Transportation

ESP seminar -

fall 2007IPCC 4th report

Group 3 chapter 5

Anaïs Orsi

A few facts to begin with

Mobility is key to development Transportation demand is increasing

Transportation demand is increasing

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A few facts to begin with

Mobility is key to development Transportation demand is increasing There is no shortage of fuel

Outline

Public transport and density: How can we make it worth it not to use one’s

car? Taxes: what for?

Commuting: what are the options?

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Commuting in the USA

A bus based strategy will not necessarily reduce GHG in the US.

Density of San Diego city: 3,871.5/sq mi

Singapore: 16,392 /sq mi

Commuting options: rail or BRT Elevated or

underground rail costs $50-200 million/km

BRT: bus rapid transit - $1-15 million/km

Commuting options: walk/cycle Cycle distances < 7.5km Walk distances < 2.5km 50% of trip made in car in

Europe are less than 5km (ch5, p38)

Very sensitive to the local environment.

Commuting options: conclusions

Transportation solutions are unique to each city

Transportation is multi-modal

To tax or not to tax…working on incentives Influence the purchase of a clean vehicle Gasoline tax: efficiency depends on the

elasticity of prices. Doesn’t work in the US. Swiss: oil providers pay 5cents/gallon to a

climate mitigation fund ($80 million annually). Would generate $9 billion/year if implemented in the USA. (p66.)

Singapore: licensing policy

Potential tax benefits

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Discussion points:

Why don’t people live near where they work?

What’s to be taxed in the US?