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1
Transport Fundamentals(Dasar-dasar Teknik Transportasi)
Prof.Ir.SIGIT PRIYANTO,M.Sc.,PhD
Dr. PAWINEE IAMTRAKUL
August 2008
2
Definition, Progress in Transportation
3
Transportation in multidimensionalTransportation in multidimensional
One of the basic functions of transportation is to link residence with employment and producers of goods with their users.
From a wider viewpoint, transportation facilities provide the options for • work,
• Shopping & recreation,
• access to health,
• education,
• other amenities.
4
5
Role of Transportation
6
Progress in TransportationHuman beings are known to have laid out and used convenient routes as early as 30,000 B.C.
Traders and Migrants opened up most major routes of communication, but military has generally been responsible for improving the status of early routes built by civilians.
The first wheeled military vehicles were developed around 2500 B.C.
Steady progress has since been maintained in providing the highway and street network in proving vehicles for moving people and goods over this network and in enhancing ability of driver to operate the vehicles.
7
Progress in TransportationBefore bicycles and motor vehicles came into fashion, vehicle speeds seldom exceeded 10 mph.Naturally, a surface of compacted broken stone made an ideal pavement surface, even for the solid iron wheels then in use.People who traveled on foot could manage between 10 and 25 miles per dayHorse could make almost 40 miles per dayBy the late 1840s, the hourse-drawn street car appeared in a number of cities, average speed of about 4 mphUntil 1880s, electrically propelled transportation was introduced (beginning of world war I)In 1885, Daimler and Benz’s introduction of the gasoline-powered internal combustion engine
8
Technology development in transportation
The first pipelines in the United States were introduced in 1825.The internal-combustion engine was invented in 1866.The first automobile was produced in 1886 (by Daimler and Benz).The Wright brothers flew the first heavier-than-air machine in 1903.The first diesel electric locomotive was introduced in 1921.Lindbergh flew over the Atlantic Ocean to Europe in 1927.The first diesel engine buses were used in 1938.The first limited-access highway in the United States (the Pennsylvania Turnpike) opened in 1940.The Interstate Highway system was initiated in 1950.The first commercial jet appeared in 1958.Human beings landed on the moon in 1969.The use of computers and automation in transportation grew dramatically through the 1960s and 1970s and continues today.Microcomputers have revolutionized our capabilities to run programs in the 1980s.
9
Transportation System and Components
10
INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION AND SYSTEM
System:The relationship between one variable and other variables in an activity.
Objectives of Transportation System:Optimum journey can be reached with safe, comfort, and low cost.
11
Transportation: The movement of goods/people from oneplace to other places
When there is demand of transport:- Supply is not sufficient- Mobility is happen- Transportation system is created- Mobility is going to be optimum
12
Transportation System Components1. Fixed Facilities
Fixed Physical Components- Road Network, Rail Road, Pipe- Terminal, station, harbor, airport
2. Flow entities and technologyVehicles, rolling stocks, container (based on the characteristic)
3. Control System- Vehicular control- Flow control
13
Relationship with other sciences- Basic sciences- Mathematics- Economy- Geography
Role of Transportation- Natural Transportation Use nature as facilities and infrastructure of
transport- Modern Transportation (Artificial)
Use technology as facilities and infrastructureof transportCorrelation between lifestyle, scope, and
productive location is happen
14
The transportation SystemA transportation system may be defined as consisting of the• Fixed facilities,
• Flow entities,
• Control system
This system permits people and goods to overcome the friction of geographical space efficiently in order to participate in a timely manner in some desired activity.
15
16
Fixed Facilities
Fixed facilities are the physical components of the system that are fixed in space and constitute • network of links (e.g., roadway segments,
railway track, and pipes)
• nodes (e.g., intersections, interchanges, transit terminals, harbors, and airports) of the transportation system.
17
Source: Adapted from P. Haggett (2001) Geography: A Modern Synthesis, 4th Edition, New York: Prentice Hall.
18
II. TRANSPORTATION NETWORK
Network TypeThe network consists of roads and intersectionswhich is correlate between one and other.
× Grid NetworkUsually in metropolitanarea
19
× Radial NetworkObjective: focus to main area
example: Central Business District
20
× Ring Radial NetworkCombination between radial network and ring networkShow that the center city is more important than other part of the cities
21
× Hexagonal NetworkScattering and gathering intersectionUseful for defence purposes
22
× Delta NetworkModification from hexagonal networkTo cope with more journey
23
Type of Network
24
Flow Entities
Flow entities are the units that traverse the fixed facilities that include vehicles, container units, railroad cars, and so on.In the case of the highway system the fixed facilities are expected to accommodate a wide variety of vehicles types, ranging from bicycles to large tractor-trailer combinations.Flow entities are considered only in terms of their generic characteristics, such as size, weight, and acceleration and deceleration capabilities, rather than in terms of their specific technological design, which is normally undertaken by mechanical and electrical engineers.
25
Control SystemThe control system consists of vehicular control and flow control.• Vehicular control refers to the technological way
in which individual vehicles are guided on the fixed facilities.
• Such control can be manual or automated.
• The proper geometric design of the fixed facilities must incorporate, in addition to the characteristics of the vehicle, the characteristics of the vehicular control system.
26
Flow control
In the case of highway facilities, where the vehicles are manually controlled, these include driver characteristics, • such as the time a driver takes to perceive and react to
various stimuli;
• examples of such human factors are contained in our transportation study program.
In the case of automated systems similar but more precisely definable response times exist as well.
27
Movement & Transportation
Reason that people and goods move from one place to another can be explained by the following three conditions:• Complementarity: the relative attractiveness betweeen
two or more destinations;• Transferibility: the desire to overcome distance,
measured in terms of time and money needed to overcome this distance and best technology available to achieve this;
• Intervening: opportunities to competition among several locations to satisfy demand and supply
28
Land Use and Transportation CycleLand use is one of the prime determinants of movement and activity, trip generationSuch a movement will dictate transportation facilities such as streets and bus systems, will be need to move a TRAFFICWhen such additional facilities have been provided, the system will naturally have increased accessibilityA change in accessibility will determine the change, if any, in the value of land
Land Use
Land Value
Accessibility
Trips
Transportation Needs
Transportation Facility
Source: Chapter 1:Transprotation As A System. Khisty and Lall 1998
29
30
System HierarchyUrban System
Land UseTransportation
SystemWater System
Telecommunications System
Institutional Structure
Infrastructure and services
System Users
Mode of Transportation
Intermodal Connections
Transit Network
Highway Network
Nonmotorized Network
Arterials Collectors Local
Major Minor Major Minor
31
32
Functional Streets & Highways
Arterial: Provide direct service for cities and larger town (generate and attract a large proportion of trips)Collector: Serves small towns directly and connect them to the arterial networkLocal streets: Bottom level of the system which serve individual farms and other rural land usage
33
Public Transportation System Hierarchy
The regional transit network: provide fast and frequent transit service to central city, regional centers, industrial areas, and intermodal facilityA community transit network: focus on accessibility and service coverage, speed is not the major concern that include community bus, mini bus, paratransit and park and rideInterurban public transportation services: provide transit opportunities for intercity movements include passenger rail, intercity bus, and passenger intermodal terminals or transfer pointsTransit service for special needs populations provides service to students, elderly, economically disadvantage, mobility impaired and other with special needs
34
Regional Bicycle Functional Classification
Regional access bikeways: focus on accessibility to and within the central city, regional centers and some larger town centersRegional corridor bikeways: provide point to point connectivity between the central city, regional centers, and larger town centersCommunity connector bikeways: connect small town centers, main streets, rail stations, industrial areas, and regional attractionsMultiuse paths with bicycle transportation function: connect work sites, schools, transit stations, stores, and other work/recreational/shop destinations
35
Regional Pedestrian System Functional Classification
Pedestrian districts: area of high or potential high pedestrian activity where a walkable environment is desiredTransit/mixed use corridor: locate along transit lines and will be the subject of increased development densitiesMultiuse paths with pedestrian transportation function: paved, off-streets regional facilities that accommodate pedestrian and bicycle travel
36
System purposeEstablish the linkage between transportation system performance and other systems such as the economy, environment, or communityProvide opportunities for mobility and accessibility• Mobility: The ability and knowledge to travel from
one location to another in a reasonable amount of time and for acceptable costs
• Accessibility: The means by which an individual can accomplish some economic or social activity through access to that activity
37
System BoundaryThe key challenge to transportation planners is establishing the appropriate definition of the system boundary, relate to the economic and environmental contexts of transportation and in defining impacts on other systemsThe study boundary did not stop at jurisdictional lines and in fact, crossed national boundariesBoundary will vary in relation to the problem definition, decision domain, and scale of analysisThe boundary must be initially defined broadly enough to cover the spatial and temporal interrelationships associated with system effectsThe boundary itself can become an importation part of the analysis by examining the inputs and outputs that across it
38
P. 97
Central Business District
39
System Component
System Users: characteristics of users will influence travel behavior that is important for choosing one means of transportation or mode over anotherMode: means of transportation that provide service with different performance characteristics to serve different trip purposesInfrastructure: provide the modal networks, facilities and services necessary for mobility in metropolitan areasIntermodal connections: transfer points, terminals and stations where movement occur between modes, critical components of an effective multimodal transportation systemStakeholders: include different segments of community effected by transportation
40
System Performance
Level of service: use in transportation planning to describe performance conditions in terms of operational characteristics of interest to users• Speed• Travel time, • Freedom to maneuver, • Comfort• convenience
41
Overview of Transportation Systems Characteristics
42
Transportation System Classification
Transportation systems can be categorized in several ways.
For example, they may be classified according to • the types of technology they employ,
• the function or type of service they provide,
• who owns or is responsible for their implementation and operation, and so forth.
Each of these diverse typologies views transportation systems from a different perspective and is useful in making distinctions that are relevant to different types of transportation-related decisions.
43
Mode Classification SchemeFreight Passenger
Urban Truck (highway)
Private auto (highway)
Transit (highway/rail)
Intercity Truck (highway)
Private auto (highway)
Rail Bus (highway)
Ocean shipping Rail
Inland water Air
Pipeline
Air
Special purpose
Conveyor belt
Cable System
44
Mode of TransportationThe transportation system is further categorized into four major subsystems according to the medium on which the flow elements are supported.
The four major subsystems are:• Land transport
• Water transport
• Air transport
• Continuous flow system
45
TRANSPORTATION MODAL CHARACTERISTIC
Road Characteristic• Highway Transportation• Railway Transportation• Inland Water Transport• Urban Transportation
• Door to door service• Giving free to user
• Easy to developed
46
Railway Transportation• Saving energy• Complicated Regulation• High Capacity
Sea Transportation• High Capacity• Indirectly service (No door to door)• Low Speed
47
Air Transportation ASDP Transportation
High Capacity Saving Energy
Complicated Regulation
High Capacity
High Technology Simple technology
High Safety
48
TRANSPORTATION MODAL DEVELOPMENT
Air Transportation Modal• Air network development• Airport development• Air infrastructure and facilities development
Sea Transportation Modal• Sea network development• Port and Harbor development• Sea infrastructure and facilities development
49
Road Transportation1. Highway Transportation Modal
• Network development• Network increasing function• Terminal development• Public transport development
2. Railway Transportation Modal• Railway network development• Train facility development• Signaling development
50
Inland Water TransportationRiver and inland water developmentIncreasing river and inland water transportation facilities and infrastructure
Other Transportation Modals(usually used for good transportation)
Conveyor belt Pipe Cable
51
Land Transport
Highways
Rail Transport
Highways• A rubber-tired wheel on smooth, firm roadway features
the technology used by auto, trucks, buses, bicycles, motorcycles, taxis, etc.
Railways• Flanged-wheel-on-rail (steel wheeled or rubber wheeled).
• Railroads, rail transit (MRT, MTR, METRO, etc.) tram.
52
Land TransportLand Transport
53
54
The Ximen station, one of the stations of Metro Taipei.
55
56
57
58
Bangkok BRTBangkok BRT
59
Bangkok BRTBangkok BRT
60
Tap-Tap Cab (Haiti)
61
Railway: Personal Rapid Transit System
62
Technology and Transportation
63
Pedestrian & Transportation
64
Water Transport
Natural or artificial channels and bodies of water serve as roadways.
ships, barges, pleasure craft, submarines, etc.
65
66
Air TransportUse of air space at a more than nominal height above the ground.
Example: jet, helicopter, VTOL (vertical-takeoff-and-landing), STOL (steep).
67
Continuous Flow Systems
Pipelines
Provides transportation for water, sewage, petroleum, gas, stream, heat, etc.
Belts, cables.
Conveyors- people movers, escalator, etc.
68
Evaluation to Transportation Modal
Operation Operator Capacity
Road Difficult Many Low
Sea Medium Few High
Air Easy Moderate Medium
69
Transportation System Improvement Aspect
xxx = very important to improve xx = important to improvex = less important to improve
Service Cost Maintenance
Safety Environment And
Energy
Human Resource
Institution
Road xxx x xxx xxx xxx x xx
Sea xx xx xx x x x xxx
Air xx xxx xx x x xx xx
70
Elements of Transportation System
4 Major Components or Elements of Transport
The vehicle or carrier or unit of carriage
The motive power or unit propulsion
The way
The terminal
4 Major Components or Elements of Transport
The vehicle or carrier or unit of carriage
The motive power or unit propulsion
The way
The terminal
71
The Vehicle or CarrierEvery mode of transport must have a unit of carriage in which the goods or passengers actually move (acts as a carrying unit for the conveyance of passengers and/or freight).
• Passenger carrier
• Freight carrier.
Cars, buses, airplane,
trucks, ships, etc.
72
Motive Power
is necessary to propel or drive the carrier
natural or man-made power
wind combustion power
Gravity jet propulsion
animal electric drive
human muscle steam power
etc. etc.
73
The Way The way is defined as the medium on or through which the transport unit travels in performing its function.
3 Classifications:• natural ways: air, open sea, river, etc.
• artificially improved natural ways: canals, etc.
• artificial ways: roads, tracks, etc.
74
The TerminalPlaces where interchange between different vehicles of • same mode of transport
• between different modes of transport can take place.
Terminal range in size from a simple roadside bus stop to huge complex of a major port.
75
LEVEL OF SERVICE
Introduction and ConceptLevel of service is determined by the comparison between transport facilities and infrastructure conditions:• Infrastructure
Comparison between volume and capacity (vehicle/hour)
• FacilityComparison between number of passenger and vehicle capacity (seat)
76
Transportation modals competition level are depends on:D SpeedD Door to door service ability
Transportation modal usage are depends on: D DistanceD Journey time
77
Level of Service
Level of service is depends on:Road network facilitiesTransport modal availableControl and communicationOther Facilities (ambulance, fire fighter, police patrol, post, etc)
Service cost level is depends on city size and number of resident
78
Urban TransportationTransport Management
Ramp Meteringcontra flowCity zoning Flex – time/staggered work hoursRestricted accessRegulation of parkingDemand responsive public transport (special service)
79
80
URBAN TRANSPORTATION
Background
Resident area which is near from harbor, river, or lake are become a city
City grows along the railway and highway side
City grows along the main road
City center grow become CBD (Central Business District)
8181
Congestion and Pollution
Disintegrated operational systemDisintegrated operational system Danger, uncomfortable, high costDanger, uncomfortable, high cost Government regulation on public Government regulation on public
transport only issuestransport only issues
Private vehicle usage
Decreased productivity
TRANSPORTATION PROBLEMSTRANSPORTATION PROBLEMSTRANSPORTATION PROBLEMSTRANSPORTATION PROBLEMS
82
Urban Transportation Modal
Walking is the main modal
Other modals:
1. Private Vehicle
a. Alone
b. With passenger
c. Car pooling
2. Van pooling/Para transit
some people rent a car
83
3. Taxi
Users are:
• Tourist
• Visitors
• Businessman
4. Non mass transit:
• School bus
• Employer bus
• Difable or children bus, etc.
84
5. Light rail (electric street car)6. Rail rapid transit (mass rapid transit)7. Commuter (regional) rail system 8. Air and water services
• Helicopter• Ferry
Modal CombinationPark – and – ride Private car – park – public transportationKiss – and – ridePrivate car passenger dropped off at terminal
85
PUBLIC TRANSPORT
1. Characteristics of public transport
High demand for public transport
Passenger desire:
- Short duration for waiting time and journey time
- Seat availability
86
2. Group of public transportation operatorsa. National or local company
Government company or co-operationStandard service routeStandard service system
b. Private company Special service routeSpecial service systemDisintegrated with other public transportation
87
3. Public transport classificationa. Based on service:
• Basis system• Supplement system
b. Based on function:• Connecting• Spreading
c. Based on service route:• Short distance• Long distance
d. Based on service area:• Urban area• Regional area
88
89
Transportation System Classification
Route level Bus stop Name
300 km 150 km International system
80 – 300 km 50 km National system
30 – 800 km 20 km Interregional system
30 km 3 km Regional system
Resident area 0.8 km Urban system
90
91
GOVERNMENT STEPS TO SOLVE THE URBAN TRANSPORTATION PROBLEM ARE :
Development Program
MACRO TRANSPORTATION PATTERN
Case of Jakarta
Which is combine 4 Public Transportation System
1.1. Bus PriorityBus Priority (ie: busway) (ie: busway)2.2. LRTLRT (Light Rail Transit) (Light Rail Transit)3.3. MRTMRT (Mass Rapid Transit) (Mass Rapid Transit)4.4. ASDPASDP (River or Lake Public Transport) (River or Lake Public Transport)
92
Mass Transport CharacteristicMass Transport Characteristic(Velocity, Construction Cost, Capacity)(Velocity, Construction Cost, Capacity)
Modal TypeVelocity Cost Capacity
km/hour Million USD/km route/hour-lane
1 MRT Mix 10–120,5-2,5
15.000
Excl. 15–30 35.000
2 Train Mix 10-12 3-5 12.000
3 Light Train 15-25 12-25 18.000-40.000
4 Metro Surface 30-35 30-40 20.000-50.000
5 Metro Subway 30-35 85-105 25.000-70.000
93
130 vehicles with 160 passengers!
Too much empty chair on the way!85 passengers x 2 buses = 170 passengers!!
Compare with
94
1.1. Bus Priority System Bus Priority System (example: Trans Jakarta)(example: Trans Jakarta)
Since January 15, 2004 on first corridor(Blok M - Kota: 12,9 km)
Until 2010 will developed become 14 corridors (159 km)
95
0 2.5
kilometers
5
Pasar MingguPasar MingguPasar MingguPasar MingguPasar MingguPasar MingguPasar MingguPasar MingguPasar Minggu
Kampung MelayuKampung MelayuKampung MelayuKampung MelayuKampung MelayuKampung MelayuKampung MelayuKampung MelayuKampung Melayu
ManggaraiManggaraiManggaraiManggaraiManggaraiManggaraiManggaraiManggaraiManggarai
Pulo GadungPulo GadungPulo GadungPulo GadungPulo GadungPulo GadungPulo GadungPulo GadungPulo Gadung
CiledugCiledugCiledugCiledugCiledugCiledugCiledugCiledugCiledug
KalideresKalideresKalideresKalideresKalideresKalideresKalideresKalideresKalideres
Tanah AbangTanah AbangTanah AbangTanah AbangTanah AbangTanah AbangTanah AbangTanah AbangTanah Abang
Blok MBlok MBlok MBlok MBlok MBlok MBlok MBlok MBlok M
Lebak BulusLebak BulusLebak BulusLebak BulusLebak BulusLebak BulusLebak BulusLebak BulusLebak Bulus Pinang RantiPinang RantiPinang RantiPinang RantiPinang RantiPinang RantiPinang RantiPinang RantiPinang Ranti
KlenderKlenderKlenderKlenderKlenderKlenderKlenderKlenderKlender
Rawa MangunRawa MangunRawa MangunRawa MangunRawa MangunRawa MangunRawa MangunRawa MangunRawa Mangun
SenenSenenSenenSenenSenenSenenSenenSenenSenen
Muara AngkeMuara AngkeMuara AngkeMuara AngkeMuara AngkeMuara AngkeMuara AngkeMuara AngkeMuara Angke
Tanjung PriokTanjung PriokTanjung PriokTanjung PriokTanjung PriokTanjung PriokTanjung PriokTanjung PriokTanjung Priok
Kp. RambutanKp. RambutanKp. RambutanKp. RambutanKp. RambutanKp. RambutanKp. RambutanKp. RambutanKp. Rambutan
GrogolGrogolGrogolGrogolGrogolGrogolGrogolGrogolGrogolRawa BuayaRawa BuayaRawa BuayaRawa BuayaRawa BuayaRawa BuayaRawa BuayaRawa BuayaRawa Buaya
Pondok GedePondok GedePondok GedePondok GedePondok GedePondok GedePondok GedePondok GedePondok Gede
KotaKotaKotaKotaKotaKotaKotaKotaKota
PulogebangPulogebangPulogebangPulogebangPulogebangPulogebangPulogebangPulogebangPulogebang
Tahun 2003 - 2010Tahun 2003 - 2010Tahun 2003 - 2010Tahun 2003 - 2010Tahun 2003 - 2010Tahun 2003 - 2010Tahun 2003 - 2010Tahun 2003 - 2010Tahun 2003 - 2010
Usulan Tahapan Pengembangan BuspriorityUsulan Tahapan Pengembangan BuspriorityUsulan Tahapan Pengembangan BuspriorityUsulan Tahapan Pengembangan BuspriorityUsulan Tahapan Pengembangan BuspriorityUsulan Tahapan Pengembangan BuspriorityUsulan Tahapan Pengembangan BuspriorityUsulan Tahapan Pengembangan BuspriorityUsulan Tahapan Pengembangan Buspriority
Bandara Udara
Pelabuhan
Terminal Bis
TolMRT/KRL Jabodetabek/LRT
Phase IPhase IIIPhase IIPhase IVPhase VPhase VIPhase VIIPhase VIIIPhase IX
Busway Route Design (2003 – 2010)1. Koridor Blok M – Kota
2. Koridor Pulo Gebang - Pulo. Gadung – Bundaran HI3. Koridor Rawa Buaya – Grogol – Harmoni/ Juanda
4. Koridor Pulo Gebang – Pulo Gadung - Tanah Abang5. Koridor Kampung Melayu – Ancol
6. Koridor Kampung Melayu – Cideng7. Koridor Pasar Minggu - Manggarai
8. Koridor Ciledug – Cawang9. Koridor Kp. Rambutan – Kp. Melayu
10. Koridor Warung Jati – Menteng11. Koridor Tomang – Harmoni – Ps. Baru
12. Koridor PuloGebang – Kp. Melayu13. Koridor Senayan – Pejompongan
14. Koridor Lebak Bulus – Kebayoran Lama15. Koridor Pulo Gebang – Pulo Gadung
1. Koridor Blok M – Kota
96
PUBLIC PUBLIC ENTHUSIASTICENTHUSIASTICPUBLIC PUBLIC ENTHUSIASTICENTHUSIASTIC
97
Minggu I
Minggu II
Minggu III
Minggu IV
Minggu V
Minggu VI
Minggu VII
Minggu VIII
-
10,000.00
20,000.00
30,000.00
40,000.00
50,000.00
60,000.00
INCREASING TO DAILY PASSENGER (February-INCREASING TO DAILY PASSENGER (February-March 2004)March 2004)
INCREASING TO DAILY PASSENGER (February-INCREASING TO DAILY PASSENGER (February-March 2004)March 2004)
98-
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
Minggu I Minggu II Minggu III Minggu IV Minggu V Minggu VI Minggu VII Minggu VIII
Rata-rata Libur
Rata-rata hari kerja
INCREASING TO AVERAGE OF DAILY INCREASING TO AVERAGE OF DAILY PESSENGER (February-March 2004)PESSENGER (February-March 2004)INCREASING TO AVERAGE OF DAILY INCREASING TO AVERAGE OF DAILY PESSENGER (February-March 2004)PESSENGER (February-March 2004)
99
Pasar MingguPasar MingguPasar MingguPasar MingguPasar MingguPasar MingguPasar MingguPasar MingguPasar Minggu
Kampung MelayuKampung MelayuKampung MelayuKampung MelayuKampung MelayuKampung MelayuKampung MelayuKampung MelayuKampung Melayu
ManggaraiManggaraiManggaraiManggaraiManggaraiManggaraiManggaraiManggaraiManggarai
Pulo GadungPulo GadungPulo GadungPulo GadungPulo GadungPulo GadungPulo GadungPulo GadungPulo Gadung
CiledugCiledugCiledugCiledugCiledugCiledugCiledugCiledugCiledug
KalideresKalideresKalideresKalideresKalideresKalideresKalideresKalideresKalideres
Tanah AbangTanah AbangTanah AbangTanah AbangTanah AbangTanah AbangTanah AbangTanah AbangTanah Abang
Blok MBlok MBlok MBlok MBlok MBlok MBlok MBlok MBlok M
Lebak BulusLebak BulusLebak BulusLebak BulusLebak BulusLebak BulusLebak BulusLebak BulusLebak Bulus Pinang RantiPinang RantiPinang RantiPinang RantiPinang RantiPinang RantiPinang RantiPinang RantiPinang Ranti
KlenderKlenderKlenderKlenderKlenderKlenderKlenderKlenderKlender
Rawa MangunRawa MangunRawa MangunRawa MangunRawa MangunRawa MangunRawa MangunRawa MangunRawa Mangun
SenenSenenSenenSenenSenenSenenSenenSenenSenen
Muara AngkeMuara AngkeMuara AngkeMuara AngkeMuara AngkeMuara AngkeMuara AngkeMuara AngkeMuara Angke
Tanjung PriokTanjung PriokTanjung PriokTanjung PriokTanjung PriokTanjung PriokTanjung PriokTanjung PriokTanjung Priok
Kp. RambutanKp. RambutanKp. RambutanKp. RambutanKp. RambutanKp. RambutanKp. RambutanKp. RambutanKp. Rambutan
GrogolGrogolGrogolGrogolGrogolGrogolGrogolGrogolGrogolRawa BuayaRawa BuayaRawa BuayaRawa BuayaRawa BuayaRawa BuayaRawa BuayaRawa BuayaRawa Buaya
Pondok GedePondok GedePondok GedePondok GedePondok GedePondok GedePondok GedePondok GedePondok Gede
KotaKotaKotaKotaKotaKotaKotaKotaKota
PulogebangPulogebangPulogebangPulogebangPulogebangPulogebangPulogebangPulogebangPulogebang
Keterangan :
Jaringan Trayek Bus Patas
Jaringan Trayek Bus Patas AC
Jaringan Trayek Bus Reguler
Jaringan Trayek Mikrolet
Busway Corridor
Terminal Bus
Feeder 1
Feeder 2
Feeder 3
Feeder 4
Feeder 5
Feeder 6
Feeder 7
Feeder 8
Feeder 9
Feeder 10
Feeder 11
Feeder 12
Transfer Point
FEEDER SERVICES BUSWAY CONCEPTFEEDER SERVICES BUSWAY CONCEPTFEEDER SERVICES BUSWAY CONCEPTFEEDER SERVICES BUSWAY CONCEPT
100
FEEDER BUS SERVICESFEEDER BUS SERVICESFEEDER BUS SERVICESFEEDER BUS SERVICES
101
Term
inal
Kal
ider
es
Bala
i Kot
a
Stas
iun
Juan
da
Stasiun Kota
Ps. C
engk
aren
g
Grogo
l
Monas Central Busway
Blok M
Stas
iun
Sene
n
Term
inal
Pul
ogad
ung
Lapangan Banteng
Stasiun Gambir
1
2
Cem
paka
Put
ihCity Centers and Intermodal Transfer points
Kalideres – Monas CB Line
Pulogadung – Monas CB Line
Blok M – Kota Line
CORRIDOR 2 and 3CORRIDOR 2 and 3CORRIDOR 2 and 3CORRIDOR 2 and 3
102
103
104
HALTERS. MEDIROS
HALTEPULOMAS
HALTEASMI
BUS STATION DESIGN
HALTEGADING
HALTEPS.PEDONGKELAN
OT
OT
OT
OT
400 m Catchment Area Bus Station
Bus Station (halte)
HALTEXXX
Exclusive Lane
Mixed Traffic
TERMINALPULOGADUNG
105 HALTEPULOMAS
HALTEASMI
HALTEYARSI
HALTELIPPO
HALTEPS. CEMP. PUTIH
HALTERAWA SELATAN
BUS STATION DESIGN
HALTEPS.PEDONGKELAN
HALTECEMPAKA MAS
OT
OT
OT
HALTEGALUR
400 m Catchment Area Bus Station
Bus Station (halte)
HALTEXXX
Exclusive Lane
Mixed Traffic
106
HALTEATRIUM
HALTEPS. SENEN
HALTEKWITANG
HALTEPECENONGAN HALTE
JUANDA
HALTEISTIQLAL
HALTEGAMBIR 1
HALTEMERD. SELATAN
HALTELAP.BANTENG
HALTEPETOJO
BUS STATION DESIGN
400 m Catchment Area Bus Station
Bus Station (halte)
HALTEXXX
Exclusive Lane
Mixed Traffic
HALTEGAMBIR 2
HALTERSPAD
HALTEDEPLU
HALTEHARMO
NI
MONAS BUSWAY CENTRAL
HALTEPS.BARU
107
HALTEPESAKIH
HALTERAWA BUAYA
HALTESUMUR BOR
TERMINAL & BUS STATION DESIGN
TERMINAL KALIDERES
OT
OT
400 m Catchment Area Bus Station
Bus Station (halte)
HALTEXXX
Exclusive Lane
Mixed Traffic
OT
108
• As start point for public transport reformation in Jakarta
• Efficient and effective
• Evidence the local government support to public transport user.
• As education facilities for traffic discipline
• Inviting private vehicle user to use public transport
OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVES
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(Traffic Restraints)
1. 3 in 12. Plate Number3. Road Pricing4. Etc.
110
Kampung MelayuKampung MelayuKampung MelayuKampung MelayuKampung MelayuKampung MelayuKampung MelayuKampung MelayuKampung Melayu
ManggaraiManggaraiManggaraiManggaraiManggaraiManggaraiManggaraiManggaraiManggarai
Pulo GadungPulo GadungPulo GadungPulo GadungPulo GadungPulo GadungPulo GadungPulo GadungPulo GadungTanah AbangTanah AbangTanah AbangTanah AbangTanah AbangTanah AbangTanah AbangTanah AbangTanah Abang
Blok MBlok MBlok MBlok MBlok MBlok MBlok MBlok MBlok M
KlenderKlenderKlenderKlenderKlenderKlenderKlenderKlenderKlender
Rawa MangunRawa MangunRawa MangunRawa MangunRawa MangunRawa MangunRawa MangunRawa MangunRawa Mangun
SenenSenenSenenSenenSenenSenenSenenSenenSenen
GrogolGrogolGrogolGrogolGrogolGrogolGrogolGrogolGrogol
KotaKotaKotaKotaKotaKotaKotaKotaKota
kilometerskilometers
Traffic Restraint AreaTraffic Restraint Area
Kampung MelayuKampung MelayuKampung MelayuKampung MelayuKampung MelayuKampung MelayuKampung MelayuKampung MelayuKampung Melayu
ManggaraiManggaraiManggaraiManggaraiManggaraiManggaraiManggaraiManggaraiManggarai
Pulo GadungPulo GadungPulo GadungPulo GadungPulo GadungPulo GadungPulo GadungPulo GadungPulo GadungTanah AbangTanah AbangTanah AbangTanah AbangTanah AbangTanah AbangTanah AbangTanah AbangTanah Abang
Blok MBlok MBlok MBlok MBlok MBlok MBlok MBlok MBlok M
KlenderKlenderKlenderKlenderKlenderKlenderKlenderKlenderKlender
Rawa MangunRawa MangunRawa MangunRawa MangunRawa MangunRawa MangunRawa MangunRawa MangunRawa Mangun
SenenSenenSenenSenenSenenSenenSenenSenenSenen
GrogolGrogolGrogolGrogolGrogolGrogolGrogolGrogolGrogol
KotaKotaKotaKotaKotaKotaKotaKotaKota
Keterangan:
Phase I
Phase IIIPhase IV
Phase II
Jaringan MRT
Stasiun KA
Bus Priority 2010
Jaringan Trayek Utama
Bus Priority 2007
Jalan Tol
Stasiun Bus
kilometerskilometers
Mangga Dua Selatan
Gunung Sahari
Salemba
Moh.Husni Thamrin
Petamburan
Rel Serpong-Jakarta
Pekojan
Bendungan Hilir
Rasuna Said
Kampung Melayu Besar
Jatinegara
Senen
Mampang PrapatanTrunojoyo
Asia Afrika
111
2.2. Light Rail Transit (LRT)Light Rail Transit (LRT)
3.3. Mass Rapid Transit (MRT)Mass Rapid Transit (MRT)
Development Planning:
• LRT : Monorail (2004)
• MRT : Subway (depend on center government
preparation in finance)
112
0 2.5
kilometers
5
Kab Tangerang
Kota Bekasi
Kab. Bogor
Kota TangerangKota TangerangKota TangerangKota TangerangKota TangerangKota TangerangKota TangerangKota TangerangKota Tangerang
Kab. BogorKab. BogorKab. BogorKab. BogorKab. BogorKab. BogorKab. BogorKab. BogorKab. Bogor
Kota BekasiKota BekasiKota BekasiKota BekasiKota BekasiKota BekasiKota BekasiKota BekasiKota Bekasi
Kab BekasiKab BekasiKab BekasiKab BekasiKab BekasiKab BekasiKab BekasiKab BekasiKab Bekasi
Kota DepokKota DepokKota DepokKota DepokKota DepokKota DepokKota DepokKota DepokKota Depok
Kab TangerangKab TangerangKab TangerangKab TangerangKab TangerangKab TangerangKab TangerangKab TangerangKab Tangerang Koridor Angkutan Umum MassalKoridor Angkutan Umum Massal
Rambutan
Pinang RantiPondok Gede
Bekasi
Pulogebang
KlenderKp.Melayu
Rawamangun
PulogadungSenen
Tj.PriokAngke
Sta. Kota
Grogol
Kalideres
Rawa Buaya
Ciledug
Blok M
Lebak Bulus
Pasar Minggu
Tangerang
Manggarai
1
Duri – BekasiLRT 2005-2012
Fatmawati-KotaMRT/Subway 2005-
2012
Rel PT.KAI
Kp.Rambutan-Tj.Priok
LRT 2010-2018
LRT/MonorailPhase I
23
LRT/MonorailPhase II
LRT/MonorailPhase II
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Banjir Kanal TimurCipinang-Laut : 23.6 km
Cakung DrainCakung Barat - Laut : 11.9 km
BuaranCakung Barat – Duren Sawit : 4.3 km
Sodetan Ciliwung - BKTBidara Cina – Cipinang Bsr.Sel : 2.4 km Banjir Kanal Selatan
Karet Tengsin-Cipinang Cempedak : 9.6 km
Banjir Kanal BaratPetamburan-Kapuk Muara : 9.2 km
4. River Transportation 4. River Transportation SystemSystem
114
Workshop of Transportation System in GMU
Objective : to understand daily transportation system in Gadjah Mada University
Exercise :
Each group consist of 5 -10 students
1. Find transportation problem in GMU area
2. Find type of modal which is used by student in GMU area
115
3. Find the road which is used by motorized and non motorized user (traffic assignment)
4. Find traffic pattern in GMU area
5. Present and discuss the result
116
117
REGIONAL TRANSPORT
Transportation and development:
• To open an area (trade follows the ship)
• To develop an area (ship follows the trade)
118
Opening or development area is caused economy activityEconomy activity will cause origin and destination increaseMore origin and destination will cause mobility increase
There are two ways to opening or development area especially for areas in Indonesia:
• National transportation system• Regional transportation system
119
IX. GOODS TRANSPORTATION
Consist of:a. Dry goodsb. Liquidc. General goods
Good transportation characteristic:
High capacity
(example: truck, train, ship)
120
Low speed
Loading or unloading area
Goods transportation based on the goal:
Urban goods transportation
Inter urban goods transportation
International goods transportation
121
SAFETY PROBLEMS IN TRANSPORT
1. Introduction
3 activities which is correlate with the policy of
traffic safety:
a. Activities which is correlate with traffic accident
example: seat belt, drinking and driving
b. Activities which is correlate with the policy
example: enforcement, campaign
c. Problem magnitude or nature
122
2. Approach Indicator requirement:a) Correlate with traffic safetyb) Can be determined easilyc) Can be calculatedd) Can be compared
Problem areas more specific
Activity Problem Orientation
123
To determine problem areas, there are 2 approach:a. In case of indicator numberb. In case of indicator supporting data
a + b fact, magnitude + nature
124
Indicator usage for comparison a. Magnitude from the problemb. Nature from the problemc. Related time in magnitude and nature
Problem areas based on classification and safety
125
3. Indicator • Operational concept• Indication comparison produce level of
accident
4. Data of Indicator• Hospital• Police• DLLAJR/PU
3 indicators which is used:a. Magnitudeb. Riskc. Vulnerability
126
5. Decision Making Model
127
6. Problem Identification
a. Risk magnitude relation• User type• Age group• User type age combination
b. Relationship between magnitude and vulnerability
z = heavy vehiclep = carm = motorcycleb = mopedf = cyclev = pedestrian
128
safe for their children as well as themselves a place where people have freedom of movement a quiet place devoid of through traffic a place where vehicles travel slowly, sharing the space
with pedestrians and bicyclists
Streets serve many functions They may provide for on-street parking, circulation, or
access to properties for owners, visitors, service and emergency vehicles
Children play there; neighbors meet and socialize there People use streets as an extension of their yards Streets are not freeways Residents expect their streets to be:
Background
The term traffic calming is a translation of the German word verkehrsberuhigung which was associated during the 1970s with a planning philosophy that residential neighborhoods should be designed to give preference to residents rather than to the automobile
The concepts of livable communities and neotraditional urban design are often used as the larger context for this objective
Traffic calming strategies can encompass a wide variety of options that include
simple traffic control actionssimple traffic control actions, such as the use of stop signs, striping and turning restrictions, automobile-free zones including pedestrian and transit malls, as well as regulatory policies, enforcement strategies, parking regulations, and community design principles
ITE defines traffic calming in a more restricted sense as
“The combination of mainly physical measures that reduce the negative effects of motor vehicle use, alter driver behavior and improve conditions for non-motorized street users”
Improve safety for people, especially children, by controlling conflict points, reducing vehicle speeds and vehicle volumes
Improve safety for people, especially children, by controlling conflict points, reducing vehicle speeds and vehicle volumes
Create a green and inviting streetscapeCreate a green and inviting streetscape
Improve the physical environment by lowering vehicle generated noise, pollution, and disruption
Improve the physical environment by lowering vehicle generated noise, pollution, and disruption
In Europe and Australia, traffic calming techniques began in 1970 and are now into their second and third generation
In Europe and Australia, traffic calming techniques began in 1970 and are now into their second and third generation
Their effectiveness has been proven and many now appear to be part of the original street design rather than an afterthought
Their effectiveness has been proven and many now appear to be part of the original street design rather than an afterthought
To reach this position, there was strong desire to change the balance, to experiment, to learn from others, and to do the “right thing” for all people
To reach this position, there was strong desire to change the balance, to experiment, to learn from others, and to do the “right thing” for all people
Since each location has its own problems and needs, new and improved devices were, and are still, being developed
Since each location has its own problems and needs, new and improved devices were, and are still, being developed
The range is expanding and is only limited by our imagination
Three simple techniques can prevent the need for retrofitting of traffic calming devices:
Construct mixed developments services by a fine-grained road network of narrow streets
Keep the streets to less than 0.5 km (quarter mile) so drivers have no incentive to speed
Make most roads intersect at Tee intersections or control four-way intersections with roundabouts. This will reduce the number of potential conflicts
No. of Conflicting Points after convert to ONE-WAYNo. of Conflicting Points after convert to ONE-WAY
(A ) 20 จุ� ด ขั� ด แ ย้� ง จุ� ด
(B ) 5 จุ� ด ขั� ด แ ย้� ง จุ� ด (C ) 1 จุ� ด ขั� ด แ ย้� ง จุ� ด
20 Cross Conflicting 20 Cross Conflicting PointsPoints
Only 5 Conflicting Points
Only 1 Conflicting
Point
Local Street
Treatment away from Intersection
Mid Block Closure
Squeeze Points
One Lane with Passing Bay
Local Street
One Lane with Indented Parking Bays
Road Humps
Curved Pavement
Treatment away from Intersection
Treatment at Intersection
Full Closure
Diagonal Diverter
Pavement Narrowing
Half Closure
Selected Movements Only
Selected Movements Only
Treatment at Intersection
Roundabout
Distinctive Paving
Islands
Closed Median Opening
Treatment at Intersection
Semi-DivertersChokers /
Narrowings
Treatment at Intersection
Diagonal-Diverters
Cul-de-sac /Full Closure
Alignment of the approach and design of corner radii can encourage left-turn-only movements and discourage undesirable right turns.
Treatment at driveways
Treatment at driveways
Raised traffic islands can block through movements or undesirable turning movements without hindering other intersection movements.
Treatment at driveways
Raised medians block right turns to and from minor streets or driveways. Such treatment may be appropriate at locations where right turns are dangerous or cause congestion.
Treatment at driveways
Placement of median channelization and design of corner radii can effectively discourage dangerous wrong way movements onto freeway ramps without hindering other intended movements.
Conventional and Modified Local Streets
Traffic Circles
Roundabouts
Roundabouts
Roundabouts
Roundabouts
Roundabouts
Roundabouts
BeforeBefore After(May 2004)After(May 2004)
Courtesy by Prof. Kyung Soo Chon Seoul National University
Chicane
Chicane
Chicane
Chicane
Chicane
Land Narrowing / Chokers
Land Narrowing / Chokers
Land Narrowing / Chokers
Land Narrowing / Chokers
Land Narrowing / Chokers
Land Narrowing / Chokers
Example of
Case Study
Courtesy by Prof. Kyung Soo Chon Seoul National University
170
ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT
Relationship between transportation environment and energy
• Transport need energy• Transport produce pollution
171Relationship between transportation environment and energy
172
HUMAN RESOURCES
Role of human resources in transportation area:
Very essential to understand transportation system in existing conditionHuman Source can be divided into:• Operational as
operator• Planning/designing as
planner
173
Role of Transport institution
Institution – private sector - operatorInstitution – government - planner, designer regulator
174
175
Human Resources based on Education Level
Education Level Bappeda DPU DTK DLLAJR
1. Master/ S2 - - 1 -
2. Sarjana/S1 22 4 10 5
3. Diploma/D3 9 4 4 6
4. SMA/Senior High School
19 26 42 38
5. SMP/Junior High School
1 9 - 4
6. SD/Elementary School
5 6 1 11
Total 56 49 58 64
176
Human Resources base on Management
Educational Level Bappeda DPU DTK DLLAJR
1. Senior management 2 1 1 1
2. Middle management 4 3 5 0
3. Junior management 18 0 13 4
4. Technician 8 41 32 53
5. Non technical 24 7 7 6
6. Other staff 0 0 0 0
Total 56 52 58 64
177
RULES AND REGULATION IN
TRANSPORT SYSTEM To regulate system of transportation
Straightening of law is needed to keep the rules
Minister Decision is needed to apply the rules
• Speed limit
• Rule of turn moving
Example:
• Traffic rule (UUD Lalulintas)
• Train rule (UUD Kereta Api)
• etc.
178
TRAFFIC DISCIPLINE WORKSHOP
Objective: to make discipline culture
to reduce traffic accident
Exercise:
Each group consist of 5 – 10 students
Student task:
1. Explain about traffic accident background
2. Understand about traffic discipline
179
3. Determine accident area in Yogyakarta
4. Present and discuss the problem
5. Solve the problem
180
Courtesy by Prof. Kyung Soo Chon Seoul National University
Courtesy by Prof. Kyung Soo Chon Seoul National UniversityCourtesy by Prof. Kyung Soo Chon Seoul National University
Courtesy by Prof. Kyung Soo Chon Seoul National University
Courtesy by Prof. Kyung Soo Chon Seoul National University
BEFOREBEFOREBEFOREBEFORE
AFTERAFTERAFTERAFTER
184
Thank you