Transportation Funding Commissions II

7/28/2019 Transportation Funding Commissions II

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ani and lt it up to ot to obin

to option into a poliy appoa wit pi

nu ll T oiion b bli

bot appoa w alid and a ti pot

dibility and tayin pow.

coiion b aid ty aid o ipliityand adability in ti nal pot.

In addition to idntiyin nd and nu op-tion, oiion alo onnd tl wit

t potntial aiation o ination.

coiion b aid nal pot a otnjut t binnin o a po, lpin to a

t dbat. Otn, ty aid, t a ut b ad

to t publi and to poliyak lon at t

nal al a o down.

coiion b aid ty aid to build tipot o t lon t and o an xtndd l li.

coiion ound tat n wn a oiiona don it job, t nub a la, t pobl

i appant, t lon-t outlook appa blak,

t lok i tikin, and t poliy option a wll-

dnd, poliyak an did to kik t andown t oad on o ti bau o onoi

and budtay aliti, lutant ono o any

nub o ot ato.

Pinciples of Tnspottion Fnding

CoissionsWil a tat a uniqu tanpotation and

politial alln, t oiion xpd any

o t a pinipl wit wi to aluat nu

option. coiion b aid ty wantd

undin olution tat not only ad iniant nu

potntial, but alo w:

fai and quitabl; Iplntabl; Diid; eint in t ot o olltion; sutainabl o t lon t; Indxd to ination; rti o t u pay, u bnt pin-

iplTanpotation u nd to a dit

onntion btwn t ty pay and t

tanpotation ailiti ty u.

eay to undtand and akt to t publi andpoliyak;

suppoti o pin t xitin tanpotationyt;

suppoti o a ulti-odal tanpotation yt; suppoti o tanpotation pojt tat ait

wit onoi dlopnt and onoi owt;

mauabl and tanpant;

Tatin pi outo; and Ddiatd to tanpotation and not aily ditd

to ot budt pioiti.

Fnding & Finnce OptionsWil t oiion a wokin o t a

playbook in t undin option ty a to onid,

patiulaly wn it o to to ani tat

an podu iniant nu, t a o int-

tin din in ow ty iw dint option.

so o t ndin o t panl:

mot tat likly wont b abl to tap nal unddolla to upplnt tanpotation und in t

oin ya du to ot -inain budt-ay nd in aa lik alt a and duation.

Wil tollin and publi-piat patnipP3ay b an option o o tat and o

pojt, ot will a a o diult ti

puuin to option du to all population

(vont) and politial oppoition (sout caolina).

mot oniz tat publi-piat patnip

annot b t nti olution to undin nd and

tat ty dont pnt ony. so tat

(sout caolina) onizd a nd o id li-

lation wit ad to P3 oit. Ot n-

tiond tat dal ulation ain an obtal

to tollin on o oad. But t sout caolina

oiion alo onizd tat ot o ti20-ya nd inol t aintnan o xitin

oad o upad o loal oad, pojt tat will

likly not b uitabl o tollin.

stat a lookin to i loal onnt otool to add tanpotation nd, patiulaly

ot-nltd tanit yt.

sal tat xpd an intt in powinional tanpotation ditit to ly al tax

to lp t add ti pi nd.

ExECuTIvE Summary


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T oiion onizd tat ila -bad will o tan likly b t utu o tanpo-

tation undin. But wil ty tink a tanition to

u a yt i initabl (pap in l tan a

dad), ty dont tink tat tanition i ii-

nnt. Tnoloial, adinitati and piay on-

naon ot iuain to b old.

so bli to iu would b bt addd

at t dal ll. Inti tp to a ila-bad

yt, ow, ould b onidd in o

tat. Wionin oiion popod a ila-

bad itation bad on odot adin

a a low-t tp towad u a yt.

coiion a o attntion to u o altnati ul, lti and non-otoizd

il. Tou ty a not likly to podu

iniant nu anyti oon, ty ould lp

ll t playin ld by ttin own o to

il to pay ti ai a o upkp o t

nation oad.

sal tat uppotd al tax o a ix o al

and inad a tax, but oiion -b xpd aution about tpoay al tax

ina. Ty a, by dnition, not utainabl

and an put lon-t pojt in jopady i to

nu wont b aailabl in t out ya a a

pojt i opltd.

Otcoes of Coission

recoendtions in 2013 In a o t tat, lawak onidd

tanpotation undin lilation in t 2013 li-

lati ion.

vont aw pap t ot u wit law-

ak appoin ina in a and dil tax. so o to inold wit tat oiion and

at tat dpatnt o tanpotation now nd

tl ad wit llin ti onda-

tion to a la audin in antiipation o a pu

o lilation in 2014.

so oiion b xpd ti blitat topap olution, tpoay tax and nal

und tan an b ountpoduti in ty

do littl to add lon-t otall and otn

ind o iniant olution lat i politiian

an lai w did otin on tat lat ya.

so tat dpatnt o tanpotation udoiion ndin to iplnt po and

pojt dlopnt ipont, iny -

ot and ot an tat did not qui a ot

o t lilatu.

so oiion b aw it a an ao-plint tat ti nal pot ot t inoa-

tion out about wat t utu would look lik o

ti tat und dint nu naio and

tat ti nal pot an now b ud to lay t

oundation o an onoin dbat and lp to build

an ntual onnu.

How Sttes view the Fte of the Gs TT a tax i till n by o a at lat pat o

t ot-t olution to lp t tanpota-

tion nd. Tat dpit t ality tat aiin

a tax in any tat in nt ya a bn

diult.

so oiion bli it ay b poibl topolon t li o t a tax by indxin it to

ination, blndin in a al tax and by diiyin

tanpotation nu ou.

coiion oniz t a tax i not tlon-t olution du to inain ul iny,

popl diin l and ot ato.

Shoing up the Pblic Tst coiion b aid an ipotant pat o

akin t a o nw tanpotation nu

inol oin up publi tut in onnt

ani and in tanpotation diion akin.

coiion tout it wa ipotant tat nw

nu b ddiatd to tanpotation o tax-pay an a ait ti ony will b ud a

intndd and tat wat ty payin bl a

u .

sal tat ondd takin ation to po-tt tat tanpotation tut und o aid by

tat onnt to ll ot budt ol.

ExECuTIvE Summary


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minnesot Tnspottion

Finnce adiso CoitteeEstablishedinJanuary2012byGov.MarkDay-

ton,MinnesotasTransportationFundingAdvisoryCommitteewaschargedwithdevelopingrecommen-dationsforthenext20yearstofundandnancethestateshighways,roads,bridges,publictransportation,air,railandportfacilities. 1

CharlieZellewasamemberoftheadvisorycommitteeandlaterwasappointedbyDaytonascommissioneroftheMinnesotaDepartmentofTransportation.Hecamefromtheprivatesector,servingaspresidentandCEOofJeffersonLines,aTwinCities-basedbuscompany,beforetakingoverascommissioner.Itreallywasachargefromthegovernortotake

alookatthreescenarios,ZellerecalledinanApril2013telephoneinterview.One,whatwouldbetheoutlookunderourcurrentsourcesofrevenueoverthenext20years?Then,whatwouldbetheoutlookifwemaintainedthecurrentperformanceofourexistingsystemwhatwouldbetheunder-funding,

whatwouldbethegapunderallthemodes?Andthen,over20yearsifweweretobeaworldclasssystem,howmuchadditionalresourcesitwouldtakeforthat?2Zellesaidthethree-scenarioapproachprovideda

goodwaytoframethedebatebyfocusingcommitteemembersonwhatconstitutedaworld-classtrans-portationsystemandwherethefundingshortfallswereacrossthedifferenttransportationmodes.Theworld-classscenariowasnotintendedasapurelyaspirational,unattainablegoal,butasarealisticas-sessmentofwhatitwouldtakeforMinnesotatobecompetitivewithotherstatesandregions.

Ithinktherewastalkaboutifitspoliticallyfeasible,hesaid.Wedecidedthatsnotourjurisdic-tion,thatsnotourcharge.Ourchargeisnottojudgewhetherwethinkitsviablepolitically,butwhatisjustpurelythearithmeticofifwechooseascitizensandasgovernmenttobecompetitive,thisiswhatitwilltake.Daytonaskedthecommitteetoaddressitsrecom-

mendationsnottohim,buttothepeopleofMin-nesotaandallpolicymakersinthestate,Zellesaid.Andhetaskedthecommitteewithmarketingitsnalreportandusingitasthebaselineforamorerobustconversation.

Thecommitteedevelopedalistofprinciplesforthegenerationoftransportationfunds.Theyin-cluded: Fundingsolutionsmustbefairandequitable; Fundingsolutionsandrecommendationsmustbelongtermandsustainable;

Transportationrevenuesmustincreaseastheeconomygrows,whetherthroughindexingorothermeans;

Userfees,suchasthemotorfueltax,mustbeapartofthesolutionsopeopleknowwhatproductorservicetheyarepurchasing;

Fundingsolutionsmustembraceefciencyinthecostofcollections;

Revenuestreamsmustrecognizedifferentneedsofvariousgeographiesaswellasvariousmodesoftransportation;

Transportationfundingsourcesshouldbespecicinnatureandtargetspecicoutcomes;

Fundingandnanceoptionsareresponsivetochangesintechnology,demographicsandtheeconomy;and

Fundingsolutionsmustbemarketable. 3Zelleexplainedthelastprinciple:Wedidcon-

siderthatthereshouldbesomesimplicityintermsofknowingthatwhateverthefundingmechanism,weneedtoexplainthisanditneedstobeunder-stood.Ithinkthatanumberofexpertswhocameintogiveadvice(tothecommission)weresayingdonttrytogetcaughtupinverycomplicatedthings,whichdontreallyprovidethatmuchresourcesorthatmuchbenet.Butthatsnottosaythatprinciplewouldpreclude

asomewhatmorecomplexfundingsolutionliketheonepassedin2013inVirginia.IwouldsaythattheVirginiaideaofhavingasale

taxonmotorfuelsandloweringthe(pergallon)gastaxinmyviewthatsjustavariationonathemeandmanyofthosethemesarealreadydescribedinthisreport,hesaid.Theresnorecommendationnottodothat.(Thecommissionsreport)justkindofshowsabuffetofoptionswethinkwhichsolvethefundingbyspreadingoutandusinganumberofdif-ferentresources.Amongthecommitteesrecommendationsare

systemwiderevenueoptionsforroads,including: Increasingthemotorvehicleregistrationfeestoraiserevenueby10percent,whichwouldgener-ate$1.1billioninnewrevenueduringthenext

I think thee ws tlk bot if its politicll fesible,

We decided thts not o jisdiction, thts not o chge. Zelle


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20yearsfortheHighwayUsersTaxDistributionFund.

Increasingtheper-gallonexcisetaxrateonmotorfuelstogenerate$15.2billioninnewrevenuedur-ingthenext20yearsfortheHighwayUsersTaxDistributionFund.Thecommitteealsorecommendedthreetransit-

dedicatedsalestaxoptions,including: Adding$0.005totheexisting$0.0025salestaxfortransitintheve-countyTwinCitiesmetropolitanarea,whichisestimatedtogenerate$200millionannually.

Directing$32millionannuallytoGreaterMin-nesotaTransittoaddressstatutorilyrequiredservice.

Capturingtheremainingleasedvehiclesalestaxfromthestategeneralfundestimatedat$32millionannuallyfortransportation.Thecommitteeincludedlocalgovernmentrevenue

optionsaspartofitsrecommendations,including: Expandingtheoptionofthewheelagetaxfor80countiesintheGreaterMinnesotaarea,includingraisingthecaplimitfor87counties.Theexisting

wheelagetaxaddsa$5surchargetolicensetabpurchases.

EnablingthelocaloptionfortheformationofTransportationImprovementDistricts.

Enablinglocaloptionsalestaxesfortransporta-tionin80countieswithouttheneedofareferen-dum.

Expandingtheregionaltransitcapitallevyakatransittaxingdistrictintheentireseven-countyTwinCitiesmetropolitanareaandusingthefundsforcapitalandoperatingneeds. 4

Zelleexplainedthephilosophyofincludingtheselocalstrategiesinthereport.Ithinkthereisanoverallphilosophytoprovide

greaterexibilityandgivelocalauthoritiesoppor-tunitiestohelpsolvesomeoftheirissuesattheirlevel,hesaid.Wheelagetaxesandsomeotherself-imposedfeesaresometimesveryhelpful.Itsnot(stategovernment)passingthebuck.Itsmoretosay(localities)needtohaveothercreativesourcesoffundingthatgobeyondjustpropertytaxes.Countiesandtownshaveagreatburdenofincreasesinprop-ertytaxesoverthepastsix,seven,eightyearsandyettransportationisoneoftheitemsthattheyfeel(is)veryconstrained.(TheMinnesotaDepartmentofTransportation)certainlyservesasagreatpartner,butMnDOThasneverbeenthetotalsolutionfor

manycountyandlocalroads.

Finally,thecommitteeofferedaseriesofproject-levelrevenueoptions,including: ExpandingtheMnPASSelectronictollcollectionsystemanddedicatingrevenuetomulti-modalenhancementsonmanagedlanes.

Employingvaluecaptureconceptsaroundtransportationimprovements.Valuecapturemechanismstakeadvantageofincreasesinprop-ertyvaluesresultingfrompublicinvestmentsininfrastructure,transitandtransportationtofundfurtherinvestmentsorrepaytheinitialpublicinvestment.

Exploringthefollowingitemsmoreindepth:tollingoptionstargetedfornewcapacity,public-privatepartnershipopportunitiesforenhance-mentandnancialleveragingoftransportationprojects,andmonetizingtransportationassetstogeneraterevenue.

Continuingthestateroleinbondingforlocalroadsandbridges,transit,ports,passengerrail,freightrailandsaferoutestoschool.5Zelleisquicktonote,however,thattransportation

nancetoolsliketolling,P3s,assetmonetizationand

valuecapturearenotandcannotbethetotalsolutiontomeetingthestatestransportationneeds.Sometimespeoplethinkwithpublic-privatepart-

nershipsthatmoneywilljustfallfromtheheavens,hesaid.No,thatdoesntactuallyprovidetherev-enue.Obviously,tollingcombinedwithsomeotherthingscan.Butitisawaytodrivegreaterefciency.Clearlythemessagethereisthatthereisnoonesolu-tion.Theresreallyamixand(theyneed)tobeusedintheappropriateplaceattheappropriatetime.Ithinkthephilosophythereisnottoleaveanygoodtoolsoffthetable.WhenZelledescribeswhathastranspiredsincethe

committeeissueditsnalreportinNovember2012,

hiscommentssoundsomewhatmeasured.Itsaveryhelpfulframingdocumentandmore

andmorepeopleareawareofit,hesaid.Ithasbeenpresentedtothelegislature,boththeSenateandtheHouse.Itsbeentalkedabout.Chambersofcommercehaveseenit.Chambersofcommercehaveusedit.Ithinkrightnow(April2013)aswegetintothebeginningofthelastmonthofthelegislature,itscertainlybeenaguideforsomelegislatorstosaythisiswhatweshouldpropose.ButitwasGov.MarkDaytonsreluctancetoget

behindsomeofthecommitteesrecommendationsthatcontributedtopreventingthemfrombecominga

realityin2013.

Thee is n oell philosoph to poide gete eibilit nd gie locl

thoities oppotnities to help sole soe of thei isses t thei leel, Zelle


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Ithinkthegovernorhasembracedpartofitandactuallyusedittohelprecommendahalf-centsalestaxincreasewithinthe(TwinCities)metropolitanareatobuildoutthetransitsystem,Zellesaid.Hehadbeenreluctantinthislegislativesessiontoproposeanyfueltaxincreasesoranyreallylong-termsolutionsforhighwaysandbridgesbecausehedoesntfeelwevereallydoneenoughtoreallytakethe(committees)recommendationsandpaintabet-terpictureofwhatthiswillactuallymeanintermsofmaps,actuallistsofprojectsandtoreallykindofgetoutintothestatetokindoftalkaboutwhatdoesthismeanforeachcommunity.Zellesaidthatmeanshenowwearsanewhatthat

ofasalesman.Thegovernorhaschargedhimwithgatheringinputandtalkingabouttheresourceneedsaroundthestate.HestalkingaboutwhatMinnesotawouldlooklikeinthenext20yearswithoutthefundingandhowthatfundingcanmakeadifference.(Thecommittees)reportisagreatrststepbut

itsmoreofthearithmeticandweneedtobackitupwithabiggerpicturetohelpcitizensunderstandthat

morefeescanactuallybemeaningfullybenecialtotheirlives.Itsnotoftenthatwereaskedtokindofmakethecase.Alotofstateagenciesatleastthisonehaveneverreallybeeninanadvocacyrole.Weremoreanalysts,hesaid.Animportantpartofmakingthecase,Zelle

believes,isshoringuppublictrustintheagenciesofgovernmentandintransportationdecision-making.Ithinkitstrueforeveryagency,hesaid.Ithink

wecandomuchbetteratdevelopingthatpublictrusttohavealittlemoretransparencyandalittlemoreunderstandingaboutwheretaxpayerdollarsarebe-inginvestedandIthinkthatsdenitelypartofit.Zellewilltaketheremainderof2013tomakethe

casetothepublicandtoaskthelegislaturetotakeupamorespecicsetofrecommendationsduringits2014session.Ithinkthegovernortotallyunderstandsand

appreciatestheunderfundingandthelong-termimportance,butsometimesitshardtogeturgencytosolvewhatsreallyalong-termissue,hesaid.Weveactuallyinvestedquiteabitandmadegreatprogressoverthelastthreeorfouryears,andreally,thechal-lengenow,istokindofkeepgoing.

Ble ribbon Citizens Coittee on

missois Tnspottion NeedsTheBlueRibbonCitizensCommitteeonMis-

sourisTransportationNeedswasa22-memberpanelcreatedinMarch2012bythespeakeroftheMissourHouseofRepresentativestoexamineMissouriscurrentandfuturetransportationneedsandexplorepossiblesolutions.Itsgeographicallydiversemem-

bershipcamefrombothprivateandpublicsectorperspectives.6BillMcKenna,whoworkswithatransportation

stakeholderadvocacyorganizationcalledtheMis-souriTransportationAlliance,servedasco-chairoftheBlueRibbonCommittee.HeisapastchairoftheMissouriTransportationCommissionandaformerpresidentprotemoftheMissouristateSenate.Thecommitteeheldaseriesofsevenregional

meetingsthroughoutthestateattendedbyhundredsofMissourians.Committeemembersheardsomecommonthemes,McKennasaid.Numberone,everyplacewewent(whatwe

heard)was,Takecareofwhatyouhave,takecareof

theexistingsystem,dontletitgetanyworsethanitis,hesaidinanApril2013telephoneinterview. 7Stateofcialsrealizedthatsortofdeclinemightbe

possibleafterafewyearsinwhichthedepartmentoftransportationfounditselfushwithcash.In2004,Missouripassedaconstitutionalamend-

mentthatmovedhalfofthesalestaxesoncarsandtrucksfromgeneralrevenuetothestateDepartmentofTransportation.Theintentofthatwastojumpstartthingsthat

hadbeenonthedrawingboardforyearsandyearsandyearsclosingcorridorswhereyouhad10milesdonehereand20milesoverhereandnothingin

between,McKennasaid.Soforaboutfourorveyears,thecontractedprogramfromthedepartmentwasabout$1.3billionayear,whereitusedtobeonlyabout$600millionor$700million.TheAmericanRecoveryandReinvestmentAct

allowedthestatetoextendtheprogramanotheryear.Thestatehadalotofconstructionandwasabletomakealotofimprovementsininfrastructureandsafetymanythingsthatthestatewasunabletoac-complishduetolackofmoney.Andthepeoplesawhowwelltheroadsgotim-

provedandthatpeakedabout2010andthentheystart-edgoingdown,hesaid.Ineachyeartheygodownalittlebit.Werebacktothe$600millioninconstruction,

whichhardlytakescareofwhatwehave.Missouriansalsotoldthecommitteethestates

transportationneedsaremulti-modal.Whatweheardinallpartsofthestatewasthat

transportationismorethanroadsandbridges,McK-ennasaid.Itsalsoports.Missourisgottwohugeriv-ersrunningthroughittheMissouriandMississippi.TwoofthebiggestrailhubsinthecountryareKansaCityandSt.Louis.Andthenpublictransit;thestatespendszilchonpublictransitinMissouri.Andsotheothermodesoftransportationareimportantalloverthestateaswell.Publictransitismoreimportantinurbanareas.Maybeportsandotherthingsaremore


7/16

importantinruralareas.Buteverywherethatissuewasbroughtup.Amongtheotherconsistentthemesthecommittee

heard: Safetymustcontinuetobeapriorityfortranspor-tationinvestments.

Missouridoesnothavethenancialresourcestostrategicallyexpandthetransportationsystemandrespondtoemergingtransportationneeds,es-peciallythoserelatedtoeconomicopportunities.

Ahealthyandimprovedtransportationsystemiscriticaltothestatesfutureeconomicgrowth. 8Finally,McKennasaid,whatbecameclearfrom

theregionalmeetingsisthatthestatedepartmentoftransportationiswellregardedbythestatesresidents,somethingthatisntalwaysthecaseinotherstates.ImalsowithagroupcalledMissouriTransporta-

tionAlliancethatsbeendoingpollingandourpollstertoldusaftertherstpollthathehadtogobackandaskthequestionagainbecausehedidntbelievethatapublicagencywasgettingthepositive

numberstheyweregettingatMoDOT,hesaid.Hethoughttherewassomethingwrongwiththewaytheyaskedthequestionsoabouthalfwaythroughthepoll,theyredidthequestionbutitstillcameoutthesame.McKennasaidtransparencyandaninclusive

planningprocessareamongthekeystothedepart-mentssuccess.Theyreveryopenandtheyfoundthatthatworks

waybetterthantryingtodostuffbyforcingitdownanybodys(throat),hesaid.Whensomebodydoesntgetaproject,becauseoftheopennesstheyunderstandwhy,becausetherewereotheronesthatweremoreimportantwiththeamountofmoneythatisavailable.Sopeopleunderstandevenwhentheygetanoanswer

andIthinktheyrespectthat.Alsokeytothedepartmentssuccess,McKenna

said,istheright-sizingoftransportationprojectsinMissouri.Weusepracticaldesignandhavebeendoingthat

forabouteightyears,hesaid.InsteadofbuildingaCadillachighway,webuildaniceChevrolet.Itstillfunc-tionswellandweencouragecontractorsiftheyhaveanideatocomeforwardand,ifitdoesntimpactsafetyorquality,thenwellgoaheadandadoptit,andinsomecasessharethesavingswiththecontractorsoitmakesthembethinkingallthetimeaswell.McKennabelievesthepositiveviewMissourians

haveofthedepartmentoftransportationputstheShowMeStateaheadofthegamewhenithastoconvincevoterstosupportadditionaltransporta-tionrevenues.Itcertainlymakesiteasierbecauseifyourea

votingcitizenandsomebodysaskingyouformoney,youremoreapttosayyesifyoutrustthattheylldowhattheysaytheyregoingtodo,theylldeliverontimeandonbudgetandtheyhaveahistoryofthat,hesaid.MoDOThasaverygoodtrackrecordthesepasteightyears.ButMissourifacesahighhurdlethatsetsitapart

fromotherstateswhenitcomestoalteringthetaxlandscape.Votershavetoapprovetaxincreasesofmorethan$70million,McKennasaid.Thelegislatureshandsaretiedasfarastaxin-

creasesareconcerned,hesaid.Thatsonereasonthestatehasntapprovedagas

taxincreaseinmorethan20yearsandwhythestatewouldfacechallengesinpullingoffsomethingliketheplanapprovedinVirginiathisyearthatzeroedoutthestatesgastax,replacingitwithawholesale

taxandboostingstatesalestaxes.Thestatemightbeshootingitselfinthefootifit,forinstance,loweredonetaxandthenexpectedthevoterstoinstalladif-ferenttaxinitsplace.Whenyoustartloweringthings,youretaking

awaymoneythatyoualreadyhave,McKennasaid.Therecurringthemesheardbythecommittee

wereusedtoinformthepanelsrecommendations,whichincluded: Investinganadditional$600millionto$1billionintransportationeachyearinordertoaddresscriticaltransportationneeds.

Adoptingasolutionthatisfair,accountable,inclusiveandtransparent.

Dedicatinganynewrevenuetotransportation.Taxpayersshouldfeelcondentthattheresourcesarespentpreciselyasintendedandnotdivertedtootherareas,thepanelconcluded. 9ThecommitteesnalreportalsonotedthatMoDOT

cannotcutitswaytomeetingitsneedsandrecognizedthedepartmentseffortstosavemoneyandndef-ciencies,whichincludedtheeliminationofmorethan1,200jobs.Finally,thecommitteesaidmeetingthestatestrans-

portationneedslikelywillrequireacombinationofsolutions.Thecommitteecannotrecommendanyonesolu-

Eebod ndestnds the gs t is not the w to fte fndtnspottion, mcKenn


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Soth Colin Tnspottion

Infstcte Tsk FoceCreatedinAugust2011bytheSouthCarolinaDe-

partmentofTransportationCommission,theTrans-portationInfrastructureTaskForcewasa16-memberpaneloftransportationprofessionalsandprivatecitizensthatissueditsnalreportinDecember2012.Thegroupwaschargedwithlookingforwaysto

enhancerevenuesthroughbothimprovedefcienciesandincreasedfunding.12CraigForrestchairedthetaskforce.Hesanat-

largememberoftheSCDOTCommission,a27-yearveteranoftheMarylandDepartmentofTransporta-tionandaformerdirectoroftransportationplanninginBaltimore.Whilehewouldhesitatetosaythetaskforcefacedlimitationsonwhatitcouldconsider,theywereacutelyawareofsomepoliticalrealitiesthatinuencedtheirnalrecommendations.Certainlytherewerevery,verystronghints

mainlyfromthelegislature(saying)dontcometouswithareportthatsaysraisethegasolinetax20centsandithasntbeenraisedsince1987,hesaid.Itsstill

thefourthlowestinthenation.Iguesstherewasageneralconsensusamongthelegislatureandthegovernorthatwenotmakespecicrecommendationsasfarasamountsareconcerned.Thatsnotthewaywestartedout.Whilethetaskforceleanedtowardspecicrecom-

mendationsregardingmoremoneyfromthegastax,italsorealizedthat,becauseofthecautionsfromthegovernorandlegislature,thatraisingthegastaxalonewouldntbeenough.Wecantraisethegastaxhighenoughtoaddress

theneeds(that)weidentiedas$29billionoverthenext20years,hesaid. 13

Thetaskforcealsorecognizedthegastaxwasfallingoutoffavoraroundthecountry,forvariousreasonsitsusuallynottiedtoination,carsareget-tingbettergasmileage,peoplearedrivingless.Soweknewthatthegastaxwasntgoingtobe

ourfriend,sotospeak,andwealsoaftertalkingtoalotofpeoplerealizedthatpushingthegastaxtendstoallowthelegislatureespeciallytosortofhaveacop-outthathey,weregoingtoraiseitbutthatsallweregoingtodo,Forrestsaid.Hesaidthetaskforcespenttherstsixmonthsof

its14-monthexistencereceivingpresentationsonthetransportationneedsthestatefaces.Abouthalfwaythroughthatsix-monthtimeframe,

wecametotheconclusionthatifwewantedtohavethisthingbecrediblethatwehadtomakeitrstofallverysimple,veryreadableandthereshouldbethreethingsthatneededtostandout,hesaid.Thatwastheidenticationoftheneeds,themenuofop-portunitiestoraiseadditionalfundingforthedepart-mentandtheramicationsifwedontdoanything.Whenthereportcameoutinitsdraftform,I

wasalittledisappointedinthelengthofit,butthemoreIreadit,thebetterIlikeditinthesensethatitsreadable,itsunderstandable,itstucktowhatourpremisewasandalsoitconnectedthedots.Ifyoucouldntunderstandthisevenifyouwerealayperson

asitrelatedtotransportation,somethingwaswrong.Ithinkithadalltheingredientsforonetomakealogicalconclusionastowhatshouldhappenandwhattheneedsofthedepartmentare.Thecommitteesreportrecommendedalistof18

potentialrevenueenhancements: Increasingthe16.75centpergallonuserfeeonmotorfuel;

Indexingandremovingthesalestaxexemption

onmotorfuels; Increasingdriverslicensefees; Increasingautomobileregistrationfees; Increasingtruckregistrationfees; Increasingordedicatingmoreoftheelectricpowertaxtotransportation;

Increasingtolling; Reningthestateslawgoverningpublic-privatepartnerships;

Increasingtheuserfeeonvehiclepurchases; Supplementingthehighwayprogramwithgeneralfunddollars;

Establishingasafetysurchargeoneachinsuredvehicle;

Establishingafeeforencroachmentpermits,whichallowfortheplacementofaprivatelyownedstructureinthepublicright-of-way;

Establishinguserfeesforownersofalternative-fuelvehicles;

(Eventually)establishingvehiclemilestraveledfees;

Dedicatingseverancetaxesonfossilfuelsex-tractedfromtheearthtohighwayfunding;

Establishingastatefeeonrentalcars; Establishinguserfeesforelectricandnonmotor-izedvehicles;and

Creatingincentivesforlocalgovernmentstoas-

sumeownershipofsecondaryroads,particularlythosethatservelittleornostatewideornationalpurpose.14Ofthoserecommendations,thecommitteerecog-

nizedoneofthemostcontroversialwouldbeincreas-ingthenumberoftollroadsinthestate.Wewereverycognizantofwhatshappening

inVirginiaandNorthCarolinaasfarastollingisconcerned,especially(on)theI-95corridor,Forrestsaid.TheCarolinasandespeciallySouthCaro-linaareveryreluctanttoembracethetollingofroads.SouthCarolinahastwotollroads,apublic-private

partnershipthatwentbankruptandoneonHilton

HeadIsland.Weknewitwasgoingtobeasensitiveissueinthe

legislatureandwhatwetriedtodoismakesurethat

We wee e cogniznt of whts

hppening in vigini nd Noth Colin

s f s tolling is concened, especill

(on) the I-95 coido, Foest


10/1610

theyunderstoodthattollfacilitiesortollingdoesnotdoanythingasfarasmaintenanceorllinginpot-holes(onexistingroads),hesaid.Weweretalkingaboutlargemillionandbilliondollarprojects,suchasourI-73fromtheNorthCarolinalinedowntoMyrtleBeachandsoon.Inadditiontofundingandnancingmechanisms,

thetaskforcealsolookedcarefullyattheissueofthestatestransportationtrustfundandwhetheritcouldberaidedtollotherbudgetholes.Wehaveatrustfundsotospeakbutitsvery,

veryloose,Forrestsaid.Theonlythingthatreallygoesinthereforallpracticalpurposesisthegastaxofabout$400millionayearand$600million-plusoffederalaid.Wethoughtlongandhardabouttheissueofatruetransportationtrustfundaftertalkingtovariousstates.Forrestbelievesalessuidtrustfundcanbean

importantpartofconvincingthepublicthattheirtransportationdollarsarebeingusedasintendedandthattheycantruststatetransportationofcialswithadditionalrevenues.

ThequestionofadditionalfundingcomeswithsomestringsattachedtoitandIdothinkthatoneofthethingsthatwehearconstantlyiswhatdoyoudowithyourmoney,especiallyfromthegeneralpublic,hesaid.OneofthethingsthatIvebeentry-ingtostresswiththedepartmentandthesecretary,evenbeforethisreport,wasthattheonlywaythatwegaintrustisifwedeliverwhatwesaidweweregoingtodeliver.Soifwegetanadditional$1billionayear,those

projectsthatareowinginrevenueenhancementprojects,sotospeakbetterhaveablinkingredstarsopeoplecantrackthemveryeasily.Becausethenexttimeandweknowtheresgoingtobe

anexttimethree,ve,seven,10yearsdowntheroad(when)weregoingtoneedadditionalfundingandoneofthethingsthatyouregoingtobeaskedisWhatdidyoudowiththefundingthatwegaveyouhopefullybackin2013or2014or2015orwhatever.Andtomethattrustonlyoccursifyoudeliverwhatyousaidyouweregoingtodeliver.Forrestsaidthetaskforcehadrealisticexpecta-

tionsabouthowitsrecommendationswouldbereceivedinthe2013legislativesessionandwrotethenalreportwiththelongterminmind.Wethoughtthattruthfully(thetransportation

issue)probablywouldnotbeaddressedinthis

(legislative)session,hesaid.(But)Ivebeenon

the(SCDOT)Commissionalittleoverthreeyearsnow(and)thisisthersttimethattransportation,includingfunding,hasgottensometraction.Peoplearestartingtotalkaboutitandwebelievethatthisreportallowsthemtotakealookataveryreadablereportandsomethingagainthatconnectedthedotsthaallowsthemtotakesomeactionsthissessionandusethereportfor(future)sessions.Still,Forresthasbeenpleasantlysurprisedbythe

reactiontothecommitteesrecommendations.OnesurprisewasthefavorablereceptionbytheHouseandSenatestaff.Ibelievethatthatwasasurpriseinthesensethat

therewasnogrumblingandIthinkbecausetheyhadthecasebeforethemanditwasvery,verydifculttoshootholesinit,hesaid.Ithinkwhathashappenednow,becauseofthewaythereportisconstituted,istheydonthaveanycover.Thereportlaysoutthestatestransportationneed

andthetaskforceisavailabletoansweranyques-tions.Itoffersalistof18opportunitiestoraisead-ditionalmoney,Forrestsaid,andpointsoutwhatcould

happenifthestatedoesntact.TheSouthCarolinalegislatureconsideredanumber

oftransportationfundingproposalsinthe2013session.Legislatorsultimatelyapprovedabillthatcouldraisemorethan$800millionforroadsandbridges,drawingtheadditionalfundingfromamixofrevenuefromabudgetsurplus,whichwillgotofundbridgerepairs,re-allocatedmotorvehiclesalestaxes,whichwillgotowardrepairingsecondaryroads,andborrowing. 15

Forrestworriesabouttemporaryfundingsolu-tionsfromsourceslikebudgetsurpluses.Ifrevenuesarethereoneyearandgonethenext,thestatedepartmentoftransportationwouldfacesignicantchallengesinitssix-yearplanningprocess.

Whathappenswhenthat$100milliongoesawayinthethirdyearofyourprogramandyoustillhaveaprojectthatsgotthreemoreyearstogoandyouredependingonthatfunding?hesaid.Forrestalsoworriesthatastopgaportemporary

fundingmeasurein2013mightactuallyprovecounter-productivesinceitdoesntfullyaddressthelarger$1.4billionshortfallthestatefaceseveryyear.Imalittleconcernedthatwhen2014rollsaround

ifyousayHey,you(only)addressedaquarterofourneeds,(thelegislatureis)goingtosayWell,hey,wegaveyouahundredortwohundredmilliondollarsad-ditionallylastyear.(But)itsmainlygeneralfundsand

thathasstrings(attached)andalsoitsnotconsistent,

We cnt ise the gs t high enogh to ddess the needs (tht) we

identied s $29 billion oe the net 20 es, Foest


11/16


12/1612

Economicefciencyandimpactconsiderations,includingtheextenttowhichthemechanismprovidesincentivesforefcientuseofthesystembyinuencingtravelchoicesandbehavior.

Equityconsiderations,includingacrossincomegroupsandgeographies.Gastaxes,thecommitteesaid,continuetomeasure

upwellagainstthosecriteria.Amajorbenetofgasolinetaxesisthataslight

rateincreasecouldgenerateasignicantamountofrevenue,andfeesarerelativelyinexpensivetoadministerinrelationtoyield,thecommitteesreportreads.Thecollectionmechanismisalready

inplaceasthetaxiscurrentlycollected.However,itwillrequireperiodicadjustmentsthroughlegislativeactiontokeeppacewithinationandtooffsetdeclininggasolineconsumptionasvehiclesbecomemoreefcient.19Searlesandcommitteemembersbelievethegas

taxalsocanprovideabridgetothefuture.Oneofthethingsthatcameoutof(thebackand

forthcommitteedeliberations)thatisimportantrightnowandimportantforthefuturewasthewholeideathatthevolatilityofthegastaxcanbedealtwithatleastinpartbyablendofpergallonandsalestax,Searlessaid.

AplanconsideredbythelegislatureinAprilwoulhaveaddeda4percentsalestaxandreducedthepergallongastaxby7.5centstocreatea50-50balanceinthegastax.Thiscameoutofcommitteediscussionsand,also,

welearnedthatotherstateswerecomingtothesameconclusion,hesaid.Werehopefulthatthiswillextendthelifeofthegastaxasaviablepartoftherevenuestream.

Whatultimatelytranspiredduringthe2013legisla-tivesession,though,wasacompromisebrokeredbyGov.PeterShumlinthatraisesthedieseltaxby3centspergallonovertwoyearsandraisesthegastaxby6.5centspergallon.Thecompromisejettisonedameasuretochainthegastaxtoinationrates,whichwouldhavetranslatedintoautomaticincreasesofaquarterofacentpergallonannually.Theapprovedlegislationsetsupaprocesswherebygastaxratescanbereviewedonceeverythreeyears.20Thegastaxincreasewillhelpthestateraise$36.5

millionintransportationrevenuestoavoidlosingouon$56millioninfederaltransportationfunds.Butextendingthelifeofthegastaxandaddressinglong-termfundingneedswillhavetowait.Beyondthreetoveyears,giventhedeclining

consumptionofgasolineinthestate,wevegottonsomeotheranswer,Searlessaid.AndImnotex-actlysurewhatthatwillbebut(mileage-baseduserfees)certainlyreceivedalotofattentioninconversationsincommittees.Inaddressingsuchfees,alsoknownasvehicle

milestraveledorVMTfees,thecommitteefoundthatsuchaVMTfeesystemwouldbebothmoresustainableandmoreequitablesinceitwouldnotbeinuencedbyincreasingvehiclefuelefciencyortheuseofalternativeenergysources.

Butthecommitteealsonotedthat,ImplementingaVMTfeesystemwillbetechnologically,adminis-trativelyandpoliticallycomplex.VMTuserfeesarefarfromacceptedorwellunderstoodbythegeneralpublic,legislatorsandtransportationprofessionals.21

Still,Searlespredictsmileagefeesarelikelyonthehorizoninthenottoodistantfuture.WhenIrstenteredintothisdiscussionwith

peoplewhoknowalotmoreaboutthisthanIdo,theyweretalking10or15years,hesaid.Andinaboutayearstime,thatsnowbeingdiscussedintermsofsevento10years.Sogiventhefactthatthetechnologysalreadyoutthere,itcouldbelesstimethanmanyofusthink.Ithinkthebigchallengesare

theacceptabilityofthistothepublic,particularlyintermsofprivacyandtheavailabilityandcostofthetechnologyandsoon.Butyeah,Ithinkthatswherewereheadedanditprobablyisoutsideofveyearsbutsomethinglessthan10.SearlessaidVermontandotherstatescouldpursue

interimstepssuchasavoluntaryannualodometercheckontheirwaytoafull-edgedmileage-basedtransportationsystem.Becauseofthegastaxdiscus-sion,manypeoplearesayingelectricvehiclesarentpayingtheirfairshare.Now,therearentenoughelectricvehiclesyetto

makeitasignicantnancialcomponentofwhat

I think the big chllenges e the

cceptbilit of (ilege-bsed se fees)

to the pblic, pticll in tes of

pic nd the ilbilit nd cost of the

technolog nd so on. Bt eh, I think

thts whee wee heded, Seles


13/16


14/1614

Eliminatethesalestaxexemptiononthetrade-invalueofavehicle. 24Gottliebsaidtherecommendationsreectedsome

principlesthatbecametouchstonesforthepanel.Theydecidedfairlyearlyonthattheywantedas

muchaspossibletomaintainauserfee-fundedtrans-portationsystem,hesaid.Andthealternativestheytalkedaboutwerereallyuserfee-orientedalterna-tivesprimarily.

Membersalsowantedrecommendationsthatwereimplementableandlaidoutneedsandcoststoachievecertainobjectives.Thatamountedtoabout$6.8billioninnewrevenueover10years;roughly$2billionofthatwouldmakeupforshortfallsandabout$4.8billionwouldhavebeennewspendingfortheidentiedneedsnotcurrentlysupported.Muchofthatnewrevenuewouldcomefromthe

proposed5-centgastaxincrease.Butitwasthecommissionsrecommendationofamileage-basedregistrationfeethatGottliebfoundmostinterestingandthat,hebelieves,couldpavethewaytoamoresustainablefuture.Thepanelwasinterestedinamileage-baseduserfee,butsawchallengesofimple-mentingitatthestatelevel.Theimplementationcostsarefairlyhigh,there

aretechnologicalissuesasIthinksomeotherstatesarestartingtoseenow,andthenthewholeprivacyissue,hesaid.TheythoughtifwegetintosomesortofwhattheycametorefertoasahightechVMTmodel,wemightselectthewrongtechnologyandwhenanationalsystemdevelops,wellhavetohaveado-over.Buttheywereverysupportiveofmileage-based

feesbecausetheyareuser-basedandtheyarepropor-tionaltoeachsystemuse.Sotheyaskedthedepartment(oftransportation)totakealookatwhatwecouldpro-

poseorshowthemwhatcametobecalledthelow-techVMTapproach.Welaidoutforthemwhatwerefertoasmileage-basedregistrationfee.Gottliebsaidthecommissionultimatelyproposed

addingtotheexistingat-rate$75annualregistrationfeeanadditionalfeebasedon1.02centspermileforeverymiledrivenstartingat3,000milesandendingat20,000miles.Sowewouldchargeamileageregistrationfee

foramaximumof17,000milesperyear,hesaid.

The3,000mileexemptionatthebeginningwastwothingstocompensateforpeoplethatjustdontdrivealotandthinkingthattheir$75feeshouldcoverthemandthenalsoallowingfortheissuethattheresdrivingoutofstateandyouwanttocompen-sateforsomeofthedrivingthatpeopledooutsideofWisconsin.Themileage-basedregistrationfee,onaverage,

workedouttoa73percentincreaseintotalregis-

trationfees,sothecommissionrecommendeda73percentincreaseforcommercialvehicleregistrationfeesaswell.Inadditiontothestaterevenueoptions,thepanels

nalreportalsoissuedaseriesofndingswithregardtopolicyissuesgoverningtransportationfundingandnanceinthestate.Thepanelexpressedsupportforlegislationthatwouldallowregionaltransportationauthoritiesandcountiesunderacertainsizetoraisefundsthroughaonehalf-centmaximumsalestax.Wehaveasituationwherenotonlyatthestate

level,butatthelocallevelaswell,wehaveaverynarrowfundingbasefortransportationandIthinkthecommissionrecognizedthattherewereneedsonthelocalsystemandIthinktheseprimarilyrelatedtotransitbecausewedonthave(regionaltransitauthority)legislationinthestate,Gottliebsaid.Afterhearingfrommanytransitadvocates,the

commissionrecommendedgivinglocalgovernments,eithersinglyorascooperativegroups,theabilitytoputtogetherregionaltransportationauthorities,whichwouldgivelocalgovernmentstheabilitytolevyasalestaxwithincertainlimitsandtosupporttransit.Inruralareaswithouttransitservice,Got-tliebsaid,transportationauthoritiescouldusesomeofthattaxingauthorityfornontransittransportationimprovements.

Theresalotofconcernthattransitsystemsjustdonthavetherevenueoptionsthattheyneedtobesustainable,hesaid.Thecommissionalsoexpressedsupportfor:

Cappingdebtservicepaymentsfortransportationprojectsatamanageablelevelascomparedtoannualtransportationrevenues;

Indexinggastaxesandvehicleregistrationfeestoprovideinationaryadjustmentsovertime;and

EncouragingCongresstosupportfederallegisla-

I think thees bod nge of thinking tht if oe going to sk people to

p highe se fees, whethe its gs t, egisttion fee o

whtee, people wnt to he soe leel of cofot tht

tht tl is se fee fo tnspottion, Gottlieb.


15/16

tionthatgivesstatesmoreexibilitytotollontheNationalHighwaySystem.CurrentfederalregulationsontollingcreateanobstacletoitsimplementationinWisconsin,theyfound. 25Finally,thecommissionexpressedsupportfora

proposedstateconstitutionalamendmenttoprotecttheintegrityofWisconsinsTransportationFund,somethingthathasbecomeanissueintheBadgerStatemuchasithaselsewhere.Itsbeenabigissuebecauseofover$1billion

intransfersthatweremadeinseveraloftherecentbudgets,saidGottlieb.Ithinktheresabroadrangeofthinkingthatifyouregoingtoaskpeopletopayhigheruserfees,whetheritsagastax,registrationfeeorwhatever,peoplewanttohavesomelevelofcomfortthatthattrulyisauserfeefortransportation.Thisissuewasareallybigpoliticalissueinthestateforawhile.Therewereaseriesofadvisoryreferendathatwereputontheballot.Thereferendumpassedinall50ofthestates72

countieswhereitwasconsidered.Thelegislaturegavenalapprovaltotheamendment,soifvotersapproveitinNovember2014,itwillbecomepartofthestateconstitution.Thecommissionsotherrecommendations,

however,havenotfaredaswellintheWisconsinlegislatures2013session.Gov.ScottWalkerdidnotincludethepanelsrevenuerecommendationsinhisproposed2013-15budget.Gottliebsaidtherewereacoupleofreasonsbehindthatdecision.Oneisthecommissionreportwasjustsofresh

atthatpointandtherewascertainlynoconsensusthatsdevelopedabouthowbesttoraiserevenuesfortransportation,hesaid.Also,thegovernorwas

notinclinedtoreallyraisetaxesatallinthisbudgetbecauseoftheeconomicrecoverythatweretryingtogettotakeholdandsoforth.Butthatdoesntmeanthepanelsworkwasallfor

naught,Gottliebcontends.Thecommissiondidalottoshowatthelevelsof

investmentthatwereatrightnowwhatsgoingtohappentopavementconditiononourstatesystem,whatsgoingtohappentocongestion,whatsgoingtohappentotransitsystems,whatsgoingtohappentodifferentmodalactivitiesandthatinformationisouttherenow,hesaid.AndIthinkthereisconsensusdeveloping.Iseeitintalkingtolegislators.Ithink

thereisalotofrespectfortheworkthecommission

did.AndIthinkthatthecommissiondocumentreallydoeslayafoundationforadebateordiscussionthat,Ithink,justabouteverybodyinthestateagreesthatwehavetohaveabouthowgoingforwardarewegoingtocreateasustainablenancingstructurefortransportation.SoIthinkthecommissionsworkinthatrespectwasextremelyvaluable.Ithinkitsgoingtoinformthisdebateforyears.Moreover,Gottliebsaid,nooneonthecommission

everthoughtthejobwouldbedonewiththe2013legislativesession.Itwasnotaone-and-done,hesaid.Ithinkthe

reporthasalotofshelflife.Ithinkitwillbethefoun-dationaldocumentfordebatingtheinvestmentsthatwehavetomakeintransportationfortheforesee-ablefuture.AndGottliebthinksthespecicityoftherecom-

mendationsandthecarewithwhichtheywereas-sembledbothaddtothereportsvalue.Theinterestingthingwasnottherevenuetools

(themselves)butthewaythecommissioncombinedtheminathoughtfulwaytomeetavarietyofdif-ferentpolicyobjectives,hesaid.Theobjectivetoraisetherevenueraisethe$6.8billionthatspartofit,buttheotherpartofitishowdoyouraiseit,whopaysit,whydodifferentgroupsanddifferentuserspaydifferentamounts.And,Ithinkthattheythoughtfullyputtogetheravarietyofrecommendationstomakesurethat,really,theywerecreatingsomethingthatwasefcienttoadminister,equitableandalso(that)metourneeds.Gottliebisquicktocreditthelegislaturewithhaving

theforesighttocreatethecommissionintherstplace.(It)wasnotsomethingthatwasrequestedby

thedepartmentoftransportation.Itwasnteveninthegovernors(proposed)budgetin2011.Itwassomethingthatarosefromthelegislature,hesaid.Politiciansarentalwaysknownforthinkingaboutlong-termproblemsandlong-termsolutions.SoIthinkitsacredittoourpolicymakersthattheyreal-izedbackthenthatwehaveanissueherethatreallyneedstobethoughtthroughbecauseweregoingtohavetosolvethisproblem.Finally,Gottliebnotedthecommissionsnalre-

porthasalreadybornefruitinhowthestatedepart-mentoftransportationdoesbusiness.ThetaglineofthereportwasSmartInvest-

ments,MeasurableResultsandabigpartofwhat

The coission did lot to show t the leels of inestent tht wee

t ight now whts going to hppen to peent condition on o stte

sste, whts going to hppen to congestion, whts going to hppen totnsit sstes, whts going to hppen to dieent odl ctiities nd tht

infotion is ot thee now, Gottlieb.


16/16

thecommissionwantedtodowastomakesurethat(since)wewereaskingpeopletomakethesead-ditionalinvestments,thattherewerestrongmetricstomeasurethatthisisgoingtoprovideenhancedmobilityandqualityoflifeandeconomicgrowthforourstate,hesaid.Wehaveaperformanceimprove-mentprogramatthedepartmentthatsbasedaroundthevecoregoalsofouragencymobility,account-ability,preservation,safetyandservice.Wehadthe

commissionlookingathowwedobusinessinterms

ofourmaintenancemodelsandoutsourcingandtraf-coperationsandsafetyandthingslikethat.Itgaveusagoodopportunitytotalkthroughsomeofthosethingsastohowweredoingbusiness.Andthereweresomeprocesschangesthatwethinkaregoingtobevaluableforusgoingforwardthatweretalkedaboutandrecommended.

Sean Slone, CSG Program Manager f or Transportation Policy | [email protected]

References

1Minnesota Transportation Finance Advisory Committee. Summary Report and Recommendations.No-

vember 30, 2012. Accessed from: http://www.dot.state.mn.us/tfac/docs/TFACSummaryReportNov30.pdf2Telephone interview with Charles Zelle. April 16, 20133Minnesota Transportation Finance Advisory Committee.4Ibid.5Ibid.6Blue Ribbon Citizens Committee on Missouris Transportation Needs. Final Report. December 2012.

Accessed from: http://www.house.mo.gov/billtracking/info/BRC_Report.pdf7Telephone interview with Bill McKenna. April 11, 2013.

8Blue Ribbon Citizens Committee.9Ibid.10Ibid.11Ashley Reynolds. Proposed sales tax for transportation projects dies in the Missouri Senate.KY 3 News.

May 17, 2013. Accessed from: http://articles.ky3.com/2013-05-17/transportation-projects_3934320812South Carolina Department of Transportation Commission. Transportation Infrastructure Task Force Final

Report.December 6, 2012. Accessed from: http://www.scdot.org/inside/pdfs/TITF_Final_Report.pdf13Telephone interview with Craig Forrest. April 8, 2013.14SCDOT Commission.

15Tim Smith. Haley signs $700 million transportation bill.The Greenville News. June 24, 2013. Accessed

from: http://www.greenvilleonline.com/article/20130624/NEWS/306240038/?nclick_check=116Section 40 Committee on (Vermont) Transportation Funding. Final Report: Vermont Transportation

Funding Options.January 8, 2013. Accessed from: http://www.aot.state.vt.us/Documents/Sec%2040%2

Funding%20Study%20-%20Final%20Legislative%20Report%20Jan%208%202013.pdf17Telephone interview with Brian Searles. April 8, 2013.18Section 40 Committee.19Ibid.20Nat Rudarakanchana. Shumlin-brokered compromise transportation package breezes by House and

Senate in same day.The Vermont Digger. April 24, 2013. Accessed from:http://vtdigger.org/2013/04/24/shumlin-brokered-compromise-transportation-package-breezes-by-house-and-senate-in-same-day/21Section 40 Committee.22Wisconsin Transportation Finance and Policy Commission. Keep Wisconsin Moving: Smart Investments,

Measurable Results.January 2013. Accessed from:

http://www.dot.wisconsin.gov/about/tfp/docs/keep-wi-moving-report.pdf23Interview with Mark Gottlieb. April 9, 2013.24Wisconsin Transportation Finance and Policy Commission.25Ibid.
mailto:sslone%40csg.org?subject=http://www.aot.state.vt.us/Documents/Sec%2040%20Funding%20Study%20-%20Final%20Legislative%20Report%20Jan%208%202013.pdfhttp://www.aot.state.vt.us/Documents/Sec%2040%20Funding%20Study%20-%20Final%20Legislative%20Report%20Jan%208%202013.pdfhttp://www.aot.state.vt.us/Documents/Sec%2040%20Funding%20Study%20-%20Final%20Legislative%20Report%20Jan%208%202013.pdfhttp://www.aot.state.vt.us/Documents/Sec%2040%20Funding%20Study%20-%20Final%20Legislative%20Report%20Jan%208%202013.pdfhttp://vtdigger.org/2013/04/24/shumlin-brokered-compromise-transportation-package-breezes-by-house-and-senate-in-same-day/http://vtdigger.org/2013/04/24/shumlin-brokered-compromise-transportation-package-breezes-by-house-and-senate-in-same-day/http://vtdigger.org/2013/04/24/shumlin-brokered-compromise-transportation-package-breezes-by-house-and-senate-in-same-day/http://vtdigger.org/2013/04/24/shumlin-brokered-compromise-transportation-package-breezes-by-house-and-senate-in-same-day/http://vtdigger.org/2013/04/24/shumlin-brokered-compromise-transportation-package-breezes-by-house-and-senate-in-same-day/http://www.aot.state.vt.us/Documents/Sec%2040%20Funding%20Study%20-%20Final%20Legislative%20Report%20Jan%208%202013.pdfhttp://www.aot.state.vt.us/Documents/Sec%2040%20Funding%20Study%20-%20Final%20Legislative%20Report%20Jan%208%202013.pdfmailto:sslone%40csg.org?subject=