 NYR Counties
-200,000
-100,000
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
1970 to 1980 1980 to 1990 1990 to 2000
Within
Beyond
-6.0
-4.0
-2.0
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
1980/1970 1990/1980 2000/1990
Per
cen
t C
han
ge
-6.0
-4.0
-2.0
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
1980/1970 1990/1980 2000/1990
Within WalkingDistance
Beyond WalkingDistance
Percent Change in Workers Living Within and Beyond Walking Distance of Commuter Rail Stations in
New York Region: 1970 to 2000
-6.0
-4.0
-2.0
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
1980/1970 1990/1980 2000/1990
Somerville Landfill and Station Area Planning Study
Overview - Design
ownership environment access
Somerville Borough 58 aNJ Transit 38 aOther 19 aTotal 115 a
Wetlands 38 a (33%)
• The “Hub”• The “Heights”• The “Green Seam”
Overview – Design
Overview – Design
Mixed-use station area
New civic space
Two new neighborhoods
Green gateway
Downtown gateway
Station Area
HotelMovie Theatre
Overview – Design
Overview – Design
Overview – Design
Total Open Space 41 a (36%)
Trails
Open Space Framework
Overview – Design
The Rosslyn-Ballston Corridor
A deteriorating suburban corridor is saved
•Multiple actors•Public subsidy•Control over land use
Transportation
•Very high transit share•Good car access
Technical Lesson: The Architecture Does Matter
Implementation•Consistency•Public participation
Issues•Quality of urban design•Affordability
Technical Lesson: The Architecture Does Matter
Technical Lesson: Parking Can Be Managed Creatively
Technical Lesson: Parking Can Be Managed creatively
Technical Lesson: Density needs to be explained
Understanding density
Is Density “du per acre” or perception?
Use local precedents
Residential:
Single-family 5
du/acre $100,000 $(-1,800)/du
Two-family 7 100,000 (-5,700)
Townhouse 12 300,000 600
Stacked townhouse 22 700,000 1,700
Apartments (2-3 story) 30 800,000 3,100
Apartments (4+ story) 40 600,000 700
Age-restricted 40 600,000 900
Assisted living 24 200,000 800
Net TOD Net Value Typical
Use Density (per acre) Fiscal Impact
Revenue
Technical Lesson: Explain Housing
• Tax: $300,000
• Units: 105
• Density:
18 du/acre
• Cars/unit:
1.85
• Children/unit:
.05-.1
Franklin Square, MetucheonUnderstanding Housing
Technical Lesson: Explain Housing
Technical Lesson: Create A Flexible Framework for Development
Calibrate to local capabilities
Netcong, NJ
Process Lesson: Use a Diversity of Formats
Diversity of formats
town hall meetings, charrettes, and other convenings
Diversity of media
Interactive models
Process Lesson: Use a Diversity of Formats
Workshop #1: Steering Committee shared understandingexpectations managementvision statement
Workshop #2: Steering Committee plus Stakeholders
expectations managementconcept design alternatives
Workshop #3: Steering Committee plus Stakeholders
schematic design consensus
Workshop #4: Presentation to larger groupfinal designfinal analysis
Technical Studies• Land use analysis• Market reconnaisance• Transportation analysis
Visioning• What do you really want?• Principles• Issues and Opportunities
PlanGuidelines
Implementation StrategyConcerns
Process Lesson: Design an Iterative Process
Iterative Process: Test schemes and “straw men”
Netcong, NJ
Process Lesson: Design an Iterative Process
Process Lesson: Enable Multiple Levels of Stakeholder Involvement
Technical Lessons
Beyond parking and density - find the intersection of:
• Transit agency priorities
parking, development , ridership
• Community based goals and objectives
place-making, redevelopment
• Technical constraints
market, traffic/access, context, environment
Technical Lessons
• The architecture DOES matter• Parking can be managed creatively• Density needs to be explained• Housing needs to be explained• Create a flexible framework for redevelopment
Process Lessons
• Empower and engage stakeholders
• Use a diversity of formats and media
• Iterative process and planning
• Multiple levels of stakeholder involvement
