Transport in India by WIKI

7/27/2019 Transport in India by WIKI

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Transport in IndiaFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Transport in theRepublic of Indiais an important part of the nation'seconomy. Since theeconomic

liberalisationof the 1990s, development of infrastructure within the country has progressed at a rapid pace, andtoday there is a wide variety of modes of transport by land, water and air. However, India's relatively low GDP

per capita has meant that access to these modes of transport has not been uniform.

Motor vehicle penetration is low by international standards, with only 103 million cars on thenation's roads.[1]In

addition, only around 10% of Indian households own amotorcycle.[2]At the same time, theautomobile industry

in Indiais rapidly growing with an annual production of over 4.6 million vehicles,[3]and vehicle volume is

expected to rise greatly in the future.[4]

In the interim however, public transport still remains the primary mode of transport for most of the population,

and India's public transport systems are among the most heavily used in the world.[5]

India's rail networkis the

4th longest and the most heavily used system in the world,[5]transporting 7651 million passengers and over

921 million tonnes offreightannually, as of 2011.[6]:3, 56

Despite ongoing improvements in the sector, several aspects of the transport sector are still riddled with

problems due to outdated infrastructure and lack of investment in less economically active parts of the country.

The demand for transport infrastructure and services has been rising by around 10% a year[5]with the current

infrastructure being unable to meet these growing demands. According to recent estimates by Goldman Sachs,

India will need to spend US$1.7 trillion on infrastructure projects over the next decade to boost economic

growth, of which US$500 billion is budgeted to be spent during theEleventh Five-Year Plan.[7]
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TheMumbai-Pune Expressway, India's firstexpressway

The Bandra Worli Sea link, withWorliskyline

Contents

[hide]

1 Traditional means

o 1.1 Walking

o 1.2 Palanquin

o 1.3 Bullock cart and horse carriage

o 1.4 Bicycle

o 1.5 Hand-pulled rickshaw

o 1.6 Cycle rickshaw

2 Urban public transport

o 2.1 Tram

o 2.2 Bus

2.2.1 Bus Rapid Transit System (BRTS)

o 2.3 Taxi

o 2.4 Auto Rickshaw

3 Suburban railway

o 3.1 Urban mass rapid transit

o 3.2 Monorail

o 3.3 Light rail

4 Other local transport

o 4.1 Motorcycle and scooter
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o 4.2 Automobile

o 4.3 Utility vehicles

5 Long distance transport

o

5.1 Railway 5.1.1 International

o 5.2 Road

6 Aviation

o 6.1 Airports

o 6.2 Heliports

7 Ports and shipping

8 Waterways

9 Pipelines

10 Environmental issues and impact

11 See also

12 References

13 External links

Traditional means [edit]

Walking [edit]

In ancient times, people often covered long distances on foot. For instance,Adi Sankaracharyatravelled allover India.[8]Walking still constitutes an important mode of transport in urban areas.[9]In the city ofMumbai, to

further improve the transit conditions forpedestrians, theMumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority,

has commenced the construction of more than 50skywalks,[10][11]as part of theMumbai Skywalkproject.

Palanquin [edit]

Palanquins, also known aspalkis, were one of the luxurious methods used by the rich and noblemen for

travelling. This was primarily used in the past to carry a deity or idol of a God, and many temples have

sculptures of God being carried in apalki. Later on, it was primarily used by European noblemen and ladies

from the upper classes of society prior to the advent of the railways in India.[12]

Modern use of the palanquin is

limited toIndian weddingsand Pilgrimage.[citation needed]

Bullock cart and horse carriage [edit]

Bullock carts have been traditionally used for transport, especially in rural India. Thearrival of the Britishsaw

drastic improvements in the horse carriages which were used for transport since early days. Today, they are

used in smaller towns and are referred asTongaorbuggies.Victorias of Mumbaiare still used for tourist
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purposes, but horse carriages are now rarely found in the metro cities of India.[13]In recent years large cities

have banned the movement of bullock carts and other slow moving vehicles on the main roads.[14][15][16]

Bicycle [edit]

Bicyclesare a common mode of travel in much of India. More people can now afford to own a cycle than everbefore. In 2005, more than 40% of Indian households owned a bicycle, with ownership rates ranging from

around 30% to 70% at the state level.[2]Along with walking, cycling accounts for 50 to 75% of the commuter

trips for those in the informal sector in urban areas.[9]

Even though India is the second largest producer of bicycles in the world,[17]a significant prejudice against

bicycle riding for transport exists in some segments of the population, generally stemming from the status

symbol aspect of the motor vehicle.[17]In India, the word "bike" generally refers tomotorcycle, and "cycle" refers

tobicycle.[17]

Punewas the first city in India to have dedicated lanes for cycles.[18]

It was built for the2008 Commonwealth

Youth Games.

However, recent developments inDelhisuggest that bicycle riding is fast becoming popular in the metro cities

of India. The Delhi government has decided to construct separate bicycle lanes on all major roads to combat

pollution and ease traffic congestion.[19]

Hand-pulled rickshaw [edit]

This type of transport is still available inKolkatawherein a person pulls the rickshaw by hand. TheGovernment

of West Bengalproposed a ban on these rickshaws in 2005 describing them as "inhuman".[20]Though a bill

aiming to address this issue, termed as 'Calcutta Hackney Carriage Bill', was passed by the West Bengal

Assembly in 2006, it has not been implemented yet.[21]The Government of West Bengal is working on an

amendment of this bill to avoid the loopholes that got exposed when the Hand-pulled Rickshaw Owner's

Association filed a petition against the bill.[21]

Cycle rickshaw [edit]

Cycle rickshawswere introduced in India in the 1940s.[22]They are bigger than a tricycle where two people sit

on an elevated seat at the back and a person pedals from the front. In the late 2000s, they were banned in

several cities for causing traffic congestion.[23][24][25]Cycle rickshaws have been a feature of Delhi streets since

Indian independence in 1947, providing the cheapest way around the capital. TheDelhi Policerecently

submitted an affidavit against plying of cycle rickshaws to ease traffic congestion in the city but it was

dismissed by the Delhi High court.[26]In addition, environmentalists have supported the retention of cycle

rickshaws as a non-polluting and inexpensive mode of transport.[27]

Urban public transport [edit]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-fadingtonga-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-fadingtonga-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-fadingtonga-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-Bangaloreban-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-Bangaloreban-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-Ahmedabadban-16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-Ahmedabadban-16http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Transport_in_India&action=edit&section=5http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Transport_in_India&action=edit&section=5http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Transport_in_India&action=edit&section=5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicyclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicyclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-bicycles-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-bicycles-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-bicycles-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-Tiwari-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-Tiwari-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-Tiwari-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-tribunecycle-17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-tribunecycle-17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-tribunecycle-17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-tribunecycle-17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-tribunecycle-17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-tribunecycle-17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorcyclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorcyclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorcyclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicyclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicyclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-tribunecycle-17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-tribunecycle-17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-tribunecycle-17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-cylcetrackpune-18http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-cylcetrackpune-18http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-cylcetrackpune-18http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_Commonwealth_Youth_Gameshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_Commonwealth_Youth_Gameshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_Commonwealth_Youth_Gameshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_Commonwealth_Youth_Gameshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-Bicycle-19http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-Bicycle-19http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-Bicycle-19http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Transport_in_India&action=edit&section=6http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Transport_in_India&action=edit&section=6http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Transport_in_India&action=edit&section=6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_West_Bengalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_West_Bengalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_West_Bengalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_West_Bengalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-inhuman-20http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-inhuman-20http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-inhuman-20http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-tele81031-21http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-tele81031-21http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-tele81031-21http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-tele81031-21http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-tele81031-21http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-tele81031-21http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Transport_in_India&action=edit&section=7http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Transport_in_India&action=edit&section=7http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Transport_in_India&action=edit&section=7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycle_rickshawhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycle_rickshawhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-TED-Taj-22http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-TED-Taj-22http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-TED-Taj-22http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-CRBanTOI-23http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-CRBanTOI-23http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-Chennaiban-25http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-Chennaiban-25http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhi_Policehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhi_Policehttp: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Public transport is the predominant mode of motorised local travel in cities.[9]This is predominantly by road,

since commuter rail services are available only in the sevenmetropolitancities

ofMumbai,Delhi,Chennai,Kolkata,Bangalore,HyderabadandPune, while dedicated city bus services are

known to operate in at least 25 cities with a population of over one million.[28]Intermediate public transport

modes like tempos and cycle rickshaws assume importance in medium size cities.[9]However, the share of

buses is negligible in most Indian cities as compared to personalized vehicles, and two-wheelers and cars

account for more than 80 percent of the vehicle population in most large cities.[28]

Traffic in Indian cities generally moves slowly, where traffic jams and accidents are very common.[29]India has

very poor records on road safelyaround 90,000 people die from road accidents every year.[30]At least 13

people die every hour in road accidents in the country,also in the year 2007 road accidents claimed more than

130,000 lives, overtaking China.[31][32]

AReader's Digeststudy of traffic congestion in Asian cities ranked several Indian cities within the Top Ten for

worst traffic.[29]

Tram [edit]

Main article:Tram transport in India

A tram inKolkata.Calcutta Tramwaysis the only remaining tram network in India

The advent of the British sawtramsbeing introduced in many cities includingMumbaiandKolkata. They are

still in use inKolkataand provide an emission-free means of transport while the other tram systems in India

were phased out. The nationalizedCalcutta Tramways Companyis in the process of upgrading the existing

tramway network at a cost of 24crore(US$4.4 million).[33]Presently the limited tram system in India is

extremely slow and technologically backward, new light rail projects are being proposed, two of which have

been proposed inDelhiandKolkata, rather than tram projects which have one reason or another not been very

successful in the country[citation needed]. However, there are some proposals to reintroduce trams as a new

transport avatar in some new Indian cities.[34]

Bus [edit]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-Tiwari-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-Tiwari-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-Tiwari-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_areahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_areahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_areahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chennaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chennaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chennaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangalorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangalorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangalorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyderabad,_Andhra_Pradeshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyderabad,_Andhra_Pradeshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyderabad,_Andhra_Pradeshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-Singh-28http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-Singh-28http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-Singh-28http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-Tiwari-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-Tiwari-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-Tiwari-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-Singh-28http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-Singh-28http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-Singh-28http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-Poortraffic-29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-Poortraffic-29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-Poortraffic-29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-accidentvariableboard-30http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-accidentvariableboard-30http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-accidentvariableboard-30http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-India_leads_world_in_road_deaths:_WHO-31http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-India_leads_world_in_road_deaths:_WHO-31http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-Road_accidents_in_India_claim_more_than_130.2C000_lives-32http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-Road_accidents_in_India_claim_more_than_130.2C000_lives-32http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-Road_accidents_in_India_claim_more_than_130.2C000_lives-32http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reader%27s_Digesthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reader%27s_Digesthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reader%27s_Digesthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-Poortraffic-29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-Poortraffic-29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-Poortraffic-29http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Transport_in_India&action=edit&section=9http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Transport_in_India&action=edit&section=9http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Transport_in_India&action=edit&section=9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tram_transport_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tram_transport_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tram_transport_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcutta_Tramwayshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcutta_Tramwayshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcutta_Tramwayshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tramhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tramhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tramhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcutta_Tramways_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcutta_Tramways_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcutta_Tramways_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-Trams-33http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-Trams-33http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-Trams-33http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhi_Light_Rail_Transithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhi_Light_Rail_Transithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhi_Light_Rail_Transithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkata_Light_Rail_Transit_Systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkata_Light_Rail_Transit_Systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkata_Light_Rail_Transit_Systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-Trams_likely_to_reappear_in_new_avatar_in_upcoming_smart_cities-34http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-Trams_likely_to_reappear_in_new_avatar_in_upcoming_smart_cities-34http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-Trams_likely_to_reappear_in_new_avatar_in_upcoming_smart_cities-34http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Transport_in_India&action=edit&section=10http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Transport_in_India&action=edit&section=10http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Transport_in_India&action=edit&section=10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_rupeehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kolkata_Tram.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kolkata_Tram.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_rupeehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kolkata_Tram.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kolkata_Tram.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_rupeehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kolkata_Tram.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kolkata_Tram.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Transport_in_India&action=edit&section=10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-Trams_likely_to_reappear_in_new_avatar_in_upcoming_smart_cities-34http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkata_Light_Rail_Transit_Systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhi_Light_Rail_Transithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-Trams-33http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcutta_Tramways_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tramhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcutta_Tramwayshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tram_transport_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Transport_in_India&action=edit&section=9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-Poortraffic-29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reader%27s_Digesthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-Road_accidents_in_India_claim_more_than_130.2C000_lives-32http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-India_leads_world_in_road_deaths:_WHO-31http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-accidentvariableboard-30http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-Poortraffic-29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-Singh-28http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-Tiwari-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-Singh-28http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyderabad,_Andhra_Pradeshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangalorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chennaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_areahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-Tiwari-9


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The iconic double deckerBESTbus in Mumbai covered in the livery of a Bollywood film

The oldest Indian state transport undertaking isNorth Bengal State Transport Corporationfounded by the Raj

Durbar ofKoch BiharKingdom regime on 1 April 1945 with three buses and three trucks. It is still vibrant and

running, providing service to commuters ofNorth Bengalregion. Buses take up over 90% of public transport in

Indian cities,[35]and serve as a cheap and convenientmode of transportfor all classes of society. Services are

mostly run by state government owned transport corporations.[28]However, after theeconomic liberalisation,

many state transport corporations have introduced various facilities likelow-floor busesfor the disabled and air-

conditioned buses to attract private car owners to help decongest roads.[36][37]Bengaluru was the first city in

India to introduceVolvo B7RLEintra-city buses in India in January 2006.[38][39][40]Bengaluruis the first Indian

city to have anair-conditionedbus stop, located nearCubbon Park. It was built byAirtel.[41]TheAPSRTChas

introduced Buses with two coaches.These Buses are allowed to operate only in theGreater Hyderabad. It is

acknowledged as the single corporation having the largest fleet in the world.[42][43]This has been certified by the

Guinness World Records for being the largest bus operator in the world.

The city ofChennaihousesAsia's largestbus terminus, theChennai Mofussil Bus Terminus.[44]In 2009,

theGovernment of Karnatakaand theBangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporationflagged off a pro-poor bus

service called the Atal Sarige. The service aims to provide low-cost connectivity to the economically backward

sections of the society to the nearest major bus station.[45][46]

Bus Rapid Transit System (BRTS) [edit]

This section does notciteanyreferences or sources. Please help improve this section

byadding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged

andremoved.(August 2012)
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A BRT station inAhmedabad,Gujarat

New initiatives likeBus Rapid Transit(BRT) systems and air conditioned buses have been taken by the various

state government to improve the bus public transport systems in cities. The idea of a BRT concept in India -

based on the successful system in Curitiba, Brazil - was first introduced in the year 2000 in the form of a

feasibility study for Bangalore carried out by Swedish consultants but was not implemented at the time. Today,

however, the concept has caught on and Bus Rapid Transit systems already exist

inPune,Delhi,Ahmedabad,MumbaiandJaipurwith new ones coming up

inKolkataHyderabadLucknowandBangalore. High Capacity buses can be found in cities

likeMumbai,Bengaluru,NagpurandChennai.[47]

Taxi [edit]

Main article:Taxis in India

The yellow colured Ambassador taxis inKolkata
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Radio Taxi inBengaluru,Karnataka

Most of the traditional taxicabs in India are eitherPremier PadminiorHindustan Ambassadorcars.[48]

Depending on the city/state, taxis can either be hailed or hired from taxi-stands. In cities such

asAhmedabad,Bengaluru,Hyderabad,taxis need to be hired over phone,[49]whereas in cities

likeKolkataandMumbai, taxis can be hailed on the street. According to government of India regulations, all

taxis are required to have a fare-meter installed.[50]There are additional surcharges for luggage, late-night rides

and toll taxes are to be paid by the passenger. Since 2006, radio taxis have become increasingly popular with

the public due to reasons of safety and convenience.[51]

In cities and localities where taxis are expensive or do not ply as per the government or municipal regulated

fares, people useshare taxis. These are normal taxis which carry one or more passengers travelling to

destinations either en route to the final destination, or near the final destination.[citation needed] The passengers are

charged according to the number of people with different destinations. A similar system exists for

autorickshaws, known as share autos.[citation needed]

The city of Mumbai will soon be the first city inIndia, to have an "in-taxi" magazine, titledMumBaee, which will

be issued to taxis which are part of the Mumbai Taximen's Union. The magazine debuted on 13 July 2009.[52]

Auto Rickshaw [edit]

Main article:Autorickshaw

Autorickshaw inMumbai
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port_in_India#cite_note-amby-48http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustan_Ambassadorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premier_Padminihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnatakahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengaluru


9/25

An auto rickshaw is a three-wheelervehicle for hirethat has no doors and is generally characterised by a small

cabin for the driver in the front and a seat for passengers in the rear.[53]Generally it is painted in yellow, green

or black colour and has a black, yellow or green canopy on the top, but designs vary considerably from place to

place. The color of the autorickshaw is also determined by the fuel that it is powered by, for

exampleAhmedabadandDelhihave green autos indicating the use ofCompressed Natural Gas, whereas the

autos ofMumbai,Bangalorehave black autos indicating the use of diesel.[citation needed]

InMumbaiand other metropolitan cities, 'autos' or 'ricks' as they are popularly known have regulated metered

fares. A recent law prohibits auto rickshaw drivers from charging more than the specified fare, or charging

night-fare before midnight, and also prohibits the driver from refusing to go to a particular

location.MumbaiandKolkataare also the only two cities which prohibit auto rickshaws from entering a certain

part of the city, in these cases beingSouth Mumbaiand certain parts of downtownKolkata.[54]However, in cities

likeChennai, it is common to see autorickshaw drivers demand more than the specified fare and refuse to use

fare meter[55]

Airports and railway stations at many cities such asChennai,Bengaluru,MysoreandHubballi-

Dharwadprovide a facility ofprepaidauto booths, where the passenger pays a fixed fare as set by the

authorities for various locations.[56]

Suburban railway [edit]

The presentsuburban railwayservices in India are limited and are operational only

inMumbai,Kolkata,Pune,Chennai,DelhiandHyderabad.[28]TheMumbai Suburban Railwayis the first rail

system in India which began services in Mumbai in 1867, transports 6.3 million passengers daily and has thehighest passenger density in the world.[57]The first rapid transit system in India, theKolkata Suburban Railway,

was established in Kolkata in 1854.[58]Its first service ran between Howrah and Hooghly covering a distance of

38.6 km (24 mi).

Urban mass rapid transit [edit]

This section does notciteanyreferences or sources. Please help improve this section

byadding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged

andremoved.(July 2012)

Main article:Rapid transit in India
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ata_Suburban_Railwayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-58http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-58http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-58http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Transport_in_India&action=edit&section=15http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Transport_in_India&action=edit&section=15http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Transport_in_India&action=edit&section=15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sourceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sourceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sourceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_referencing/1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_referencing/1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_referencing/1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid_transit_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid_transit_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid_transit_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid_transit_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_referencing/1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sourceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Transport_in_India&action=edit&section=15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-58http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkata_Suburban_Railwayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-subrefmumbai-57http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai_Suburban_Railwayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-Singh-28http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MMTS_Hyderabadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhi_Suburban_Railwayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chennai_Suburban_Railwayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pune_Suburban_Railwayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkata_Suburban_Railwayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai_Suburban_Railwayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suburban_railwayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Transport_in_India&action=edit&section=14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-prepaidauto-56http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prepayment_for_servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dharwadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubballihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mysorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengaluruhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chennaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-Chennai_auto_meter-55http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chennaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-iguide-54http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Mumbaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangalorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressed_Natural_Gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmedabadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_India#cite_note-AutoEncarta-53http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_for_hire


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Delhi Metro, operational since 2002Purple Line ofNamma Metroin central

Bangalore

India's oldest metro in Kolkata

The first modernrapid transitin India was theKolkata Metrothat started its operations in 1984. TheDelhi

Metroin New Delhi is second conventional metro and began operations in 2002. TheNamma Metroin

Bengalore is India's third operational rapid transit and began operations in 2011. Currently, rapid transit

systems have been deployed in these cities and more are under construction or in planning in several major

cities of India.

Cities that have a metro system:

Kolkata Metro

Chennai Mass Rapid Transit System

Delhi Metro

Namma Metro

Metro systems und

Rapid Metro R

Jaipur Metro

Chennai Metro

Mumbai Metro

Navi Mumbai M

Kochi Metro

Hyderabad Met

Monorail [edit]
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The Mumbai Monorail test run

Monorail in India is generally considered as feeder system for the Metro train. TheMumbai Monorailwill be the

firstmonorailinIndia[59](excluding theSkybus Metro Test Track in Goa) since thePatiala State Monorail

Trainwaysclosed in 1927. The first portion of the first line is scheduled to be operational by August 2013.

TheThiruvananthapuram Monorailis under construction and will start operating in 2016. [citation needed] It will India's

second largest monorail network.[citation needed]Many other Indian cities have Monorail projects, as a feeder

system to the Metro, in different phases of planning. [citation needed]

Green background for the systems that are currently under construction. Blue background for the systems that

are currently in planning.

System CityOpening

Year

System length

(km)

No. of

lines

No. of lines under

construction

Mumbai Monorail Mumbai 2014 20 2 1

ThiruvananthapuramMonorail Thiruvananthapuram 2016 22.50 2 1

Chennai Monorail Chennai 2014 57 3

Bangalore Monorail Bangalore 60 3

Delhi Monorail Delhi 90 6

Indore Monorail Indore

Kanpur Monorail Kanpur 63 6

Kolkata Monorail Kolkata 72 2

Kozhikode Monorail Kozhikode 2015 35 1

Navi Mumbai Monorail Navi Mumbai 2014 38 2

Patna Monorail Patna 32 4

Pune Monorail Pune 52 2

Aizawl Monorail Aizawl 2015 5 1

Light rail [edit]
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i_Monorailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangalorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangalore_Monorailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chennaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chennai_Monorailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiruvananthapuramhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram_Monorailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram_Monorailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai_Monorailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram_Monorailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patiala_State_Monorail_Trainwayshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patiala_State_Monorail_Trainwayshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skybus_Metro#Test_Track_of_Sky_Bushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monorailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai_Monorail


12/25

Like Monorails, Light rail is also considered as a feeder system for the Metro systems. Two Light rail projects

have been proposed in Delhi and Kolkata.

Green background for t

Documents

Transport in India by WIKI