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Transformation within the agricultural sector: 20 years of democracy. A presentation by. Tsakani Ngomane, Ph.D @ Annual Seminar held in Kempton Park, Premier Hotel, 18 September 2014. Our Democracy. Introduction - Why Yes ?. Purpose. Outcome. Passion of the organising committee - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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The Presidency: Ministry of Performance Monitoring and Evaluation 1
Transformation within the agricultural sector: 20 years of democracy
Tsakani Ngomane, Ph.D @Annual Seminar held in Kempton Park,
Premier Hotel, 18 September 2014
A presentation by
The Presidency: Ministry of Performance Monitoring and Evaluation
Our Democracy
Purpose
Introduction - Why Yes ?
Passion of the organising
committee
An opportunity to offer insights
pertaining transformation
within the agricultural sector
since democracy, and
To make specific reference to
skills development programmes
targeted at the marginalised
groups in society, and
cooperatives
Outcome
Impetus to the country’s
change Agenda through
agricultural advancement,
especially Chapter 6 of the
National Development Plan
and Outcomes 7 on
Comprehensive Rural
Development
The Presidency: Ministry of Performance Monitoring and Evaluation
Outline Policy overview
Population profiles and unemployment
The plight of the Black African Graduate
What are the expectations for the Rural Agricultural sector and
on skills development – NDP perspective
What can you do to speed up change in AgriSETA- opportunities
in the green economy and blue economy; and SMMEs (including
cooperatives)
What is not well – examples of misalignment in AgriSETA
( Sector Skills Plans 2011 - 2016 and Annual Reports 2012
/2013)
Policy overview • Agriculture is considered as the backbone and driver of the rural
economy
• Production potential of the sector a concern, given the extent of land degradation in most rural and communal areas and the costs of rehabilitation
• Economic viability of the smallholder agricultural sector and opportunities for its development from available land resources. Issues of access to & ownership of land
• Natural and other threats such as climate change, availability of infrastructure, comprehensive producer support, and encroachment on agricultural lands
• The National Development Plan (NDP) 2030 envision an integrated and inclusive rural economy and envisages a phased implementation trajectory over successive Medium Term Strategic Framework periods, starting with MTSF 2014 - 2019
• The New Growth Path classifies the green economy as one of the ten jobs drivers in the context of implementing the Industrial Policy Action Plan
• It further identifies untapped potential of the oceans /blue economy, which could give effect to the objectives of the NDP in respect of GDP growth and jobs
Policy overview …
Policy overview continue DAFF leads the Agrarian Transformation pillar of the CRDP, a programme of the
Department of Rural Development and Land Reform
DAFF is supposed to focus on post-settlement support for land reform
beneficiaries who are involved in agricultural activities; and the development of
sector-specific rural enterprises. The Agriculture Sector Plan (2001), is the key
driving policy instrument for the agricultural sector
In addition to rural development, the agricultural sector is supposed to contribute
outcomes-based national priorities; food security, job creation and sustainable
use of natural resources
Further, the NDP expects agriculture to create approx. 1 million jobs by 2030
through expansion of irrigated agriculture; increasing production in underutilised
arable lands in communal areas and land reform projects; and supporting
commercial agricultural industries and regions with the highest growth and
employment potential.
Policy overview
Policy Context contin…
South Africa is one of the most carbon-intensive economies globally, however Government is committed to unleashing the potential of the green economy – South Africans following a development path that leaves subsequent generations with a natural environment endowment of equal value to that of present day
We see a paradigm shift in the biodiversity sub-sector from a preservationist approach to sustainable use for the benefit of present and future generations
We see the influence of this progressive shift in Ecotourism, its impact on the economy and its significant multiplier effect. Replication of successful ecotourism models with participation of local communities could be used as an economic engine to drive rural development
27 Distressed rural districts constitute priority districts in Government interventions. Require development of sustainable rural enterprises and industries in areas with economic potential
However, the full realisation of the socio-economic benefit of our communities is constrained by weak institutions and low literacy
and skills levels, and these weaknesses continue to undermine socio-economic development.
…Policy overview
Population profiles within skills levels andunemployment
Figure 1 – Employment composition of skills groups by population group
Unemployment by population group (based on the expanded definition)
2,6 million in unemployed (Based on the expanded definition of unemployment)
The unemployment rate stable at 35%.
Source: StatsSA, 2014: Statistics South Africa. The South Africa I know, the home I understand
The plight of the Black African Graduate
The unemployment rate for black Africans with tertiary education is a major concern. It more than doubled, from 8% to 19% (StatsSA, 2014)
Not many would have predicted such an outcome for the post-apartheid period when access to the labour market, at least for those with skills, should have been easier after so many decades of racial exclusion
The trend raises serious questions about the quality and/or appropriateness of tertiary education regarding skills development.
SECRET
What are the expectations
for Rural Agric. Sector & on Skills
Dev?
An integrated and Inclusive Rural Economy – key points
Greater social, economic and political opportunities to overcome poverty
Introduce a land reform and job creation strategy that ensures rural communities have jobs
Ensure quality access to basic services, health care, education and food security
Develop rural town based on differential opportunities and address intergovernmental relations to improve governance
What needs to be done – a differentiated rural development strategy that focuses on:
Agriculture development based on successful land reform, employment creation and environmental safeguards
Quality basic services, particularly education, health and public transport
In areas with greater economic potential, industries such as agro-processing, tourism, fisheries and small enterprise development should be developed with market support
Skills development
Improve relationship between skills
training institutions and employers
Ensure effective regulation of training
providers
Address under-spending of skills
funds
Address governance issues
Clarify the mission of SETAs
Develop National Skills Planning
System
2015
2020
2025
2021-2025 2026-2030
SETAs
DHET
DHET & SETA boards
DHET
DHET
2016-20202012-2015
2030
Quality Assurance Councils
Double the current skills output of SETAs SETAs
2012
Actions
The Presidency: Ministry of Performance Monitoring and Evaluation
Support universities to
establish training
centres for college
lecturers
Build new colleges; use
distance education;
employ more college
lecturers
Introduce entry requirements &
develop alternative
institutions for learners who do not qualify
Facilitate exchange of
staff between colleges and
industry
Change the rules to allow
colleges to access some of the SETA
funding
Appoint a qualified CFO
in each college
Improving outcomes of the college sector
Further education and training
Research and innovation systems
DST, DHEAT, Universities & Science councils
Create framework for national system of innovationIncrease support for postgraduate studies
Attract and support young researchers
Develop world class centres of research and innovation
Relax immigration requirements to attract scientists
Support collaboration between sectors
Coordination
Research capacity development
Attract top research talent
Inter-sectoral collaboration
Excellent research & innovation
output
Transform researcher
demographics
Transforming Society
Healing the past
Improve services for all citizens
Create a South African Identity
Eliminate discrimination
Active citizenry, leadership, social
compact
Unite the
nation
1616
SECRET
What can you do to speed up change in AgriSETA?
• The Independent Development Corporation (2011) and the Institute for Sustainable Futures predicts > 460 000 jobs could be created by our green economy in areas such as the natural resource management, waste recycling, green energy generation; energy and resource efficiency.
• The green economy is a extremely diverse, relatively new and fast evolving in many of its segments
• The 2010 Summit on the Green Economy identified nine pillars for the implementation of the green economy interventions including resource conservation and management, major events and tourism, research, skills, financing and investments, clean energy and energy efficiency; and agriculture, food production and forestry
KEY amongst the constraints limiting South Africa’s participation at economy-wide scale is lack of
appropriate skills; and poor coordination of efforts amongst stakeholders
Opportunities in the green economy
Opportunities – localisation and SMMEs
• Approx. 2.3 % of the economically active population is established business owners in South Africa –5.6 m SMMEs. SMMEs target low skilled and unskilled labour.
• Investment in research and development that boosts technological innovation, competitiveness and strategy for value-adding and localization
• Local manufacturing require technology innovation and extensive research and development to address issues of local content and to identify skills gaps
• Wild fish stocks in South Africa are declining. The global demand for fish products is expected to grow by 48%; aquaculture is expected to meet at least half of this demand contributing to food and nutritional security, create SMMEs to stimulate RD and address transformation issues. For this to happen, we need to provide the skills base
• Leverage on purpose built incentives to enhance private sector participation: catalytic funding (jobs fund, green fund, DTI SMME support, etc)
Building the skills base (re-skill, up-skill, new skills): actively design technical and vocational education and training (TVET) responding to market needs, and re-train Extension Services and Community Development Workers
SECRET
What is not well –
examples of
misalignment
Critical elements w.r.t. Sector Skills Plan 2011 – 2016
Agriculture as a sector of possibilities; most labour intensive that, with right
interventions, could reverse unemployment trends – benefitting the youth
Diversification and value-adding and agribusiness (incl. cooperative) - could change
the structure of the agricultural economy – benefitting the youth
Agricultural economy driven with a rural bias, and within the context of Land Reform, could
yield positive impacts on socio-economic livelihoods & FNS, esp. HDIs
Implementation not fully aligned based on Annual Reports 2012- 2013
No allocations for Extension development – target 50n
2012/13 – 0 doneLow exp. / reserves on
AgriBEE CharterArtisan 18.2
Sector Intelligence and Career Information ranked
low on the agendaRPL: under-targetting
resulting in inadequate structures and learning
programmes – compromise access to decent work
Agricultural Colleges
Surplus on ABETRural Structures
Skills programme for unemployed v. low
expenditure over timeRPL None – for farm
workers
Cooperative Surplus on Apprenticeships
Artisan 18.2 (unemployed)Support to under resourced
rural learners weak
Spending more on skills delivery administration
Capacity building programs ranked average on the
agendaSkills programme for
unemployed v. low expenditure over time
Rural Youth
Disconnect between the Sector Skills Plan and its Implementation
The Presidency: Ministry of Performance Monitoring and Evaluation
Stakeholders – Active
23
To what extent are those trained active on the ground? Sustainability dimension
What is the level of functionality of structures supported by AgriSETA? Sustainability
With few commodity groups (GrainSA, Table Grapes, Poultry, etc) in formal partnership with AgriSETA, how can these be broadened and increased? Scaling up
With DAFF as a major stakeholder and least resourced partner as compared to DRDLR and DPW, what are the causes and how can these be remedied? Collaboration within government
Agriculture as a job driver, is there a need to review allocations ( using other SETA as a benchmark); stringent monitoring of implementation of provisions NSDS 111 - bursaries, skills programs, levies vs subsidiaries. M & E dimension
What is AgriSETA intel on skills gaps required by industry? Relevance and Planning dimension
How can we accelerate transformation in the context of resource limitation for TVET and UOCs? Mentorship dimension
Key Questions
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
In terms of reducing vulnerability to food
security, to what extent is AgriSETA
contributing towards achievement on the
suite of indicators on FSN, esp. for the HDI?
Key Questions conti
The multiple dimensions of food security: indicators
Source: The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2013: An Overview. Statistics Division Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
With physical presence in 4 Provinces, is AgriSETA’s food print a visible to all involved in the sector?
Skilling new farmers, especially beneficiaries of Land Reform
Establishing & developing capacity of rural institutions, especially cooperatives
Creating a critical mass of employed graduates
Reviewing the College curriculum to reduce the skills gap between industry and learners
SECRET
Thank you
29