TransGen - Getting Fault Properties Into Simulators

8/19/2019 TransGen - Getting Fault Properties Into Simulators

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Fault Analysis Group

University College Dublin

TransGen - getting fault properties into simulators

Badley Technology Ltd


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TransGen – A tool for generating geologically meaningfulfault transmissibility multipliers for simulation models, and for

examining the influence of faults on flow

Fault transmissibility

multipliersGrid-block Net:Gross ratio


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The basic TransGen calculations:

Step 1: Read in simulation model (Eclipse format corner point geometry)

Net:gross


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Step 2: Identify faulted connections

Fault throw


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Step 3: Determine “no-fault-rock” connection transmissibilities

Default Eclipse

across-faulttransmissibility


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Step 4: Calculate fault surface properties

Fault Shale

Gouge Ratio


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Step 5: Calculate fault-rock permeability

Fault-rockPermeability

Th b i T G l l ti


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Step 6: Calculate fault-rock thickness

Fault-rockthickness

Th b i T G l l ti


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Step 7: Determine “fault-rock included” connection transmissibilities

Faulted connection

transmissibilityincluding fault-rock

Th b i T G l l ti


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Step 8: Calculate and output fault transmissibility multipliers (Eclipse input files)

Faulted connection

transmissibilitymultipliers


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Summary of TransGen methodology:

Geologically derived transmissibility multipliers

Shale content

Transmissibility multiplier

SGR Displacement

ThicknessPermeability

Permeability

After Manzocchi et al . 1999


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Permeability

“no-fault-rock” Transmissibility

Geocellular connection area

Net / gross

Calculations on each across-fault connection


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Calculations at each connection vertex - appropriate

permeability and thickness connection averages taken

1dZ

2dZ

3dZ

4dZ

5dZ

1Vs

2Vs

3Vs

4Vs

5Vs

T h r o w

=

dZ

dZVs

SGR

Low High

Net / gross

SGR


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0.0001

0.001

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

Fault rock shale fr action

F a u l t p e r m e a b

i l i t y ( m D )

0.0001

0.001

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

Fault rock shale fraction


i l i t y ( m D )

0.0001

0.001

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1



i l i t y ( m D )

Flexible fault property predictors:

Fault-rock permeability is a user-defined function of SGR, throw, depth

Continuous shale smear

at 0.3 shale fraction

0.0001

0.001

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1


F a u l t p e r m e a b i l i t y ( m D )

Default relationshipPermeability independent of SGR

0.0001

0.001

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1



0.0001

0.001

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1



Property databaseCataclastic effects less

negative effect than clay content

Cataclastic effects more

negative effect than clay content


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Flexible fault property predictors:

Fault-rock thickness is a user-defined function of throw

0.0001

0.001

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1000

0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000

Fault displacement

F

a u l t t h i c k n e s

s

0.0001

0.001

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1000

0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000

Fault displacement

F

a u l t t h i c k n e s

s


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Fully 3D calculations

Top and bottom surfaces and COORD lines

F ll 3D l l ti


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Faults and bottom layer wire-frame

F ll 3D l l ti


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Grid-block properties on serial cross-sections

(functionality to deal with erosional surfaces)

Transmissibilit m ltipliers for different fa lt propert predictors


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Transmissibility multipliers for different fault property predictors

0.0000001

0.000001

0.00001

0.0001

0.001

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1000

10000

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

SGR


0.0000001

0.000001

0.00001

0.0001

0.001

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1000

10000

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

SGR


Application to the Scott Field - Block Ib


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Net-to-Gross

yellow - highbrown - low

(cells and faults)

Transmissibility Multiplier

Blue ~ 1.0White < 0.5

(faults only)

Application to the Scott Field Block Ib

Courtesy of G. Marsden and A. Raoul, Amerada Hess

Application to the Scott Field - Block Ib


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Application to the Scott Field Block IbTransGen provides a good geologically plausible history match in hours rather

than an ‘ad hoc’ match in months.

Courtesy of G. Marsden and A. Raoul, Amerada Hess

1999 HISTORY MATCH

ECLIPSE DEFAULT

INTER-UNIT SEALING

TRANSGEN METHOD

PRODUCTION DATA

C u

m u l a t i v e W a t e r P r o d u c t i o n

Time

1999 HISTORY MATCH

ECLIPSE DEFAULT

INTER-UNIT SEALING

TRANSGEN METHOD

PRODUCTION DATA

C u

m u l a t i v e W a t e r P r o d u c t i o n

Time

TransGen Graphical functionality


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The “cell properties” window


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The “Edit” window



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The fault and cell control windows



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a sGe G ap ca u c o a y

The “colours” windows



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The “dynamic controls” window – load Eclipse Restart files

View dynamic simulation data in grid-blocks and on fault surfaces -


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Dynamic properties

Water saturation (grid-block)

Connection oil flow rate (faults)

y g

A rapid means of identifying faults/parts of faults crucial to flow

Static properties

Permeability (grid-blocks)

Faulted transmissibility / area (fault)

Early time


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Blocks: Water saturation

Faults: SGR

Blocks: Permeability

Faults: Water flow rate

Later time


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A

B

A

B

Preferential flow paths are through fault B but around fault A

TransGen applied to streamline simulation

(3dsl from StreamSim)


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(3dsl from StreamSim)

Production from fault-bounded compartments


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Production from fault bounded compartments

Injector

Producer

Water saturation


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Faulted connection transmissibilities


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Fault connections and streamlines


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Streamlines


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Applied to a faulted low net:gross channel complex


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Time of Flight - streamlines Time of Flight – grid-blocks

Water saturation Water saturation > 0.3

Two different models of fault connection properties


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Documents

TransGen - Getting Fault Properties Into Simulators