Transport in Man

7/30/2019 Transport in Man

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TRANSPORT IN MAN


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MAIN ORGANS IN THE TRANSPORT

SYSTEM

heart

lungs

main blood vessels


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BLOOD

Red blood cells

White blood cells

Platelets

Plasma


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RED BLOOD CELLS

Transports oxygen, gives blood the

red colour

Haemoglobin the iron-containing

protein which combines with oxygen

and takes it from the lungs to otherparts of the body

.


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WHITE BLOOD CELLS

Responsible for phagocytosis, antibody

formation

Phagocytes - engulf and destroy

bacteria

Antibodies - clump the bacteria so that

the phagocytes can engulf and destroy

them easily


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PLATELETS

Platelets are formed in the bone

marrow of long bones by

disintegration of certain cells

Contains cell membrane and

cytoplasm


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PLATELETS

When blood vessels are damaged, damaged

tissues and blood platelets release the enzyme

thrombokinase.

Prothrombin thrombokinase thrombin

calcium ions

Fibrinogen thrombin fibrin

(soluble) (insoluble)

Fibrin threads entangle blood cells and the whole

mass forms a clot.


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PLASMA

Blood plasma composed of 90%

water and 10% dissolvedsubstances

Transport of blood cells, ions, food

substances, hormones, CO2, urea,vitamins, plasma proteins


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TRANSPORT OF CO2

(CO2 is transported mainly by the bloodplasma. CO2 from the tissues diffusesinto the blood and enters the rbc. CO2reacts with water to form carbonic acid.The reaction is catalysed by the enzymecarbonic anhydrase. The carbonic acidis then converted into hydrogencarbonate ions which diffuse out of therbcs into the blood plasma).


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TISSUE FLUID

Cells in the walls of capillaries have

gaps in them that allows fluid to leak out

so the plasma along with the white

blood cells leak out to form tissue fluid.

The tissue fluid surround the cells and

is responsible for supplying oxygen and

food and removing carbon dioxide


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TRANSFER OF MATERIALS

Dissolved food substances and oxygen

diffuse from the blood through the walls

of the capillaries into the tissue fluid

while waste products diffuse from thetissue fluid through the capillary walls

into the blood.


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LYMPH

Lymph Is drained tissue fluid. The

tissue fluid drains into the lymphatic

capillaries and are called lymph.The lymph capillaries join up to

form larger lymph vessels that

eventually takes the tissue fluidback to the blood


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ARTERIES , VEINS , CAPILLARIES


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HEART

The function of the left ventricle is to pump blood at high pressure around

the body, while the right ventricle only pumps blood to the lungs which are

a short distance from the heart, requiring a much lower pressure.


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CARDIAC CYCLE

Atrio-ventricular valve (biscupid and tricuspid) open, blood from atria flow

to ventricles;

After a sort pause, the ventricular systole occurs-the ventricles contract

while the atria relax; The increase in blood pressure forces the AV valves

to close to prevent backflow, blood flow to aorta and pulmonary artery

forcing open the semilunar valves to open;

Ventricular diastole takes place when atria and ventricles relaxed, The

drop in pressure causes the AV to open and the semilunar valves to close.

Blood enters the atria from the venae cava and pulmonary vein.


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CORONARY HEART DISEASES

Coronary heart disease is caused by blockage of the coronary arteries which

supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle. Excessive intake of saturated

fats will cause cholesterol to be deposited in the lining of the coronary

arteries, thus constricting the lumen. This will block blood flow to the heart

muscles. As a result the heart muscles do not get oxygen and glucose and

this will cause coronary thrombosis (coronary heart failure)

Possible causes include diet, stress and smoking, stating the possible

preventative measures

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Transport in Man