Transitioning to APA Style,7th editionPresented by Dr. Candis Bond, Director

Courtesy of the Augusta University WritingCenter

Objectives and Roadmap

OBJECTIVES Understand major changes to APA style in the 7th edition Know where to go for information on APA 7th edition Know how to use the AU Writing Center for assistance with

APA style

ROADMAP Changes to general formatting Changes to citing sources Changes to language and style Changes to JARS Resources and using the AU Writing Center

General Formatting Changes in the 7th edition

General Format Changes

Feature 6th Edition 7th Edition

Font style 12-pt TNR Variety of font are acceptable, including 11-pt. Arial, 11-pt.Calibri, 12-pt. TNR, &11 pt. Georgia

Font of paper sections (paper title; abstract; references; appendices)

standard/title case boldface/title case

Running head Required Not required*

Space after period 2 1

Tables/figures Distinct rules for labeling, numbering, notes; appear in-text if necessary and in appendix if supplemental; unique formatting for tables vs. figures

Consistent rules for labeling, numbering, notes; can appear either in-text or on their own pages after references and before appendices; formatting consistent across tables and figures

*a header including the paper title is required for professional papers

Cover Page: Student Version

INTENDED FOR ASSIGNMENTS & STUDENTWORK

No running head or paper titlePage number in top right cornerRequires paper title (bolded/title

case), author byline, department/college and institution name, course title, professor name, and date—each on its own line, with an extra line between the paper title and author bylineNo author note

Cover Page:ProfessionalVersion

INTENDED FOR MANUSCRIPTS FOR PUBLICATION

The phrase “Running head:” does not appear in the header, but a header including the paper title (50 char. or fewer) appears in the top left corner and page numbers appear in the top right corner. The header remains the same on all subsequent pages.

Requires paper title (bolded/title case) and author byline. Superscript numbers are used after each author to denote institutional affiliation. These superscript numbers are then included on lines below, with institutions next to them.

An author note is also required. The author note is formatted in paragraphs, with each paragraph devoted to the following content: ORCID IDs of each author, each on their own indented line Author changes, if applicable (change in institution or death) Disclosures and acknowledgments Contact information for corresponding author

Level Format

1 Centered, Boldface, Title CaseText starts a new paragraph.

2 Flush Left, Boldface, Title CaseText starts a new paragraph.

3 Flush left, boldface, sentence case, ends in period. Text continues on same line as heading.

4 Indented, flush left, boldface, sentence case, ends in a period. Text continues on same line as heading.

5 Indented, sentence case, ends in a period. Text continues on same line as heading.

Level Format

1 Centered, Boldface, Title CaseText starts a new paragraph.

2 Flush Left, Boldface, Title CaseText starts a new paragraph.

3 Flush Left, Boldface, Italicized, Title CaseText starts a new paragraph.

4 Indented, Boldface, Title Case, Ends in a Period. Text continues on same line as heading.

5 Indented, Boldface, Title Case, Ends in a Period. Text continues on same line as heading.

6th Edition HeadingFormat 7th Edition HeadingFormat

Changes to Heading Format

Changes toCiting Sources in the 7th edition

In-Text Citations

Number of Authors 6th Edition 7th Edition

1 (Smith, 2015) (Smith, 2015)

2 (Smith & Jones, 2015)

(Smith & Jones, 2015)

3-5 (Smith, Jones, & Adams, 2015) on first use; (Smith et al., 2015) on subsequent uses

(Smith et al., 2015)

6+ (Smith et al., 2015) (Smith et al., 2015)

Authors no longer need to list out all authors for sources with 3+ authors. The et al. abbreviation is used, even on the first citation. The exception is if two or more sources share the same first author. If this occurs, list as many authors as needed to differentiate the sources, followed by the et al. abbreviation. Ex: (Smith, Jones, et al., 2015) and (Smith, Adams, et al.,2015).

There are now guidelines for citing Traditional Knowledge and Oral Traditions of Indigenous People as well as new guidance for quoting research participants.

References PageCitations

Feature 6th edition 7th editionNumber of authors listed

Maximum 7 Maximum 20

Format of web page/article titles

Standard font, sentence case

Italicized font, sentence case

Inclusion of host site/publisher for web pages/articles

Optional Required (standard font, title case), unless same as author

Location of publisher for books/reports

Required Not required

Article Numbers N/A Place in page number position after issue #

Phrase “Retrieved from” before URLs

Required Not required

URLs Standard font HyperlinkDOIs Included “doi:” before

numberInstead of “doi:,” include prefixhttps://doi.org/followed by the number

https://doi.org/

New Reference Guidance for Audiovisual & Social Media and other OnlineSources

Just for fun…Citing TikTok Videos:

StudyNotesIdeas [@studynotesideas]. (2020, June 10).Highly recommend this!! #notes #planner #studying #motivation #studyingtips # calligraphy #fyp #foryou #foryoupages #studying #handwriting #productivity #viral [video]. TikTok. https://vm.tiktok.com/JRBkrW7/

Author [handle]. (date). Caption up to 20 words including hashtags, links, and emojis [medium]. TikTok. URL

Changes to Language and Style in the 7th edition

Bias-Free Language

Only mention demographic characteristics or identitytraits when relevant to the study/research and take anintersectional approach

Be specific when describing groups or traits. For example, say “cisgender women” rather than “women”

Use participants’ own language when choosing categories and language, unless their chosen terms may perpetuate bias or stigma

Use person-centered language. For example, say “people with disabilities” rather than “the disabled.” Do not reduce people to their conditions, such as “schizophrenics.” Instead, choose “a person with schizophrenia” or “a schizophrenic person.” Be especially careful when assigning names to visuals, such as tables and graphs—make sure labels here are also person-centered

Bias-Free Language, Cont’d

Avoid marginalizing comparisons—what APA calls “false hierarchies.” For instance, you would not say “people with disabilities struggle as compared to normal people.” Instead, try “people with disabilities may struggle as compared to people without disabilities” or “people with disabilities may struggle as compared to people who are able-bodied.”

Be cautious about the order of groups in lists and on tables/charts so as not to perpetuate systemically oppressive hierarchies (ex: White and Black Americans)

Bias-Free Language: Pronouns

Avoid he/she constructions and instead use the gender-neutral “they”

Avoid stereotypical language (Exs: replace “mothering” with “parenting” or “housewife” with “homemaker”)

Use gender pronouns that participants ask you to use, respecting their gender identity and agency

Do not conflate gender and sex (Ex: replace “participants selected clothing based on sex” with “participants

selected clothing based on gender”

Addition of APA Journal Article Reporting Standards (JARS) in the7th edition

Guidance On Variables and Content to Include in Qualitative and Quantitative Research

JARS was amended to increase rigor and improve standardization of research.

Added content and guidance on standards for qualitative and quantitative research

Added content and guidance on how to structure and assemble each major section of original research publications

HelpingYour Students Transition to the 7th edition

Tips for Helping Students Transition Smoothly

Make the required edition visible everywhere: syllabus, assignment prompts, LMS, college pages, program pages, department pages

Require they purchase the 7th edition manual

Do not try to ease them in by using hybrid versions; go full-on 7th edition

Stick to the manual as closely as possible; do not modify if you can help it

Use the student version format

Tips for Helping Students Transition Smoothly, Cont’d

Provide models for sources that lack direct guidance in the manual so students learn that this style is not meant to be prescriptive, but rather has the aim of helping readers find sources

Have lessons/conversations/assignments that speak to the rhetorical nature of citation styles so students understand the rationale and importance of edition changes

During the first year, offer students the chance to revise for full points if they accidentally use the wrong edition

Resources

Augusta University Writing Centerhttps://www.augusta.edu/pamplin/writingcenter/

Online synchronous consultations (Schedule Make an Appointment Web Page) Online asynchronous consultations (Submit on

Graduate Student Services web page) Writing Groups (Sign up on Writing Groups web page) Online Handouts (On Writing and Communication

Handouts web page) Language for syllabi (Copy and paste from Faculty

Resources web page)

http://www.augusta.edu/pamplin/writingcenter/http://www.augusta.edu/pamplin/writingcenter/

Additional Resources for APAStyle

Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.)

APA Style website: https://apastyle.apa.org/

APA Style and Grammar Guidelines: https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/

APA Style Blog: https://apastyle.apa.org/blog/

Augusta University Libraries LibGuides on APA Style: http://guides.augusta.edu/apa

APA JARS (Journal Article Reporting Standards): https://apastyle.apa.org/jars

http://guides.augusta.edu/apa

Questions?

References

Content and examples were taken and/or adapted from:

American Psychological Association. (2020a). APA style blog.https://apastyle.apa.org/blog

American Psychological Association. (2020b). Publication Manual ofthe American Psychological Organization (7th ed.). AmericanPsychologicalAssociation.

American Psychological Association. (2020c). Style and grammar guidelines. https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/

https://apastyle.apa.org/blog

Slide Number 1OBJECTIVESGeneral Formatting Changes in the 7th editionGeneral Format ChangesSlide Number 5Slide Number 6Cover Page: Professional VersionSlide Number 8Changes to Heading FormatChanges to Citing Sources in the 7th editionIn-Text CitationsReferences Page CitationsJust for fun…Citing TikTok Videos:Changes to Language and Style in the 7th editionSlide Number 15Bias-Free Language, Cont’dAvoid he/she constructions and instead use the gender- neutral “they”Slide Number 18JARS was amended to increase rigor and improve standardization of research.HelpingYour Students Transition to the 7th editionSlide Number 21Slide Number 22Augusta University Writing CenterSlide Number 24Questions?Content and examples were taken and/or adapted from: