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Transitions from school to work and gender: proof of youth
inequality in Argentina.
Consequences for youth policy
Ana Miranda
Summary
Over the last three decades, youth studies have held that
transitions towards adulthood are
becoming more extended, complex and non-standarized. Arguments
are sustained contraryto what is considered the core features of
post-war youth transitions: lineal, homogeneous,
standarized features1. Some concepts are key to construe such
transitions: globalization,
individuation, biographization, post-modernity (Beck U. 1998;
Bendit R., Hahn M. and A.(editors) 2008).
Furthermore, researches have also pointed out that the greatest
heterogeneity of transitions
towards adulthood is developed within a context of great social
uncertainty and
vulnerability. Individual family resources are acquiring greater
significance within a
framework of lesser social protection (Castel R. 1997; Biggart
A., Bendit R., Cairns D.,Hein K. and Morch S. 2004; Machado Pas J.
2004).
Due to these trends, the analysis of transitions between
education and work of youths in
Latin America acquires greater complexity rising from a set of
particularities which belongto peripheric societies themselves.
Particularities are related to the existence of wide
poblational groups which survive within a wide deprivation
context and which do not
participate in the dynamics of formal work. Latin American
literature has developedsignificant contributions to understand
such phenomena (Prebisch R. 1988; Cardoso FH
and Faletto E. 1990; Portes A. 1994; Nun J. 1999).
In Argentina, globalization and individuation processes have
strongly impacted to widen
the gap of opportunities and accesses of youths from different
social sectors. For example,at present there are groups of youths
connected to global communication and consumption
networks living with groups of youths from peripheric locations
where the barrio is the
only known reality (Kessler G. 2004; Miranda A. 2007).
This paper attempts to prove inequality of living conditions of
youths in Argentina risingfrom an analysis on the transition
between education and work of youths from different
social sectors and gender. Analysis is performed on the basis of
primary quantitative
information gathered in a youth survey applied in four Argentine
cities having well
Ph D in Social Sciences. Researcher of the National Council for
Scientific and Technological Research ofArgentina. Academic
Coordinator of Youth Research Program, Latin American School of
Social Sciences
(FLACSO) Argentina.
http://www.flacso.org.ar/investigacion_ayp_contenido.php?ID=16
1 It is necesary to highlight that some studies show that youth
condition in the second post-war has not been
deeply researched, passages were as homogenous as supposed to
be. Pursuant to these studies, during the
fifties youths changed many times their jobs, and during
recession periods they experienced increasing
employment problems. Biggart A., Furlong A and Cartmel F.
(2008). Biografas de eleccin y linealidad
transicional: nueva conceptualizacin de las transiciones de la
juventud moderna. Los jvenes y el futuro:
procesos de inclusin social y patrones de vulnerabilidad en un
mundo globalizado. Bendit R, Hahn M. andMiranda A. Buenos Aires,
Prometeo.
http://www.flacso.org.ar/investigacion_ayp_contenido.php?ID=16http://www.flacso.org.ar/investigacion_ayp_contenido.php?ID=16
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differentiated social and geographical features: Buenos Aires,
Neuqun, Posadas and Salta.
The purpose was to contribute with information substantial for
the preparation of youths
programs and policies promoting the widening of opportunities
among youths.
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