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Figure XX. Schematic representation of test for the SIR hypothesis in Wisconsin. The SIR model (upper half of the diagram) is superimposed on a red pine mortality pocket. The transect shows six sampling points moving away from the pocket margin. The lower half of the diagram illustrates the known rate of root infection by Leptographium terebrantis (Erbilgin and Raffa 2003, 2003). Positioning of transect and relationship between resistance and actual root infection rates are speculative and intended for illustrative purposes only Time Distance from pocket margin (m) SIR Infection of root system with L. terebrantis (%) Transect Mortality pocket Induced susceptibility
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Transient induction of systemic Transient induction of systemic induced resistance against fungal induced resistance against fungal
pathogens in red pinepathogens in red pine
Alieta Eyles and Enrico Bonello
Proposed model of induced systemic resistance
Time
Res
ista
nce
Constitutiveresistance
Inducedresistance
Point of no return:damage from inductionevent can no longer betolerated by the treeTree becomessymptomatic
Inductionevent
Declining resistance to challenge,e.g. bark beetle attack
Inducedsusceptibility
Baseline, constitutive resistance
Figure XX. Schematic representation of test for the SIR hypothesis in Wisconsin. The SIR model (upper half of the diagram) is superimposed on a red pine mortality pocket. The transect shows six sampling points moving away from the pocket margin. The lower half of the diagram illustrates the known rate of root infection by Leptographium terebrantis (Erbilgin and Raffa 2003, 2003). Positioning of transect and relationship between resistance and actual root infection rates are speculative and intended for illustrative purposes only.
123456
Time
Distance from pocket margin (m)
SIR
Infe
ctio
n of
roo
tsy
stem
wit
h L.
ter
ebra
ntis
(%
)60
0010
Transect
Mortalitypocket
Inducedsusceptibility
HPLC chromatogram of crude bark extracts:A
U
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
Minutes5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 35.00
ControlOphiostomaLeptographium
Peak 4
Peak 7
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
2500000
1 2 3 4 5 6
Distance away from epicentre
Rel
ativ
e ab
unda
nce LT
O
C
0
10000000
20000000
30000000
40000000
50000000
60000000
70000000
1 2 3 4 5 6
Distance away from epicentre
Rel
ativ
e ab
unda
nce
Peak 4
Peak 7
