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Transna&onal Founda&ons for Ethical Prac&ce in Interven&ons Against Violence Against Women and Child Abuse

Transna&onal)Founda&ons)for) EthicalPrac&ceinIntervenons ......Transna&onal)Founda&ons)for) EthicalPrac&ceinIntervenons Against)Violence)Against)Women) and)Child)Abuse!

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Page 1: Transna&onal)Founda&ons)for) EthicalPrac&ceinIntervenons ......Transna&onal)Founda&ons)for) EthicalPrac&ceinIntervenons Against)Violence)Against)Women) and)Child)Abuse!

Transna&onal  Founda&ons  for  Ethical  Prac&ce  in  Interven&ons  Against  Violence  Against  Women  

and  Child  Abuse    

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Why  ethics?  

•  We  share  principles  across  Europe,  but  put  them  into  prac6ce  in  ways  that  fit  different  legal  and  social  welfare  structures  

•  Ethics  as  the  founda6on  for  human  rela6ons  –  underpin  the  dignity  and  integrity  in  human  rights,  and  no6ons  of  the  rela6onal  self  

•  Review  of  ethical  theories  revealed  it  had  limited  purchase  on  ‘interpersonal’  violence  

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Star6ng  points  1    

•  To  enter  the  arenas  of  VAW  and  CAN  is  to  encounter  complex  intersec6ons  of  power  rela6ons:  gender,  genera6on,  race/ethnicity,  na6onality,  faith  

•  A  matrix  of  rights  and  responsibili6es  which  professionals  have  to  navigate    

•  Interven6on:  venire  –  to  go,  inter  –  in-­‐between  or  inside.    Professionals  are  stepping  into  the  lives  of  others,  which  raises  a  set  of  ethical  issues  and  dilemmas  which  also  are  linked  to  power:  of  the  state,  of  belonging  and  knowing  

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Star6ng  points  2  •  The  harms  of  violence  and  abuse    I  develop  and  defend  a  view  of  the  self  as  fundamentally  

 rela5onal  –  capable  of  being  undone  by  violence.    But  also    of  being  remade  in  connec5on  to  others.  (Brison  2002)  

•  Violence  removes  control  over  one’s  body  and  mind,  it  changes  the  internal  sense  of  self  and  our  rela6onships  to  others.      

•  All  interven6on  should  begin  from  a  recogni6on  that  every  subsequent  interac6on  can  be  part  of  re-­‐s6tching  social  connec6ons  or  compound  the  harms.    

•   The  goal  is  not  just  to  protect  from  further  abuse  but  to  expand  ‘space  for  ac6on’,  to  restore  the  freedom/liberty  that  has  been  interfered  with.  

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Contexts  maXer  •  Violence  against  women  or  children  tends  to  be  a  course  of  

conduct,  repeated  over  6me,  rather  than  discrete  ‘incidents’  of  crime      

•  Each  person  has  a  complex  story  which  they  need  to  tell,  to  have  the  abuse  recognised  and  named  and  an  assurance  that  this  should  not  happen  again  in  the  future      

•  For  many  it  may  also  connect  to  other  forms  of  abuse  in  their  lives  –  being  bullied  at  school,  the  everyday  ‘micro  aggressions’  of  sexism  and  racism  -­‐  Micro  aggressions  are  slights,  snubs,  or  insults  which  communicate  hos6le  or  nega6ve  messages  to  a  member  of  a  minority  or  other  non-­‐dominant  group  which  reinforce  stereotypes      

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Ethics  maXer    We  need  to  tread  carefully  to  respect  her  rights  and  just  find  out...    where  she  wants  to  go  next  with  it.  (NGO,  IPV,  E&W)    The  only  thing  they  wanted  me  to  do  was  to  leave  home  and  go  to  a    shelter  but  that  is  so  unfair!  He  is  the  one  who  should  leave  the  house.    (…)  everything  in  my  house  was  bought  with  my  money.    (Woman,  IPV,    PT)  

• Ethics  encompass  ac6on  and  a^tude,    what  we  do  and  how  we  do  it      • A  professional  could  act  with  care  and  respect  yet  s6ll  fail  to  take  any  protec6ve  ac6on,  another  may  be  sharp  and  unsympathe6c  but  take  protec6ve  ac6on      • Ethical  prac6ce  combines  the  two:  respect  for  human  dignity  plus  protec6ve  ac6on  • Everyday  ethics:  are  we  approaching  someone  with  genuine  interest  and  concern,  with  the  inten6on  to  be  fair  and  just,  to  do  more  good  than  we  do  harm?    

 

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Beyond  vic6mism  

•  Kathleen  Barry  (1979)    •  Crea5ng  the  role  and  status  of  the  vic5m  is  the  prac5ce  I  call  

vic5mism.  (…)  she  is  assigned  vic5m  status  and  then  seen  only  in  terms  of  what  has  happened  to  her.  (…)  It  creates  a  framework  for  others  to  know  her  not  as  a  person,  but  as  a  vic5m,  someone  to  whom  violence  has  been  done.    Vic5mism  is  an  objec5fica5on  which  establishes  new  standards  for  defining  experience,  those  standards  dismiss  any  ques5on  of  will,  and  deny  that  the  woman  even  whilst  enduring  sexual  violence  is  a  living,  changing,  growing,  interac5ve  person.    (p38-­‐39)  

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In  connec6on  and  conversa6on  •  Begin  from  an  interest  to  move  in  connec6on  to,  and  conversa6on  with,  the  person  whose  integrity  and  dignity  has  been  violated.    

•  This  conversa6on  is  a  joint  explora6on  of  the  past,  present  and  poten6al  futures  –  what  are  their  hopes  and  jus6ce  goals?      

•  Our  core  responsibility  is  protec6on,  not  simply  to  end  violence,  but  to  support  finding  ways  of  living  beyond  the  harms,  enabling  women  and  young  people  to  remake  the  self  and  (re)build  social  connec6on    

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Ethical  dilemmas  •  To  soon,  too  much,  too  liXle,  too  late  –  whose  6me  scales?    •  When  is  intervening  without  consent  legi6mate?    •  Transparency  -­‐  how  possible  is  it  to  be  honest  and  open  about  

what  may  happen  next?    •  Par6cipa6on  -­‐  how  much  control  and  influence  can  the  

survivor    have  in  the  process?    •  Ethics  are  tools  to  help  us  think  about  these  issues,  and  there  

is  always  a  need  for  support  and  supervision  here  •  Shie  focus  away  from  not  making  mistakes,  only  preven6ng  

the  worst  ,  to  building  trust  and  connec6on  and  enabling  good  outcomes  

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Beyond  ‘cultural  competence’  •  Diversity  of  Europe  –  mul6ple  histories,  values  and  meanings  •  Stereotypes  of  en6re  people/na6onali6es  –  but  are  huge  

varia6ons  of  belief,  iden66es  and  poli6cs  •  Impossible  to  have  even  cursory  knowledge  of  the  range  of  

backgrounds,  histories  and  contexts  that  one  might  encounter  •  Danger  of  viewing  ‘culture’  as  some  fixed,  unchanging  

essence  –  leading  to  aXribu6ons  of  ‘us’  and  ‘them’;  this  implicitly  excludes  minority  children,  families,  women  and  men  from  the  circle  of  trust  and  belonging.      

•  Seeing  minori6sed  women  as  more  likely  to  accept  abuse,    not  even  define  it  as  violence,  but  women  we  interviewed  were  clear  that  behaviour  was  not  acceptable.    They  did  not  believe  it  could  be  stopped,  or  not  know  who  they  could  trust  to  support  them.      

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Professional  curiosity  •  To  be  a  hearer  who  seeks  to  understand  from  another’s  perspec6ve,  to  imagine  what  might  be  troubling  them  and  explore  this  in  conversa6on      

•  Placing  each  woman,  child,  parent  in  the  posi6on  of  a  knower,  a  holder  of  knowledge  about  their  history,  social  loca6on,  cultural  and  social  experiences      

•  Ask  and  engage  -­‐  ensure  you  understand  rather  than  assume.  What  does  it  mean  in  their  context  to  be  a  vic6m?  What  concerns  and  fears  do  they  have  about  engaging  with  state  and  support  agencies?    

•  Informa6onal  self-­‐determina6on    

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Specialist  services    We  sort  of  comfort  each  other  by  hearing  our  stories.      (Woman,  TSE,  E&W)    It  strengthens  you,  where  you  just  feel  now  you  can    breathe  for  yourself  (…)  that  was  the  first  5me  I  felt  safe.      (Woman,  TSE,  E&W)  

• Sensi6vity  to  sugges6ons  that  they  are  worth  less  than  others  because  of  what  has  been  done  to  them  and  who  they  are  perceived  to  be  • Minority  women  may  feel  a  ‘triple  defensiveness’:  about  their  vic6misa6on;  how  their  mothering  will  be  judged;  and  about  being  a  minority  woman.  Specialist  services  run  by  women  from  minori6es  create  a  different  basis  for  interac6on  • Mutual  support  from  others  in  similar  posi6ons  are  where  the  complexi6es  of  loca6on  and  iden66es  can  be  fully  ar6culated  and  recognised  

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Not  one  lens  but  a  kaleidoscope  •  Ethical  engagements  cannot  be  craeed  if  one  is  thinking  only  

through  rules/guidelines.    •  They  must  be  linked  to  the  experiences,  wishes  and  needs  of  

par6cular  persons  •  Joint  considera6on  of  the  intended  and  unintended  

consequences  of  various  courses  of  ac6on  •   Culture/ethnicity  as  one  lens  professionals  look  through  in  

their  search  for  understanding  and  appropriate  interven6ons,  others  –  age,  gender,  disability  –  may  also  be  relevant  

•  Our  lens  needs  to  be  more  like  a  kaleidoscope,  allowing  for  varia6ons  and  changes  of  horizons  between  individuals  and  over  6me      

 

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Last  words  •  She’s  the  one  that  is  there  for  me.  Now  I  am  relaxed  not  like  

before.  (…)  She  knows  everything  about  me...  I  trust  her  that  she  is  not  going  to  let  it  go  (Woman,  TSE,  DE)  

•  Yes,  absolutely,  immediately,  the  first  conversa5on,  I  got  the  impression:  this  lady  listens  to  you,  she's  there  for  you  and  she  believes  you    (Woman,  IPV,  SI)  

•  My  tutor  is  an  incredible  person...  Inside  the  ins5tu5on  she  treats  me  like  anyone  else,  outside  the  ins5tu5on  she  is  a  mother  and  treats  me  as  if  I  was  her  own  daughter.    (Adolescent,  CAN,  PT)  

•  It  was  all  confiden5al  and  private.  They  [NGO]  were  not  sharing  my  personal  maXers  to  anybody  else  –  [which  is]  –  really  important...  they  really  went  deep  down  and  understood.    (Woman,  IPV,  E&W)  

 

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