Upload
jewel-brooks
View
221
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Transport of an Interacting Bose Gas in 1D Disordered Lattices
Chiara D’Errico
CNR-INO, LENS and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Firenze
15° International Conference on Transport in Interacting Disordered Systems,
Sant Feliu , September 2013
Biological systems
There is a growing interest in determining exactly how disorder affects the properties of quantum systems.
Superfluids in porous
media
Superconducting thin films
Light propagation in random media
Graphene
Disorder in quantum systems
Anderson localization
• Non-interacting particles hopping in a the lattice• With random on-site energy• A critical value of disorder is able to localize the particle wavefunction• The eigenstates are spatially localized with exponentially decreasing tails.
Disorder and quantum gases
Hannover
Florence
Paris
Urbana
Rice U.
L. Sanchez-Palencia and M. Lewenstein, Nat. Phys. 6, 87 (2010); G. Modugno, Rep. Prog. Phys. 73, 102401 (2010).
also Shlyapnikov, Burnett, Roth, Sanchez-Palencia, Giamarchi, Natterman, Garcia-Garcia ….
Giamarchi & Schultz, PRB 37 325 (1988)Fisher et al PRB 40, 546 (1989), …
Many-body problem to investigate the interplay between disorder & interaction
Theoretical interest on the investigation of 1D bosons at T=0, which is a simple prototype of disordered interacting systems
Rapsch, Schollwoeck, Zwerger EPL 46 559 (1999), …
Interplay between disorder and interaction
4J
2
)1/( d
In the tight binding limit: Aubry-Andrè or Harper model
Metal-insulator transition at =2J
ii
jiji
nibbJH ˆ)2cos(ˆˆˆ,
S. Aubry and G. André, Ann. Israel Phys. Soc. 3, 133 (1980).L. Fallani et al., PRL 98, 130404 (2007). M. Modugno, New J. Phys. 11, 033023 (2009).
1D system in a quasiperiodic potential
A 1D quasiperiodic lattice
1
2
k
k
A 1D quasiperiodic lattice
-20 -10 0 10 20
g E(x
) (a
rb. u
nits
)
Position (lattice sites)
')()()( dxxxExExgE
Energy correlation function
)1/( d
420 440 460 48010-20
10-10
100
| (
x)|2
Position (lattice sites)
0 100 200 300 400 500
-4
-2
0
2
4
Ene
rgy
(uni
ts o
f J)
Eigenstate #
Jd 2/log/
Short, uniform localization length:
Miniband structure
A 1D quasiperiodic lattice
4J
2
/d
In the tight binding limit: Aubry-Andrè or Harper model
Metal-insulator transition at =2J
ii
jiji
nibbJH ˆ)2cos(ˆˆˆ,
Tuned on the Feshbach resonance
S. Aubry and G. André, Ann. Israel Phys. Soc. 3, 133 (1980).L. Fallani et al., PRL 98, 130404 (2007). M. Modugno, New J. Phys. 11, 033023 (2009).
Interplay between disorder and interaction
1D system in a quasiperiodic potential
340 350 360 370 380 390 400 410
0
400
scat
terin
g le
ngth
(a0)
magnetic field (G)
G. Roati, et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 010403 (2007).
Potassium-39
dxam
E 42
int
2
BEC
Interplay between disorder and interaction
Interaction
Dis
ord
er
Superfluid
Anderson localization
Glass?
???
Mott insulator
Interplay between disorder and interaction
Anomalous diffusion with disorder, noise and interactions
2
Position
Interaction
Dis
ord
er
/J=0
/J=2.5
/J=4
time
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 90
20
40
60
(
m)
/J
Anomalous diffusion with disorder, noise and interactions
Interaction
Dis
ord
er
time
Anomalous diffusion with disorder, noise and interactions
0.1 1.0 10.0
15
20
25
30
35
40
non interacting
Eint
= 0.8 J
Eint
= 1.2 J
normal diffusion
wid
th (m
)
time (s)
E. Lucioni et al. , Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 230403 (2011).E. Lucioni et al. , Phys. Rev. E 87, 042922 (2013).
5.0)( tt
Anomalous diffusion with disorder, noise and interactions
Eint=Un(x,t)
superdiffusive
subdiffusive
=0.5 diffusive
log
log(t)
=1 ballis
tic
Levy flights
Many classes of linear disordered systems
Brownian motion
J-P. Bouchaud and A .Georges, Phys. Rep. 195, 127 (1990)D. L. Shepelyansky, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 1787 (1993)S. Flach, et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 024101 (2009)
Localized interacting systems?
Anomalous diffusion with disorder, noise and interactions
)2/(12
)(
tttDt
)1(int jj nnUHH
),( txnD
Coherent hopping between localized states
2D 2
2
int 1
E
fHi
Instantaneous diffusion coefficient:
Standard Diffusion Equation with Gaussian solution:
Width-dependent diffusion coefficient:
E. Lucioni et al. , Phys. Rev. E 87, 042922 (2013).
Subdiffusive behaviour, i.e. decreasing diffusion coefficient:
/12)()( ttD
x
txnD
xt
txn ),(
2
1),(
0 20 40 60 80
t = 10s
x(m)0 20 40 60
t = 0.1s
n (a
rb. u
nits
)
x(m)
Experiment Gaussian fit
What about the evolution of the distribution n(x,t)?
Nonlinear diffusion equation
x
txntxnD
xt
txn a ),(),(
),(0
Nonlinear Diffusion Equation:
B. Tuck, Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 9, 1559 (1976)
a
a
ttwtw
xtxn
2
1/1
2
2
)()(
1),(
),( txnD
0 20 40 60 80
t = 10sb = 0.57 0.06
x(m)0 20 40 60
t = 0.1sb = 0.06 0.03 n
(arb
. uni
ts)
x(m)
Experiment Gaussian fit fit with solution of NDE
What about the evolution of the distribution n(x,t)?
Nonlinear diffusion equation
a
a
ttwtw
xtxn
2
1/1
2
2
)()(
1),(
E. Lucioni et al. , Phys. Rev. E 87, 042922 (2013).
)1()()(
)(1),(),( /
)(/1
2
2t
tb
eatbtw
xtbwbBtxn
Solution of NDE:
Noise- and interaction-assisted transport
Can we learn something abouth the complex properties of the energy transport in biological systems with our ultracold atom system?
Disorder
Noise
Interactions ?
Chin et al., New J. Phys. 12 065002 (2010)
Collaboration with F. Caruso and M. Plenio, Ulm University
Noise-assisted diffusion
))cos(1()2cos( tAxV idis
Dttconst )(
Our noise: sine modulation of the secondary lattice with a random frequency
Frequencies are changed randomly with time step Td
normal diffusion
100 200 300 400
-60
-50
-40
PS
D (d
B/H
z)
frequency (Hz)
1 10
20
30
40
50
(m
)
t (s)
Noise-assisted diffusion
0.5
increasing noise amplitude
Dtt )(2
Also observed in atomic ionization (Walther), kicked rotor (Raizen) and photonic lattices (Segev&Fishman):M. Arndt et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 2435 (1991); D. A. Steck, et al, Phys. Rev. E 62, 3461 (2000).
Noise-assisted diffusion
Dt
2
C. D’Errico et al., New J. Phys.15, 045007 (2013).
Dt2
de
dJAD
/
22
1
)(
3
2D
Normal diffusion:
General expectation:
Our perturbative result for qp lattices:(works for both experiment and DNLSE)
)2cos()cos(' xtAH i
constE
fHi
2'
Noise-assisted diffusion
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.00.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.7 d
4.5 d
A2
D (m
2 /ms)
de
dJAD
/
22
1
)(
3
C. D’Errico et al., New J. Phys.15, 045007 (2013).
Noise-assisted diffusion
1 2 3 4
0.1
1
Experiment Perturbative model A<A
c
A=1
0.6
D /A
2 (m
2 /ms)
/d0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.7 d
4.5 d
A2
D (m
2 /ms)
C. D’Errico et al., New J. Phys.15, 045007 (2013).
de
dJAD
/
22
1
)(
3
Noise + interactions?
Anderson localization interactions alonenoise alone noise + interactions
Noise and interaction: generalized diffusion equation
)(2
tDDt intnoise
10
2
(
m)
c (iii)
(ii)
(i)
20
0.01 0.1 1 10
0.0
0.1d
t (s)
20
30
40
50
(
m)
15
0.1 1 10
0.0
0.1 b
a
t (s)
Experiment DNLSE
noise alone interactions alonenoise + interactions
2|)(| k
k
2k1
-2k 1
0
=0, U=J
r=50 kHz; J/h=100 Hz
Experimental scheme and parameters for 1D system
Strong 2D lattice (s=30) with weak 3D harmonic trapping + weaker 1D q.p. lattice (s=10)
Inhomogeneous filling factor (3D Thomas-Fermi):nmean ~ 2
=0, U=J
Optical lattices create an array of quasi one-dimensional systems:
t=0trap minimum
is shifted
t=t*all fields are switched off
TOF image (16.6 ms)
System at equilibrium
t*=0
t*≠0
k
Transport in 1D system
A. Polkovnikov et al. Phys. Rev. A 71, 063613 (2005); applied on Bose gases by DeMarco, Naegerl, Schneble.
0 1 2 3 40.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
Experiment no damping low damped fit high damped fit
p 0 (
h/ 1
)
t (ms)
Transport in the weakly interacting regime: clean system
Dynamical instability driven by quantum and thermal fluctuations.
A. Smerzi et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 170402 (2002)E. Altman et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 020402 (2005)L. Fallani et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 140406 (2004)J. Mun et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 150604 (2007)I. Danshita, ArXiv:1303.1616
Without disorder: /J=0
Without disorder: /J=0
Transport in the weakly interacting regime: clean system
Without disorder: /J=0
Without disorder: /J=0
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0 1 2 3 4
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
p 0 (h
/1)
p 0- p th
(h/
)
t (ms)
-2 0 2p (h/
1)
pC
At p=pc we observe a sudden increase of the damping and of the width
0 2 4 6 8 10 20 220.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
p c (h
/)
Experiment piecewise fit quantum phase slips model
U/J
Transport in the weakly interacting regime:clean system
Without disorder: /J=0
Without disorder: /J=0
J. Mun et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 150604 (2007).L. Tanzi et al., ArXiv:1307.4060, accepted by PRL
Also in 1D the onset of the Mott regime can be detected from a vanishing of pc, as in 3D
Transport in the weakly interacting regime:clean system
Without disorder: /J=0
Without disorder: /J=0
E. Altman et al., PRL 95,020402 (2005) A Polkovnikov et al., PRA 71 063613 (2005)I. Danshita and A Polkovnikov, PRA 85, 023638 (2012)I. Danshita, PRL 111, 025303 (2013) L. Tanzi et al., ArXiv:1307.4060, accepted by PRL
0 2 4 6 8 10 120.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4Experiment quantum phase slip model thermal phase slip model
p c(h/
)
U/J
0 2 4 6
50
500
(H
z)
U/J
The observed dependences of pc and on U suggest a quantum activation of phase slip
0 1 2 3
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3 = 0 = 3.6 J = 10 J
p 0
(h/
1)
t (ms)
Fixed interaction energy: U/J=1.26Fixed interaction energy: U/J=1.26
pC
pC
Transport in the weakly interacting regime: with disorder
The damping rate is enhanced and the critical momentum is reduced by disorder
pC
pC
Transport in the weakly interacting regime: with disorder
Fixed interaction energy: U/J=1.26Fixed interaction energy: U/J=1.26
0 1 2 3
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3 = 0 = 3.6 J = 10 J
p 0
(h/
1)
t (ms)
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
/J
0.38
0.40
0.42
0.44
0.46
0.48
0.50
0.52
p (
h/
)
p c(h/
) CC
L. Tanzi et al., ArXiv:1307.4060, accepted by PRL
P. Lugan, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 170403 (2007);L. Fontanesi, et al., Phys. Rev. A 81, 053603 (2010).
0 2 4 6 80
2
4
6
8
10
/J
nU/J
Insulator
Fluid
A = 1.3 ± 0.4 = 0.83 ± 0.22
Transport in the weakly interacting regime: with disorder
)/(/)2( JnUAJc
Conclusions & Outlook
We have studied the diffusion of a localized disordered system, assisted by interaction and noise
We have studied the momentum-dependent transport for a weakly interacting disordered Bose gas on the BG – SF transition
Study a strongly correlated, disordered Bose gas in 1D: correlations, excitations, compressibility, and transport
Investigation of a quantum quench on a strongly correlated system and effect of the disorder on the thermalization of a closed system
Exploration of the role of temperature on the many-body fluid-insulator transition at large T I. L. Aleiner, B. L. Altshuler, G. V. Shlyapnikov, Nat. Phys. 6, 900 (2010)
Massimo Inguscio
TeamThe Team
Eleonora LucioniLuca TanziLorenzo GoriAvinash KumarSaptarishi ChaudhuriC.D.
Giovanni Modugno
For Noise-assisted transport: collaboration withF. Caruso B. Deissler (Ulm University) M. Moratti M. B. Plenio (Ulm University)
Thank you for the attention