Translate a Theory of Production

8/15/2019 Translate a Theory of Production

1/29

139 Teori Produksi

TEORI PRODUKSI 1

OLEH

CHARLES W. COBB, Amherst College

PAUL H. DOUGLAS, Un !ers t" o# Ch $%go

1. Pendahuluan - Per&% '%n (rogres # sel%m% &e&er%(% t%h)n ter%'h r *%l%m (eng)')r%n !ol)me

(ro*)'s # s ' * & *%ng m%n)#%'t)r men)n+)''%n 'em)ng' n%n men$o&% 1- )nt)' meng)')r

(er)&%h%n +)ml%h ten%g% 'er+% *%n mo*%l "%ng tel%h * g)n%'%n )nt)' mer)&%h !ol)me &%r%ng, *%n

- )nt)' menent)'%n %(% h)&)ng%n "%ng %*% %nt%r% t g% #%'tor ten%g% 'er+%, mo*%l, *%n (ro*)'.

/ '% (%so'%n ten%g% 'er+% *%n mo*%l rel%t # *%r t%h)n 'e t%h)n *em ' %n *%(%t * (%st '%n, se+)ml%h

m%s%l%h le& h l%n+)t (%st %'%n h%* r *eng%n sol)s "%ng s%m%. 1- B s%'%h ' t% mem(er' r%'%n,

*%l%m &%t%s0&%t%s, %(%'%h n (en ng'%t%n (ro*)'s %*%l%h m)rn 'e&et)l%n, %(%'%h (en"e&%&

)t%m%* se&%&'%n oleh te'n ', *%n gel%r, + '% %*%, * m%n% % meres(on (er)&%h%n ')%nt t%s *%r

ten%g% 'er+% *%n mo*%l

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(ro*)'s ten%g% 'er+% * &%n* ng'%n *eng%n mo*%l

2- Se&%g% (ro(ors ten%g% 'er+% men+%* mo*%l &er)&%h *%r t%h)n 'e t%h)n, %(%'%h m)ng' n )nt)'

men" m()l'%n +)ml%h rel%t # * t%m&%h'%n 'e tot%l (ro*)' # s ' oleh m%s ng0m%s ng )n t 'er+% *%n

%(% "%ng le& h (ent ng m%s h *eng%n )n t %'h r ten%g% 'er+% *%n mo*%l * m%s ng0m%s ng t%h)n n

3)ng' n set *%'n"% (en*e'%t%n h stor s *eng%n teor (en)r)n%n (ro*)'t ! t%s meng)r%ng sel s h

tot%l (ro*)'- mem&er '%n h%s l *%n ter*%(%t $%r% )nt)' )(%"% le& h l%n+)t *%l%m meng%m%n'%n

(er' r%%n ')%nt t%t # )nt)' %s)ms 'e$en*er)ng%n n , + '% mem%ng %*% "%ng h%r)s &er)&%h men+%*

!%l * t%s se+%r%h &%g mere'%

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)nt)' ten%g% 'er+% *%n mo*%l *%n *eng%n *em ' %n mem&er '%n 'e(%st %n "%ng le& h &es%r )nt)' %(%

"%ng s%%t n m)rn se&)%h h (otes s t%n(% n l% ')%nt t%t # "%ng ter'% t

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)n t ten%g% 'er+% *%n mo*%l s%%t &erg%&)ng *eng%n &- st)* tent%ng n l% t)'%r rel%t # )n t # s ' &%r%ng (ro*)'s * t%h)n n *%n * &%n* ng'%n *eng%n $- ger%'%n se&en%rn"% *%r 6n"%t%6 )(%h *

& *%ng m%n)#%'t)r *%n &)ng% r l + '% "%ng ter%'h r *%(%t * (%st '%n-, m)ng' n ' t% meng%m%n'%n

$%h%"% %t%s (ert%n"%%n

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2/29

140 Teori Produksi

A(%'%h "% %t%) t *%' (roses * str &)s * mo*el'%n ser)(% *eng%n n l% 0n l% (ro*)'s

T)l s%n "%ng meng ')t )(%"% men%ng%n (ert%n"%%n0(ert%n"%%n n *%n

)nt)' mem&)%ng $%h%"% (%*% mere'%. T%( se&el)m * l%')'%n, tent) * (erl)'%nn"% mem&%ng)n

n*e's *%r +)ml%h rel%t # ten%g% 'er+% *%n mo*%l "%ng tel%h * g)n%'%n *%n h%l n l%h "%ng * &%h%s

*%l%m *)% &%g %n, men ngg%l'%n &%g %n sel%n+)tn"% )nt)' (erl%')%n h)&)ng%n t m&%l &%l ' "%ng

m)ng' n * tem)'%n.

2. Pertumbuhan Modal Tetap di Manufaktur di Amerika Serikat, 1899-1922 0 Sens)s m%n)#%'t)r

se$%r% &er'%l% term%s)' (ert%n"%%n tent%ng +)ml%h mo*%l "%ng * n!est%s '%n *%l%m &er&%g%

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*%l%m t%m&%h%n mo*%l tet%( *%l%m &ent)' mes n *%n &%ng)n%n, mo*%l 'er+% term%s)' &%h%n &%'),

&%r%ng *%l%m (roses (em&)%t%n *%n &%r%ng +%* * g)*%ng. In +)g% men$%')(

t%n%h. K%ren% ' t% se*%ng &er)s%h% )nt)' meng)')r mo*%l "%ng mem&%nt) *%l%m

(ro*)'s &%r%ng, ' t% h%r)s menge$)%l '%n mo*%l 'er+%, %*%'%h n h%s l *%n &)'%n (en"e&%& *%r

(roses (em&)%t%n K%m +)g% h%r)s menge$)%l '%n n l% t%n%h '%ren% n se&%g %n &es%r ter* r *%r

'en% ''%n "%ng * t%ngg)h'%n. Oleh '%ren% t) ' t% %'%n men$o&% )nt)' meng)')r (er)&%h%n *%l%m

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* ( s%h'%n )nt)' 'elom(o' 0 'elom(o' tertent) (%*% t%h)n 188


3/29

141 Teori Produksi

/)ml%h "%ng *em ' %n tel%h * %ngg%( &er%s%l *%r set %( &ent)' mo*%l *%n (ersent%se "%ng

mem&ent)' *%r +)ml%h mo*%l )nt)' t%h)n * &er '%n "%ng se(ert "%ng * t)n+)''%n (%*% h%l%m%n

149. St%t st ' n mem&er '%n *%s%r )nt)' mem(er' r%'%n n l% 'em)ng' n%n

&ent)'0&ent)' m%n)#%'t)r mo*%l *%l%m t%h)n 'et '% t *%' %*% (em s%h%n &%r%ng "%ng * l%')'%n.

T *%' h%n"% +)ml%h tot%l mo*%l "%ng men ng'%t n%m)n mo*%l tet%( *%t%ng )nt)' mem&ent)'

(ersent%se le& h &es%r *%r +)ml%h "%ng le& h &es%r n .

T%m(%'n"% t%' ter&%nt%h'%n &%h7% &%ng)n%n *%n mes n t *%' men ng'%t se$e(%t (er&%n* ng%n

*eng%n mo*%l 'er+% sel%m% t%h)n *el%(%n ()l)h%n "%ng mere'% l%')'%n sel%m% l m% &el%s t%h)n

"%ng * ')t 1.88< s%%t &%ng)n%n m%+) 12,4015,8 (ersen, %t%) n% ' ,4 (o n, *%n mes n, *ll, 4,20 ;,5,

%t%) 'e)nt)ng%n *%r 2, (o n. In m)'% 9,1: *%n 9, 1 (o n set%h)n, m%s ng0m%s ng. K%m tel%h

meng%s)ms '%n (ert)m&)h%n *%l%m (ro(ors &%ng)n%n ter&ent)' *%r tot%l %*%l%h h%n"% se' t%r se(erem(%t *%r t ng'%t 'e$e(%t%n t%h)n sem& l%n ()l)h%n *%n )nt)' mes n h%n"% se(erl m%. H%l n

%'%n mem&er '%n 12,9 (ersen se&%g% soso' 'em)ng' n%n )nt)' &%ng)n%n (%*% t%h)n 18;< *%n 4,9

(ersen )nt)' mes n, %l%t, *%n (er%l%t%n.

/ '% ' t% mener m% (er' r%%n sens)s 29 (ersen se&%g% (ro(ors * m%n% mes n mem&ent)' *%r tot%l

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(ersen * 1


4/29

142 Teori Produksi

A*% &e&er%(% &)'t "%ng men)n+)''%n &%h7% (er' r%%n tot%l )nt)' ge*)ng 0ge*)ng *%n mes n (%*%

4:,5 (ersen t *%' +%)h *%r &en%r. Dem ' %n 3 sso)r ?eg%r% B ro St%t st ' Ten%g% Ker+%

men)n+)''%n &%h7% (%*% t%h)n 1< 2, 224,; +)t% "%ng * n!est%s '%n * neg%r% t) *%l%m &%ng)n%n

m%n)#%'t)r, mes n, *ll, *%n 58,; +)t% * 6l%(%ng%n.6: . Bes%rn"% mo*%l 'er+% t *%' * &er '%n t%( n

* tet%('%n )nt)' neg%r% se&%g%

'esel)r)h%n oleh #ederal Trade $ommi%%ion * 45,; (ersen *%r tot%l mo*%l.; K%ren% n * *%s%r'%n

(%*% h%s l *%r 54.8: (er)s%h%%n *eng%n mo*%l tot%l 22,:5 m l %r, h%l t) *%(%t * ter m% se&%g%

est m%s n%s on%l ter&% ' "%ng ' t% m l ' . / '% ' t% mener%('%n r%s o n 'e 3 sso)r , ' t% %'%n

men*%(%t'%n 221,1 +)t% %t%) tot%l *eng%n tem l% nn"% *%r ; 4,: +)t%.

Se'%r%ng &%ng)n%n, mes n, *%n (er%l%t%n, se(ert "%ng * n"%t%'%n, * e!%l)%s se$%r% n*e(en*en oleh

st)* 3 sso)r * 224,; +)t% *%n n %'%n men+%* 4:, (ersen *%r tot%l. H%l n h%m( r te(%t

(erset)+)%n *eng%n (er' r%%n 4:,5 (ersen "%ng tel%h '%m &)%t )nt)' mem&ent)' mo*%l (%*% t%h)n

1< . Se+%' +en s m%n)#%'t)r * 3 sso)r t *%' me7%' l 8 'on* s * *%l%m neger se$%r% 'esel)r)h%n,

est m%s '%m *%(%t * %ngg%( (eno(%ng *%n s%m(% st%t st ' "%ng le& h &% ' *%(%t * ')m()l'%n

se&%g% 'em)ng' n%n ter&% ' "%ng * l%')'%n.

6

#out&-fourth Annual 'eport Mi%%ouri (ureau of abor *192+), p. 1

7

@e*er%l Tr%*e Comm ss on, ?%t on%l We%lth %n* In$ome, (. 125. Sen%te Do$. 1 :, :


5/29

143 Teori Produksi

Tet%( %*% n%m)n (erm nt%%n %l%m se(ert %(% n sens)s (engem&%l %n &er%rt *%n &er%(% &%n"%'

*%t% %sl "%ng l%"%'. B%r)0&%r) n ,$en u% (ereau tel%h meng nstr)'s '%n %genn"% )nt)' mel h%t

&%h7% n st%t st ' "%ng * %m& l 6*%l%m se+)ml%h &)').6 A(%'%h n n l% &)') m%'% &er%rt & %"% %sl

*%r &%ng)n%n, mes n, *ll, %t%) & %"% re(ro*)'s P%' L% =erne Be%ls, 'e(%l% st%t st ' *%l%m (ro*)'s ,

"%ng m)ng' n %*%l%h %hl *%l%m & *%ng )m)m n , tel%h men"%t%'%n< &%h7% 6(ro*)sen mem l '

%t)r%n * l%(or'%nn"% mo*%l (%*% *%s%r & %"% %sl *%r (%*% & %"% re(ro*)'s .6

3em%ng &en%r &%h7% B ro Sens)s tel%h ser ng mengel)%r'%n (er ng%t%n terh%*%( (ener m%%n

m(l s t tot%l mo*%l m%n)#%'t)r *%n mem%ng * h l%ng'%n (ert%n"%%n se(ert t) *%r +%*7%l se+%'

1< 1, 1< 2, *%n 1< 5 sens)s. T%( , + '% 'es)l t%n * $ (t%'%n oleh #%'t% &%h7%

n!est%s "%ng * h t)ng *%r seg t ng'%t h%rg% t%h)n "%ng &er&e*% * m%n% mere'% %7%ln"% * &)%t

*%(%t * %t%s , *%n + '% n*e's mo*%l *%(%t 'em)* %n * ')r%ng men+%* *ol%r 'e')%s%%n ()r menge+%r 'onst%n, m%'% %'%n t%m(%' t *%' %*% %l%s%n "%ng &% ' meng%(% *%t% "%ng * h%s l'%n t *%' h%r)s

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+)ml%h m)tl%'. B%h'%n 'ore's "%ng te(%t *%r * stors "%ng * h%s l'%n *eng%n meng)&%h h%rg%

t ng'%t %'%n mengh%()s se&%g %n &es%r 'e&er%t%n "%ng *%(%t * lont%r'%n terh%*%( to'oh0to'oh

se(ert (eng)')r%n *%r +)ml%h tot%l mo*%l. Ter*%(%t *)% m%s%l%h le& h l%n+)t se&el)m ' t% *%(%t

mem&%ng)n ter)s mener)s *%n In*e's se&%n* ng 1- menem)'%n (en ng'%t%n 'em)ng' n%n *

9 Letter to A)thor, O$to&er 2, 1< 5


6/29

144 Teori Produksi

m%s ng0m%s ng nter!ens t%h)n *%n - meng)r%ng &er&%g% 'en% '%n t%&)ng%n *%l%m h%l n l%

t ng'%t h%rg% )m)m.

Se+%' st%t st ' * *%s%r'%n (%*% & %"% %sl , m%s%l%h (ert%m% ter* r %t%s menem)'%n 'en% '%n t%h)n%n

mo*%l *%l%m h%l h%rg% t%h)n t) *%n men%m&%h'%n n 'e n l% 0n l% t%h)n se&el)mn"%. 3eto*e

sel%n+)tn"% %*%l%h, se$%r% s ng'%t 1- Unt)' mem%st '%n )%nt)m "%ng t t es *%r 'omo* t%s &er ')t

* (ro*)'s * set %( t%h)n *%r 18


7/29

145 Teori Produksi

t%h)n tertent) 'em)* %n * t%m&%h'%n &ers%m%0s%m% )nt)' men*%(%t'%n tot%l n l% (ro*)sen &%r%ng

&%r%ng n tern"%t% * set %( t%h)n. 4- ? l% 0n l% n &%r%ng mo*%l "%ng * (ro*)'s %nt%r% *)% t%h)n

sens)s 'em)* %n men$%(% m s%ln"%, 18890188< n'l)s #- *%n n l% )nt)' set %( t%h)n %*%l%h

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"%ng * h%s l'%n sel%m% (er o*e se$%r% 'esel)r)h%n. Persent%se n 'em)* %n * ter%('%n (%*% tot%l

(en ng'%t%n n l% &%ng)n%n *%n mes n sel%m% (er o*e "%ng s%m% *%n * (er' r%'%n t%h)n%n 'en% '%n

n l% &%r%ng0&%r%ng "%ng * (eroleh terse&)t.

Proses n *%(%t * l)str%s '%n se&%g% $ontoh &er ')t. Pen ng'%t%n n l% &%ng)n%n *%n mes n %nt%r%

1.8;< *%n 1.88< %*%l%h 1.429 +)t%. Tot%l n l% )%ng * m%s ng0m%s ng t%h)n &%r%ng mo*%l n *%n

(ersen "%ng m%s ng0m%s ng tot%l t%h)n%n ter&ent)' *%r tot%l )nt)' (er o*e %*%l%h se&%g% &er ')t

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m%s ng0m%s ng (ersent%se n *%n 'em)ng' n%n +)ml%h 'en% '%n t%h)n%n n l% "%ng * (eroleh. In

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1.88


8/29

146 Teori Produksi

)nt)'men*%(%t'%n h%rg% )nt)' *)% 'elom(o' (ert%m% (ro*)' 18890188< 15 se*%ng'%n n*e's B ro

St%t st ' Ten%g% Ker+% * g)n%'%n meto*e t%h)n 18


9/29

147 Teori Produksi

* g%&)ng'%n men+%* r%t%0r%t%. Bo&ot "%ng * g)n%'%n %*%l%h log%m *%n (ro*)' log%m, 4 &%h%n

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'em)* %n * &%g *eng%n n*e's & %"% rel%t # t%h)n%n *%n ser%ng'% %n 'en% '%n 6'em( s6 "%ng

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l% n h%n"% mem(er(%n+%ng *%r 18


10/29

148 Teori Produksi

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11/29

149 Teori Produksi

Penns"l!%n %2. D%r 1


12/29

150 Teori Produksi

Ker+%. Se&)%h s)&st%ns %l 3eto*e ser)(% * g)n%'%n )nt)' menem)'%n +)ml%h 'em)ng' n%n

* g)n%'%n *%l%m set %(

*%r t%h)n %nt%r s%m(% *eng%n 1.


13/29

151 Teori Produksi

mere'% *%r (%*% mem&)%t (er' r%%n #%nt%st ' )nt)' 'e(ent ng%n mere'%. Ket '% mere'% *%(%t

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14/29

152 Teori Produksi

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15/29

153 Teori Produksi

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(er o*e 18


16/29

154 Teori Produksi

2- 3eng ng%t n*e's *%r dan $ , #)ngs P *%(%t * h t)ng *%n *%(%t * &%n* ng'%n *eng%n P (%*%

T%&el =I *%n B%g%n II se&%g% &er ')t


17/29

155 Teori Produksi

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18/29

156 Teori Produksi

s 'l)s *%l%m %r%h "%ng s%m% se(ert h%ln"% P , *eng%n (er&e*%%n n &%h7% os l%s *%r P rel%t #

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)nt)' men ng'%t'%n $ .

Ket '% ' t% mem(ert m&%ng'%n +)g% Ann%ls B sn s se(ert "%ng * &er '%n oleh W. L. Thor( t)

+el%s T%&el =I *%n B%g%n I=-22 "%ng se$%r% )m)m ' t% mengh t)ng terl%l) se* ' t (%*% s%%t

'em%'m)r%n *%n terl%l) &%n"%' (%*% s%%t *e(res . 3%'% t *%' h%n"% t *%' P meng ')t s 'l)s & sn s

tet%( +)g% (en" m(%ng%n *%r P *%r P "%ng meng ')t s 'l)s & sn s.

5- *%n :-. Koe# s en 'orel%s %nt%r% P *%n P *eng%n tren term%s)' %*%l%h 9,


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157 Teori Produksi

seter)sn"%, *%l%m 'on* s norm%l. Per&e*%%n %nt%r% (ro*)'s * &%7%h'on* s norm%l *%n (ro*)'s *

&%7%h 'on* s "%ng se&en%rn"% *%(%t * &%n* ng'%n se(ert (%*% 4- * %t%s *eng%n Ann%ls B sn s *%r

(er o*e, *%r t%h)n 'e t%h)n.

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t *%' m)ng' n )nt)' mener%('%n %n%l s s terse&)t 'e(%*% %'t)%l. Pro*)'s P 'e$)%l ' t% mem&)%t

%t%) men"em&)n" '%n- %s)ms l%n+)t tertent). 3%r ' t% mem l h %s)ms &er ')t *%n & %r'%n s s%n"%

(em&en%r%n mere'%(%*% %(% "%ng ' t% s m()l'%n *%r mere'%

A- =ol)me @ s ' Pro*)'s se&%n* ng *eng%n =ol)me Pro*)'s '%ren% m%n)#%'t)r s%+%.

B- Set %( 'e&er%ng'%t%n *%r P *%r P *%(%t * 7%' l oleh (er)&%h%n *%l%mn l% 'oe# s en +45$ 145

seh ngg% sel%l)

P = bL 3/ 4 C 1/ 4

* m%n% n l% & %*%l%h n*e(en*en *%r dan $ . Ke*)% %s)ms "%ng * &)%t ses)% *eng%n 'e& +%'%n

)m)m )nt)' meng%&% '%n e#e' ')%nt t%t # 'e')%t%n %(%()n "%ng '%m ()n"% ')%nt t%s *%t%.

Koe# s enb *eng%n *em ' %n mem&)%t t%ng'%(%n &%g sem)% )nt)' e#e' se(ert (%'s%%n.

3em&)%t %s)ms se'%l g)s meng ')t *eng%n %n%l s s m%tem%t s &%h7%

I. Pro*)'t ! t%s m%r+ n%l ten%g% 'er+% %*%l%h+45 P 4 .

II. Pro*)'t ! t%s m%r+ n%l mo*%l %*%l%h145 P 4 $.


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158 Teori Produksi

III Pro*)'t ! t%s tot%l ten%g% 'er+%+ 4 5P.

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H%l n mem(ert%l '%n t g% (erem(%t *%r (ro*)' )nt)' ten%g% 'er+% *%n s%t)0'eem(%t )nt)'

mo*%l )nt)' (er o*e "%ng &ers%ng')t%n.

=. El%st s t%s (ro*)' seh)&)ng%n *eng%n (er)&%h%n 'e$ l *%l%m (ers%l n%n sen* r %*%l%h 2 4.

=I. El%st s t%s (ro*)' seh)&)ng%n *eng%n (er)&%h%n 'e$ l * mo*%l s%+% 1 4.

In &er%rt &%h7% (ersent%se (er)&%h%n 'e$ l *%l%m 'er+% sen* r mem l ' t g% '%l e#e' "%ng %'%n

* &)%t oleh (ersent%se (er)&%h%n 'e$ l "%ng s%m% * mo*%l sen* r .

Keen%m teorem% %'%n ter&)'t (%*% &%g %n &er ')tn"%. In h%r)s l%h r * ng%t, &%g% m%n%()n,

&%h7% h%s l '%m tel%h * &er n l% n)mer ' "%ng te(%t *em mem(er&% ' *e0 *e. T%( %ng'% t)

sen* r %*%l%h tet%( sement%r% rel%t # terh%*%( +%ng'% 7%'t) tertent) *%n )nt)' n*e's tertent). Ket '%

n*e's "%ng h%l)s %t%) (er o*e &er)&%h m)ng' n &%h7% 'onst%nt% J %'%n m)n$)l se&%g% 'onst%n

9,; %t%) 9,: %t%) m)ng' n se&%g% !%r %&el. B%h'%n &ent)' *%r #)ngs P m)ng' n h%r)s * )&%h.

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ser%ng%n. D%l%m mem l h ?orm (%st )nt)' Pro*)'s se&%g% (en*e'%t%n (ert%m% s%m% se'%l t *%'

sem%t%0m%t% meng%nt%r'%n ' t% (%*% 'em)ng' n%n ter&% '. Ke)nt)ng%n *%l%m mem l h norm% "%'n

mel &%t'%n ' t% *%l%m 'onse')ens log s "%ng *%(%t * &%n* ng'%n *eng%n #%'t% se(ert #%'t%0#%'t%

"%ng ' t% *%(%t'%n. H%l n mem)ng' n'%n ' t% )nt)' &er& $%r% &en%r %t%) s%l%h *eng%n le& h (res s

*%n )nt)' men%r ' 'es m()l%n "%ng men+%* h (otes s.

;. 3%tem%t '% An%l"s s.03em&er '%n #)ngs

P = bL k C 1- k

* m% n% & %* %l %h n* e(e n* en *% r da n $ *%n )nt) ' mem(er&% ' *e0 *e- k s eh %r )s n"% ' on st %n * %n s %m% * en g% n 2 4. K em) * %n e n% m t eo re m% & %g %nse&el)mn"%*%(%t * &)'t '%n *eng%n en%m (ers%m%%n "%ng meng ')t


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159 Teori Produksi

D%r ;- *%n 8- &er ')t &%h7% se(ert Pro*)$t on mem l ' norm% "%ng men*e'%t , seh ngg%

(ro*)'t ! t%s m%rg n%l ten%g% 'er+% *%n mo*%l mem l ' norm% "%ng mere'% men*e'%t "% t), ')r!%

&6 1.71 * 4$) -145*%n & 6 1.71 * 4 $) +45 m%s ng0m%s ng.

T g% norm% *%n +)ml%h "%ng ses)% &eg t) ter'% t &%h7% + '% s%t) ')%nt t%s, meng%t%'%n (ro*)'s ,

n% ' * %t%s norm% se&es%r 5 (ersen m%'% set %( *%r *)% ')%nt t%s l% nn"% n% ' * %t%s norm% se&es%r

5 (ersen. In %*%l%h '%ren% *ent t%s %l+%&%r.

Chart V 34

34

D%l%m gr%# ' ')r!% 6norm%l6 * %m& l t%n(% 'oe# s en 1,91 *%n n*e's *%r (ro*)'t ! t%s m%rg n%l "%ng terte'%n se$%r% (ro(ors on%l.


22/29

160 Teori Produksi

Se'%r%ng ' t% *%(%t menem)'%n t ng'%t (er)&%h%n *%r (ro*)'t ! t%s m%rg n%l *%n tot%l (ro*)'t ! t%s *eng%n meng%m& l t)r)n%n *%r (ers%m%%n 1- 'e 4- mengg%nt '%n 'onst%n 2 4 olehk

t%' ter&%t%s *%n meng ng%tk "%ng men+%* 'onst%n, (os t # *%n ')r%ng *%r 1.

*%n '%ren%n"%

Pro*)'t ! t%s )n t ten%g% 'er+% men ng'%t (er )n t (en ng'%t%n mo*%l sen* r . Pro*)'t ! t%s )n t

men ng'%t mo*%l (er )n t (en ng'%t%n ten%g% 'er+% s%+%. Ang'% n men ng'%t "%ng s%m% )nt)' n l%

tet%( *%r L *%n C- "%ng * &er '%n oleh e's(res (%*% s s '%n%n (ers%m%%n ;- *%n 8-.

*%n '%ren%n"% men)r)n-

Pro*)'t ! t%s ten%g% 'er+% s%t)%n &er')r%ng (er )n t (en ng'%t%n ten%g% 'er+% s%+% Se+%' 150 lneg%t #- (%*% t ng'%t "%ng * &er '%n oleh s s '%n%n (ers%m%%n 11-.

Dem ' %n ()l%

*%n '%ren%n"% men)r)n-

Pro*)'t ! t%s )n t mo*%l &er')r%ng (er )n t (en ng'%t%n mo*%l sen* r (%*% t ng'%t tertent) * s s

'%n%n (ers%m%%n 1 -.

*%n '%ren%n"%

Pro*)'t ! t%s tot%l ten%g% 'er+% men ng'%t (er )n t (en ng'%t%n ten%g% 'er+% s%+%, (%*% t ng'%t

"%ng * &er '%n oleh s s '%n%n (ers%m%%n 12-.


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161 Teori Produksi

*%n '%ren%n"%

Pro*)'t ! t%s tot%l men ng'%t mo*%l (er )n t (en ng'%t%n mo*%l sen* r (%*% t ng'%t tertent) *

s s '%n%n (ers%m%%n 14-.

*%n '%ren%n"%

Pro*)'t ! t%s tot%l men ng'%t mo*%l (er )n t (en ng'%t%n ten%g% 'er+%sen* r (%*% t ng'%t tertent)

* s s '%n%n (ers%m%%n 15-.

*%n '%ren%n"%

Pro*)'t ! t%s tot%l ten%g% 'er+% men ng'%t (er )n t (en ng'%t%n mo*%lsen* r (%*% t ng'%t tertent)

* s s '%n%n (ers%m%%n 1:-.

A'h rn"%, + '%k seh%r)sn"% &er!%r %s m%'% P men+%* #)ngs *%r t g% !%r %&el, *%n '%m

mem l ' set)m()' teorem% &%r) m s%ln"% 6/ '%k men ng'%t sement%r% dan $ tet%( 'em)* %n P

men ng'%t + '% 4 $ le& h &es%r *%r 1, *%n P men)r)n + '% 4 $ ')r%ng *%r 1. 6

/%* + '% ' t% mem l hk le& h 'e$ l *%r 2 4 '%t%'%nl%h 2 )nt)' sel)r)h (er o*e- ')r!% P

seh ngg% * h t)ng %'%n terlet%' * %t%s ')r!% P * h t)ng *eng%nk 2 4 set %( '%l L C ')r%ng *%r

1, "%ng le& h *%r se&%g %n &es%r (er o*e. H)&)ng%n %nt%r% P *%n P &%r) 1.91 L 2C l 2 * &er '%n

*%l%m t%&el &er ')t

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24/29


25/29

163 Teori Produksi

&)'%nn"% le& h ren*%h *%r P se&en%rn"% le& h t ngg se&es%r : *%n ; (ersen. H%l n , &%g% m%n%()n,

tel%h * se&%&'%n oleh * l)s *%n meng)r%ng e# s ens ten%g% 'er+% "%ng mem&)%t m%s ng0m%s ng )n t

'er+% se&en%rn"% ')r%ng (ro*)'t # * &%n* ng'%n & %s%n"%.


26/29

164 Teori Produksi

n l% (ro*)' 490 1; "%ng mes' ()n +)g% * m l ' oleh 1< 9, %*%l%h t t ' tert ngg )nt)' (er o*e

terse&)t.

Pro*)'t ! t%s # s ' rel%t # *%r )n t %'h r ten%g% 'er+% t%h)n "%ng &ert)r)t0t)r)t 'em)* %n * '%l '%n

*eng%n r%s o (ert)'%r%n rel%t # *%r )n t (ro*)' # s ' )nt)' t%h)n "%ng ses)% *%n n*e's (ro*)'t ! t%s

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* t)n+)''%n (%*% T%&el M *eng%n r%t%0r%t% )nt)' t%h)n 18


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165 Teori Produksi

t%h)n 18


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166 Teori Produksi

mem n+%m'%n (em&en%r%n et s )nt)' t%t%n%n sos %l *%n e'onom "%ng %*%, h%r)s men)n+)''%n

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t *%' meng'l% m mem l ' se&en%rn"% men"eles% '%n h)')m (ro*)'s ,


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167 Teori Produksi

tet%( h%n"% &%h7% '%m tel%h mem&)%t (er' r%%n )nt)' t) *%n men"%r%n'%n meto*e ser%ng%n.

'em%+)%n * m%s% *e(%n %'%n * &%nt) *eng%n mengem&%ng'%n le& h * sem()rn%'%n ser , *eng%n

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tet%( +)g% oleh (e'er+% %*m n str%s "%ng &% ' - n*e's "%ng le& h &% ' *%r (ert)m&)h%n mo*%l

2- n*e's (en ng'%t%n (ro*)'s "%ng %'%n * *%s%r'%n (%*% '%r"% meng%g)m'%n *%r Dr. Thom0

se&%g% 4- n*e's le& h %')r%t *%r n l% t)'%r rel%t # )n t *%r &%r%ng0&%r%ng m%n)#%'t)r.

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se+%)h m)ng' n elemen 7%'t) *%r (roses.

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neg%r% l% n. B l% n * l%')'%n, ' t% h%r)s le& h tert%r ' (%*% l%n*% %n ')r!% (ro*)'s "%ng

* (erh t)ng'%n )nt)' &er&%g% m%$%m n*)str *%n m)ng' n *%(%t mem& ng'% ')r!% * 'om& n%s

)nt)' neg%r% se$%r% 'esel)r)h%n *%n *%r #r%me (er&%n* ng%n ntern%s on%l "%ng men%r '

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'%m *%n mel h%t gel%r %(% )nt)' memo* # '%s 'es m()l%n '%m *%n $%h%"% %(% "%ng men)n+)''%n

(%*% h)')m se7%.

In %*%l%h t)g%s "%ng %'%n memerl)'%n &%n"%' 7%'t) )nt)' men"eles% '%nn"% t%( '%m

men"er%h'%n &%h7% mere'% * (erl)'%n + '% h)&)ng%n "%ng te(%t "%ng m)ng' n meng nt% *%l%m#enomen% e'onom h%r)s * *ete's *%n * )')r.

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