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TransformationoftheGod-Image
title:TransformationoftheGod-image:AnElucidationofJung'sAnswertoJobStudiesinJungianPsychology
author: Edinger,EdwardF.publisher: InnerCityBooks
isbn10|asin: 0919123554printisbn13: 9780919123557ebookisbn13: 9780585115337
language: English
subjectJungianpsychology,Bible.--O.T.--Job--Criticism,interpretation,etc,ImageofGod,Religion--Philosophy.
publicationdate: 1992lcc: BL51.J8533E351992ebddc: 150.1954
subject:Jungianpsychology,Bible.--O.T.--Job--Criticism,interpretation,etc,ImageofGod,Religion--Philosophy.
Page2
Marie-LouisevonFranz,HonoraryPatron
StudiesinJungianPsychologybyJungianAnalysts
DarylSharp,GeneralEditor
Page3
TransformationoftheGod-ImageAnElucidationofJung'sAnswertoJob
EdwardF.EdingerEditedwithaForewordby
LawrenceW.Jaffe
Page4
ThankstoNancyBerryforherdiligentworkonthetypescript,toSusanMurphyforheradviceandencouragement,andtoIsabelMavityforhergeneroussupportoftheproject.LawrenceW.Jaffe.
CanadianCataloguinginPublicationData
Edinger,EdwardF.(EdwardFerdinand),1922-TransformationoftheGod-image
(StudiesinJungianpsychologybyJungiananalysts;54)
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN0-919123-55-4
1.Jung,C.G.(CarlGustav),18751961.AntwortaufHiob.2.Bible.O.T.JobCriticism,interpretation,etc.3.ImageofGod.4.ReligionPhilosophy.I.Title.II.Series.
BL51.E351992223'.106C92-093051-4
Copyright©1992byEdwardF.Edinger.Allrightsreserved.
INNERCITYBOOKSBox1271,StationQ,Toronto,CanadaM4T2P4Telephone(416)927-0355FAX416-924-1814
HonoraryPatron:Marie-LouisevonFranz.PublisherandGeneralEditor:DarylSharp.SeniorEditor:VictoriaCowan.
INNERCITYBOOKSwasfoundedin1980topromotetheunderstandingandpracticalapplicationoftheworkofC.G.Jung.
Cover:Paintingofadreamimage,byC.G.Jung,1920.[FromAnielaJaffé,ed.,C.G.Jung:WordandImage(BollingenSeriesXCVII:2);Princeton:PrincetonUniversityPress,1979]
Frontispiece:PhotobyMargaretaFellerer,Ascona.
PrintedandboundinCanadabyUniversityofTorontoPressIncorporated
Page5
Contents
Foreword 7
1Introduction
11
2PrefatoryNote,Paragraphs553559andtheBookofJob
21
3Paragraphs560576
32
4Paragraphs577608
42
5Paragraphs609624
53
6Paragraphs625648
63
7Paragraphs649661
73
8Paragraphs662687andtheBookofEnoch
82
9Paragraphs688712
92
10Paragraphs713733
102
11Paragraphs734747
113
12Paragraphs748758,AssumptionofMaryandSummary
124
Bibliography 136
Index 138
SeefinalpageforothertitlesbyInnerCityBooks
Page7
ForewordDespitetheBiblicalimagery,thisbookisnotconcernedwithtraditionalreligion.Itssubject,rather,ispsychology,thescientificstudyofthesoul.ReferencesaretoJob,GodandChristbecauseourdeepestfeelingsstillresonatetothatimagery.Putanotherway,thereasonfortheBiblicalreferencesisbecause"Jungianpsychologyhasthetaskofintroducingtotheworldanewworldview."1TherootsofthisnewworldviewlieintheJudeo-Christianmyth.
If,asEdingerpredicts,Jung'sworksareonedayreadasScriptureoncewasforsustenanceofoursouls,formovingwordsthattouchustotheheart,forreassurance,guidanceandorientationAnswertoJobwillsurelyoccupyauniqueplaceintheJungiancanon.ThespecialstatusofAnswertoJobasthemostcompletestatementofJung'sessentialmessagehaslongbeenacknowledgedbyJungianswhohavediscusseditincountlessseminarsandconferencessinceitspublicationin1952.
WhathassparkedallthisinterestisthatthecentralthemeofAnswertoJobthetransformationofGodthroughhumanconsciousnessisthecentraltheme,too,ofJungianpsychology.NotlongbeforehisdeathJunghimselfaffirmeditsimportance,remarkingthat"hewouldliketorewriteallofhisbooksexceptAnswertoJob,buthewouldleavethatonejustasitstands."2
NowcomesadefinitivestudyofAnswertoJobbyEdinger,inhisusualtrenchantstyle,atonceeruditeanddown-to-earth,thoughtfulandheartfelt.
ForagenerationEdingerhasbeenintheforefrontofthosewhohavecarriedforwardtheworkofthegreatSwisspsychiatristCarlGustavJung.EdingerisafoundingmemberofboththeC.G.JungFoundation
forAnalyticalPsychologyofNewYorkandtheJungInstituteofNewYork.HeservedaspresidentoftheInstitutefrom1968through1979,andwasalsoamemberofitsfaculty.Histen
1EdwardF.Edinger,Aion,lectureseriesavailableonaudiotapefromtheC.G.JungInstituteofLosAngeles.2Marie-LouisevonFranz,C.G.Jung:HisMythinOurTime,p.161.
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booksandmorethanfiftypublishedarticlesrevealfourmajorareasofinterest:clinical,cultural,alchemicalandthepsychologicalredemptionoftraditionalreligion.3Asingleunifyingthemerunsthroughthemall,namelytheego'sencounterwithandrelationtotheSelf,Jung'stermfortheregulatingcenterofthepsyche.
AtarecentJungianconferenceontheinnerchildwheretheworkofdevelopmentalpsychologistswasemphasized,aparticipantroseinthefinalmomentstoaskhowwepsychotherapistscouldbeartolistenhourafterhour,dayafterday,tothestoriesofterriblepsychicwoundsinflictedonchildren,whouponbecomingparentsunconsciouslyrepeatthepattern.
Irepliedsomewhatasfollows:"ThisiswhereJungcomesin.Hesaysthattheenlightenedhumanconsciousnessbreaksthechainofsufferingandtherebyacquiresametaphysicalandcosmicsignificance.Wetherapistssometimesseethisprocessoperatinginourdailywork.Withouttheinterventionofconsciousnessthechainrepeatsitself."4
SeveralpeoplethankedmeforremindingthemofJung'swords,whichinfactIhadinmindonlybecauseIhadrecentlyheardthemreformulatedbyEdinger.5
AnswertoJobcontainsthekernel,theessence,oftheJungianmyth,andEdinger'sstudyofitevokesthatessencewithunequaledclarityandpower.Thisisnottosaythateverythinginitwillbecrystalclearatfirstglance,butitispossiblethatthereceptivereaderwillcatchawhisperofJung'smeaninginsomewordorphrase,andthiswillrepaytheeffortmanyfold.
Apartfromminorstylisticrevisions,thefollowingisatranscriptofthecourseoftwelvelecturesgivenbyEdingerattheC.G.JungInstituteofLosAngelesinthefallof1989.
LAWRENCEW.JAFFEJUNGIANANALYST,BERKELEY
3SeebibliographyforacompletelistofEdinger'spublishedbooks.4SeeJung,Letters,vol.2,p.311.5AnAmericanJungian:EdwardF.EdingerinConversationwithLawrenceJaffe(videotape).Seealsobelow,p.61.
Page9
WhoeverknowsGodhasaneffectonhim.C.G.Jung,AnswertoJob.
Page10
Jungattheageof75
Page11
1IntroductionGenerallyspeaking,AnswertoJobcanbeconsideredadepth-psychologicalexaminationoftheJudeo-Christianmyth,whichisatthecoreoftheWesternpsyche.AnotherwayofputtingitisthatAnswertoJobisacontinuationofAion.6Jungsaysasmuchhimself:
ThemostimmediatecauseofmywritingthebookisperhapstobefoundincertainproblemsdiscussedinmybookAion,especiallytheproblemsofChristasasymbolicfigureandoftheantagonismChrist-Antichristrepresentedinthetraditionalzodiacalsymbolismofthetwofishes.7
ThebasicissueinAionisthedoubleorbipolarnatureoftheChristianGod-imagewhichunfoldeditselfinthecourseofthehistoryoftheChristianaeon.BeginningwiththeimageofthesonofYahweh,Christ,inthefirsthalfoftheaeon,agradualenantiodromia8tookplaceandtheoppositesidethebadson,theAntichristpoleofthebipolardeitybegantomanifestinthesecondhalfoftheChristianaeon.AnswertoJobcontinuesthestudyoftheWesternGod-image,andinparticularexploreshowhumanconsciousnesschangesthenatureofthatGod-image.
InordertoavoidconfusionasyouarereadingAnswertoJobit'simportanttodistinguishthreedifferentaspects,orversions,oftheWesternGod-image:
1)TheGod-imageaspicturedintheOldTestamentYahweh.
2)TheGod-imageaspicturedinChristiantheology.ThiscorrespondstotheimagethatChristdelineatedtheGodofLove.
3)TheGod-imageasexperiencedpsychologicallybymodernmenandwomen.
6CW9ii.(CWrefersthroughouttoTheCollectedWorksofC.G.Jung)7"PrefatoryNote,"PsychologyandReligion,CW11,p.357.8Runningcounterto."Iusethetermenantiodromiafortheemergenceoftheunconsciousoppositeinthecourseoftime."("Definitions,"PsychologicalTypes,CW6,par.709)
Page12
Theseare,inshort,theOldTestamentGod,theNewTestamentGodandGodasexperiencedpsychologically.
Jungreferstoallthreeoftheseintermittentlyandinterweavesthem.That'swhyIwanttomakecrystalclearthatoneisreallydealingwiththreedifferententities,becauseotherwiseyoucangetlostandconfusedastowhatJungisgettingat.
1)TheGod-imageaspicturedintheOldTestament.ThisistheGod-imagethatwasexperiencedbyJob.Itischaracterizedbyacombinationofopposites:Yahwehisbothkindandwrathful,justandunjust,andhecontainstheseoppositeswithoutcontradictionbecausenoconsciousnesshaseverintervenedtochallengethecontradiction.Job,inhisencounterwithYahweh,becomesthatconsciousness,perceivesthecontradictionandtherebygeneratesthechallengetoYahweh.
2)TheGod-imageaspicturedinChristiantheology.InChristiantheologytheGod-imageofYahwehhasundergoneatransformationbytheIncarnation.It'sneversaidsooutright,itwouldbekindofscandaloustosayitoutright.Butinthelegendaryandmarginalmaterialit'sstatedquiteexplicitlythatYahwehwastamedinthelapoftheVirgin.Heunderwentatransformation,that'stheidea,bybeingincarnatedasman.TheYahwehGod-imageisbornasaman,andintheprocessofthatincarnationhetakesonaone-sidedgoodness.Hebecomesexclusivelytheloving,benevolentGodwhohasnodarknessinhim.ThatisrepresentedbythefigureofChristwhoistheologicallyconsideredtobethesonofGod.ButasJungpointsout,he'sonlyoneoftwosons.Inthebackgroundistheotherson,Satan,theAntichrist,whoisgoingtohavehisdaysoonerorlater.
3)TheGod-imageasexperiencedpsychologicallybymodernmenandwomentakesusuptothepresenttimetoourownindividualexperiencewhichweneedtobringtothisstudyofAnswertoJobin
ordertomakeitreallyrelevantpsychologically.JunghashadalottosayabouthowtheGod-imageisexperiencedpsychologicallyandIwanttospendmostoftheremainderofourtimetodaygivingexamplesofJung'sexperienceoftheGod-image.
Here'showheputitinhisVisionsSeminars:
ForthecollectiveunconsciouswecouldusethewordGod....
Youallknowwhatthecollectiveunconsciousis,youhavecer-
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taindreamsthatcarrythehallmarkofthecollectiveunconscious:insteadofdreamingofAuntThisorUncleThat,youdreamofalion,andthentheanalystwilltellyouthatthatisamythologicalmotif,andyouwillunderstandthatitisthecollectiveunconscious.Soyougetthecollectiveunconsciousrightthere.ThisGodisnolongermilesofabstractspaceawayfromyouinanextra-mundanesphere.Thisdivinityisnotaconceptinatheologicaltextbook,orintheBible;itisanimmediatething,ithappensinyourdreamsatnight,itcausesyoutohavepainsinthestomach,diarrhea,constipation,awholehostofneuroses....Ifyoutrytoformulateit,tothinkwhatthecollectiveunconsciousisafterall,youwindupbyconcludingthatitiswhattheProphetswereconcernedwith;itsoundsexactlylikesomethingsintheOldTestament.ThereGodsendsplaguesuponpeople,heburnstheirbonesinthenight,heinjurestheirkidneys,hecausesallsortsoftroubles.Thenyoucomenaturallytothedilemma:IsthatreallyGod?IsGodaneurosis?...Nowthatisashockingdilemma,Iadmit,butwhenyouthinkconsistentlyandlogically,youcometotheconclusionthatGodisamostshockingproblem.Andthatisthetruth,Godhasshockedpeopleoutoftheirwits.ThinkwhathedidtopooroldHosea.Hewasarespectablemanandhehadtomarryaprostitute.Probablyhesufferedfromastrangekindofmothercomplex.9
ThatonepassagewillgiveyouanideaofwhattheGod-imageiswhenencounteredpsychologically.I'mgoingtogiveyoufurtherexamples.Inthe1937Terrylectures,Jungdiscussesapatientwhohadacancerphobia.Hewasconvincedhehadcancer,andnoamountofmedicalexaminationcouldconvincehimotherwise.
What,then,shallwesaytoourpatientwiththeimaginarycancer?Iwouldtellhim:''Yes,myfriend,youarereallysufferingfromacancer-likething,youreallydoharbourinyourselfadeadlyevil.However,itwillnotkillyourbody,becauseitisimaginary.Butitwilleventuallykillyoursoul.Ithasalreadyspoiltandevenpoisonedyourhumanrelationsandyourpersonalhappinessanditwillgoongrowinguntilithasswallowedyourwholepsychicexistence.Sothatintheendyouwillnotbeahumanbeinganymore,butanevildestructivetumour.''10
9Vol.2,p.391.10"PsychologyandReligion,"PsychologyandReligion,CW11,par.19.
Page14
Jungcontinues:
Itis,tomymind,afatalmistaketoregardthehumanpsycheasapurelypersonalaffair....[If]someslighttroubleoccurs,perhapsintheformofanunforeseenandsomewhatunusualevent,instantlyinstinctualforcesarecalledup,forceswhichappeartobewhollyunexpected,new,andstrange.Theycannolongerbeexplainedintermsofpersonalmotives,beingcomparablerathertocertainprimitiveoccurrenceslikepanicsatsolareclipsesandthelike....
Thechangeofcharacterbroughtaboutbytheuprushofcollectiveforcesisamazing.Agentleandreasonablebeingcanbetransformedintoamaniacorasavagebeast....Asamatteroffact,weareconstantlylivingontheedgeofavolcano,andthereis,sofarasweknow,nowayofprotectingourselvesfromapossibleoutburst....
...Itonlyneedsaneurosistoconjureupaforcethatcannotbedealtwithbyrationalmeans.Ourcancercaseshowsclearlyhowimpotentman'sreasonandintellectareagainstthemostpalpablenonsense.Ialwaysadvisemypatientstotakesuchobviousbutinvinciblenonsenseasthemanifestationofapowerandameaningtheyhavenotyetunderstood....Ourpatientisconfrontedwithapowerofwillandsuggestionmorethanequaltoanythinghisconsciousnesscanputagainstit.Inthisprecarioussituationitwouldbebadstrategytoconvincehimthatinsomeincomprehensiblewayheisatthebackofhisownsymptom,secretlyinventingandsupportingit.Suchasuggestionwouldinstantlyparalysehisfightingspirit,andhewouldgetdemoralized.Itisfarbetterforhimtounderstandthathiscomplexisanautonomouspower[i.e.,God]directedagainsthisconsciouspersonality.11
Thismanwascaughtbyhisphobia.That'showtheGod-imagemanifestedinhim.
Inaninterviewhegavenotlongbeforehisdeath,JungdescribedhisexperienceoftheGod-imageinthesewords:
TothisdayGodisthenamebywhichIdesignateallthingswhichcrossmywillfulpath,violentlyandrecklessly,allthingswhichupsetmy
subjectiveviews,plansandintentionsandchangethecourseofmylifeforbetterorworse.12
11Ibid.,pars.2426.12InterviewpublishedinGoodHousekeepingMagazine,December1961.SeealsoLetters,vol.2,p.525.
Page15
InalettertoErichNeumannconcerningAnswertoJobJungreferstohisexperienceofGodinthisway:
Icouldnolongerconsidertheaveragereader.Ratherhehastoconsiderme.[ThisiswhyitissohardforustounderstandAnswertoJob,youseebecausethisistheattitudehe'swritingitoutof.]Ihadtopaythistributetothepitilessfactofmyoldage.Withtheundimmedprospectofall-aroundincomprehensionIcouldexercisenosuasionsandnocaptatiobenevolentiae[curryingfavor];therewasnohopeoffunnellingknowledgeintofools.Notinmylivery,but"nakedandbareImustgodowntothegrave,"fullyawareoftheoutragemynakednesswillprovoke.ButwhatisthatcomparedwiththearroganceIhadtosummonupinordertobeabletoinsultGod?...
ThebookisabouttheCanonicalGod-image.Thisisourprimeconcern,andnotageneralphilosophicalconceptofGod.Godisalwaysspecificandalwayslocallyvalid,otherwisehewouldbeineffectual.TheWesternGod-imageisthevalidoneforme,whetherIassenttoitintellectuallyornot.Idonotgoinforreligiousphilosophy,butamheldinthrall,almostcrushed,anddefendmyselfasbestIcan....Thisislocal,barbaric,infantile,andabysmallyunscientific.13
That'sthequalityoftheGod-imageandtheGod-experiencethatJunghadandoutofwhichAnswertoJobwaswritten.
Inanotherletterwrittenafewdaysearlier,he'sreplyingtoaninquiryaboutAnswertoJobinwhichthecorrespendenthadcommentedonJung'ssarcasm.
Whatoffendsyoubotheredmetoo.Iwouldhavelikedtoavoidsarcasmandmockerybutcouldn't,forthatisthewayIfeltandifIhadnotsaidsoitwouldhavebeenalltheworse,buthidden.IrealizedonlyafterwardsthattheyhavetheirplaceasexpressingresistancetoGod'snature,whichsetsusatoddswithourselves.IhadtowrenchmyselffreeofGod,sotospeak,inordertofindthatunityinmyselfwhichGodseeksthroughman....
Sarcasmiscertainlynotaprettyquality,butIamforcedtouseevenmeansIfindreprehensibleinordertodelivermyselffromtheFather.Godhimselfusesverydifferentmeanstojoltthesehumanbeingsofhisintoconsciousness.Ithasnotyetbeenforgotten,I
13Letters,vol.2,p.32.
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hope,whathappenedinGermanyandwhatishappeningdayafterdayinRussia.Job'ssufferingneverceasesandmultipliesamillionfold.Icannotavertmyeyesfromthat.ByremainingwiththeFather,IdenyhimthehumanbeinginwhomhecouldunifyhimselfandbecomeOne,andhowcanIhelphimbetterthanbybecomingOnemyself?...
Sarcasmisthemeansbywhichwehideourhurtfeelingsfromourselves,andfromthisyoucanseehowverymuchtheknowledgeofGodhaswoundedme,andhowverymuchIwouldhavepreferredtoremainachildintheFather'sprotectionandshuntheproblemofopposites.Itisprobablyevenmoredifficulttodeliveroneselffromgoodthanfromevil.ButwithoutsinthereisnobreakingawayfromthegoodFather;sarcasmplaysthecorrespondingroleinthiscase.14
InalettertoMortonKelsey,JungcontinuestospeakofhisexperienceofGod:
[In]discussingtheadmittedlyanthropomorphicimageofYahweh...Idonotapplymetaphysicaljudgements.FromthismethodologicalstandpointIgainthenecessaryfreedomofcriticism.TheabsenceofhumanmoralityinYahwehisastumblingblockwhichcannotbeoverlooked,aslittleasthefactthatNature,i.e.,God'screation,doesnotgiveusenoughreasontobelieveittobepurposiveorreasonableinthehumansense.Wemissreasonandmoralvalues....ItisthereforeobviousthattheYahwisticimageorconceptionofthedeityislessthan[thatof]certainhumanspecimens:theimageofapersonifiedbrutalforceandofanunethicalandnon-spiritualmind,yetinconsistentenoughtoexhibittraitsofkindnessandgenerositybesidesaviolentpower-drive.Itisthepictureofasortofnature-demonandatthesametimeofaprimitivechieftainaggrandizedtoacolossalsize....
Thisimageowesitsexistence[tocertainexperiencesoftheprophets]....
ThismostshockingdefectuosityoftheGod-imageoughttobeexplainedorunderstood.Thenearestanalogytoitisourexperienceoftheunconscious:itisapsychewhosenaturecanonlybedescribedbyparadoxes:itispersonalaswellasimpersonal,moralandamoral,justandunjust,ethicalandunethical,ofcunningintelligenceandatthesametime
blind,immenselystrongandextremelyweak,etc.
14ibid.,p.28.
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Thisisthepsychicfoundationwhichproducestherawmaterialforourconceptualstructures.TheunconsciousisapieceofNatureourmindcannotcomprehend.Itcanonlysketchmodels.15
Jung'slettersgiveusapictureofhowhecametowriteAnswertoJobinthespringof1951.Itwasn'ttheresultofarationaldecision.Hewasseventy-fiveyearsoldandinthemidstofafebrileillness.Itwasvirtuallydictatedtohimfromtheunconsciousandassoonasitwascompleted,hisillnesswasover.
InalettertoAnielaJafféonJuly18,1951,Jungwrote:
Ifthereisanythinglikethespiritseizingonebythescruffoftheneck,itwasthewaythisbookcameintobeing.16
Andacoupleofyearslater:
Thebook"cametome"duringthefeverofanillness.ItwasasifaccompaniedbythegreatmusicofaBachoraHandel....Ijusthadthefeelingoflisteningtoagreatcomposition,orratherofbeingataconcert.17
Andagain:
MycriticismoftheYahwisticGod-imageisforyouwhattheexperiencewasforme:adramathatwasnotminetocontrol.Ifeltmyselfutterlythecausaministerialisofmybook.Itcameuponmesuddenlyandunexpectedlyduringafeverishillness.IfeelitscontentasanunfoldingofthedivineconsciousnessinwhichIparticipate,likeitornot.18
AlsoEstherHardingtoldmethatduringhisillnessafiguresatonhisbedpostanddictatedAnswertoJobtohim.Hesayssomethingaboutthisinoneofhisletters,too.He'srespondingtoareviewofAnswertoJob:
AllowmetotellyouthatIamprofoundlygratefultoyouforyourmostremarkablyobjectivereviewofmyuncouthattempttodisturbtheobnoxioussomnolenceoftheguardians.Thatisthewayin
15Ibid.,p.434.16Ibid.,p.20.17Ibid.,p.116.18Ibid.,p.112.
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whichthisdamnablelittlebooklookstome....Iwouldnothavewrittenthisthing.Ihadkeptawayfromitstudiously.IhadpublishedbeforethevolumeAioninpolitelanguageandasmuchmanmadeaspossible.Itwasnotsufficientapparently,becauseIgotillandwhenIwasinthefeveritcaughtmeandbroughtmedowntowritingdespitemyfever,myage,andmyheartthatisnonetoogood.IcanassureyouIamamoralcowardaslongaspossible.Asagoodlittlebourgeoiscitizen,Iamlyinglowandconcealedasdeeplyaspossible,stillshockedbytheamountoftheindiscretionsIhavecommitted,swearingtomyselfthattherewouldbenomoreofitbecauseIwantpeaceandfriendlyneighbourhoodandagoodconscienceandthesleepofthejust.WhyshouldIbetheunspeakablefooltojumpintothecauldron?
Well,Idon'twanttobemelodramatic.Thisisjustforyourpersonalinformation.IhavenomeritandnoproperguiltsinceIgottoit"likeadogtoakick,"aswesay.AndthelittlemoralcowardIamgoesonwhining:WhyshouldIbealwaystheonethatcollectsallavailablekicks?
Itellyouthesethingsbecauseyouhavebeennice,just,andlenientwithme.Theattribute"coarse"ismildincomparisontowhatyoufeelwhenGoddislocatesyourhiporwhenheslaysthefirstborn....
Thatisonesideofmyexperienceswithwhatiscalled"God.""Coarse"istooweakawordforit.''Crude,""violent,""cruel,''"bloody,""hellish,""demonic"wouldbebetter.ThatIwasnotdownrightblasphemousIowetomydomesticationandpolitecowardice.AndateachstepIfelthinderedbyabeatificvisionofwhichI'dbettersaynothing.19
ButhedidsaysomethingaboutitinMemories,Dreams,Reflections.20InotherwordshealsoexperiencedtheoppositeofthedarksideofGod.
Ithinkanotherself-descriptionofJungandhisexperienceofwritingAnswertoJobisimplicitinhisdescriptionofJohn,theauthoroftheBookofRevelation:
19Ibid.,pp.155f.
20Seep.294,whereJungdescribeshisconiunctiovisionsduringhisnear-fatalillnessin1944.ThispassageisalsoquotedinEdinger,TheBibleandthePsyche:IndividuationSymbolismintheOldTestament,pp.144145.
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Inconfiniomortis[theedgeofdeath]andintheeveningofalongandeventfullifeamanwilloftenseeimmensevistasoftimestretchingoutbeforehim.Suchamannolongerlivesintheeverydayworldandinthevicissitudesofpersonalrelationships,butinthesightofmanyaeonsandinthemovementofideasastheypassfromcenturytocentury.21
ThatdescriptionfitsJung,Ithink,andit'soutofthatstateofmindthatAnswertoJobwaswritten.
WheneverIstarttoconsideraworkthefirstthingIlookatisthetitle.Iassumethattitleswillhavedepthsofmeaningthatbearsomereflectionthatthey'renotjustcasuallabels.ThisbookistitledAnswertoJob.Jungtellsusinthecourseoftheworkwhatthefirstlevelofmeaningofthattitleis:SinceYahwehtreatedJobunjustly,andsincethatfactwasregisteredconsciouslybyJob,thecrimethatYahwehcommittedagainstJobonaccountofhisunconsciousness,requiredrectification,requiredananswer.AndJungtellsus,inthebook,thatYahweh'sanswertohisunjusttreatmentofJobwashisincarnationasman.SinceinhisencounterwithYahweh,Job,astheimageofhumanity,haddisplayedaconsciousnesssuperiortoYahweh's,Yahwehwasobligedtocatchupwithhimmorally,sotospeak,andtheanswerwasforYahwehtobecomeman.That'stheobviousfirst-levelofmeaningofthetitle,AnswertoJob.
Ithinkthere'sasecondlevelofmeaning,too.AndIsuspectthatJungwasawareofit,aswell.ThesecondlevelofmeaningisthatJungisprovidingtheanswertoJob.Althoughthefirstlevelofmeaningwasprovidedtwothousandyearsago,nobodyhasrealizedthatthatwastheanswertoJob.Ifsomethingdoesn'treachconsciousness,itdoesn'texist.Jung'sinsightaboutthisstateofaffairseffectivelyanswersJobandofcoursenotonlytheJobofantiquitybutJobasthearchetypeofallofsufferinghumanitythathasbeenobligedtosufferunjustlybecauseofthenatureofreality.Because,asJungtellsushere,"Godis
Realityitself."(par.631)
21"AnswertoJob,"PsychologyandReligion,CW11,par.717.[Subsequentreferencesaretoparagraphnumberonly,andinthemaintext,exceptforthePrefatoryNote,wheretheparagraphsarenotnumbered.Ed.]
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Finally,justonefurtherremarkconcerningthemagnitudeofthiswork.Marie-LouisevonFranz,inherbiographyofJung,tellsusthatthisistheoneworkwithwhichJungwascompletelysatisfied.22HewouldliketohavehadtheopportunitytorewriteallofhisotherworksbutwithregardtoAnswertoJobhewascontenttoleaveitjustasitstands.
WemaynotbeabletoappreciatethefullmeaningofJung'sAnswertoJobinourbriefstudy.Inmyopinionitwilltakecenturiesforthemeaningofthisworktobeassimilated.Butagoodattitudewithwhichtoapproachitisoneinwhichyoukeepinminditsmagnitudeandwhenyourunacrosssomethingyoudon'tunderstand,don'tassumeit'safailureonJung'spart.
22Seeabove,note2.
Page21
2PrefatoryNote,Paragraphs553559andtheBookofJobLasttimeweendedwithadiscussionofthetwolevelsofmeaningofthetitleofAnswertoJob.TodaywewillcontinueinsequencewithadiscussionofthePrefatoryNoteandthenextchapter,LectoriBenevoloandwewillconcludewithanotherlookattheBookofJoboftheOldTestamentwhichIaskedyoutoreread.
PrefatoryNote
InhisPrefatoryNoteJungtellsusthattheoccasionforwritingAnswertoJob(toputitinanutshell)washisencounterwiththeproblemoftheopposites.Andhetellsusthatthisproblempresenteditselftohimintwodifferentareas:
1)TheproblemoftheoppositesintheChristianGod-imagewhichhehadbeenworkingoninAion.
2)Theoppositesasencounteredinalchemy.
LetmereadagainJung'swords:
ThemostimmediatecauseofmywritingthebookisperhapstobefoundincertainproblemsdiscussedinmybookAion,especiallytheproblemsofChristasasymbolicfigureandoftheantagonismChrist-Antichrist,representedinthetraditionalzodiacalsymbolismofthetwofishes.23
Hethengoesontocriticizetheideaoftheprivatioboni,writing:
Psychologicalexperienceshowsthatwhateverwecall"good"isbalancedbyanequallysubstantial"bad"or''evil."24
SotheoppositesJungengagedarethoseofgoodandevil.
Asakindofcorollarytohisencounterwiththeoppositesinthe
ChristianGod-image,Jungaddressesthequestion,"Whenceevil?"
23PsychologyandReligion,CW11,p.357.24Ibid.
Page22
Hesays:
LaterChristianity...isdualistic,inasmuchasitsplitsoffonehalfoftheopposites,personifiedinSatan,[who]iseternalinhisstateofdamnation.Thiscrucialquestion[of"whenceevil"]...formsthepointofdeparturefortheChristiantheoryofRedemption.25
WhatJungmeansbythatisthattheChristiantheoryofredemptionpositsthesourceofeviltoresideinman.Manisthesourceofevilandthereforemanisinneedofredemption.That'sthepointofdeparturefortheChristiantheoryofredemption.PracticallyspeakingitlocatesevilinmanbutthentheologicallyspeakingitlocatesevilinthehypostasizedfigureofSatan.Sothatyou'vegotadoublemessagethere,anambiguitythathasneverbeenfacedsquarelyuntilJungfaceditinthisbook.
Sothat'stheencounterwiththeoppositesintheChristianGodimage.AndJungsaystheotherplacewhereheencounterstheoppositesisinalchemy:
Thestudyofmedievalnaturalphilosophy[that'salchemy]ofthegreatestimportancetopsychologymademetrytofindananswertothequestion:whatimageofGoddidtheseoldphilosophershave?Orrather:howshouldthesymbolswhichsupplementtheirimageofGodbeunderstood?AllthispointedtoacomplexiooppositorumandthusrecalledagainthestoryofJobtomymind:JobwhoexpectedhelpfromGodagainstGod.ThismostpeculiarfactpresupposesasimilarconceptionoftheoppositesinGod.26
Youseehisbasicconcernisdealingwiththepsychologicalproblemoftheopposites.AndI'llremindyouthatatthesametimeashewroteAnswertoJobhewasputtingMysteriumConiunctionistogether.Thatwasn'tpublishedtill1955butheworkedonitoveraten-yearperiod.Therefore(asheactuallysaysinMysteriumConiunctionis)AnswertoJobisakindofappendagetothatworkaswellasbeingakindofsequeltoAion.Itispartofthesamefabricasboththoseworks.
IwanttocallattentiontoaremarkJungmakesaboutthestyleof
25Ibid.,p.358.26Ibid.
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writingheemploysinAnswertoJob:
Iwasgrippedbytheurgencyanddifficultyoftheproblemandwasunabletothrowitoff.ThereforeIfoundmyselfobligedtodealwiththewholeproblem,andIdidsointheformofdescribingapersonalexperience,carriedbysubjectiveemotions.IdeliberatelychosethisformbecauseIwantedtoavoidtheimpressionthatIhadanyideaofannouncingan"eternaltruth."27
Iunderstandthatremarktomeanheverycarefullyandexplicitlywrotethismaterialoutofhishumanwholeness.Thiskindofmaterialisreallyverydangeroustotalkabout,becauseit'ssoeasytofallintoaninflation.ItisanexampleofJung'scanninessindealingwiththeunconsciousthathecomestothismaterialoutofhumanwholenessandthusavoidstheinflationwhichwouldotherwisebeconstellatedwheneveronestartstouchingthishighlynuminousmaterial.Hewritesthisbookthroughoutwithabsolutehumanness.Hedoesn'twriteabstractlyatall,andtheearthycolloquialspeechispartofhisprotectionagainstinflationbecauseit'sverydangeroustotalkaboutthislevelofmaterial.
LectoriBenevolo[TotheKindReader]
WiththisphraseJungisaskingfortheindulgenceofthereaderwhomheknowshe'sabouttooffend.He'sapproachinguswithelaboratecourtesybecauseheknowshe'sgoingtostiruprhinoceros-likeaffectsandashetellsusinanotherplace,rhinocerosesdon'tliketobesurprisedsotheyshouldbetreatedwithelaboratecourtesy.
That'showIunderstandthatparticularphrase,"TotheKindReader."He'saskingforourkindnessinviewoftheoffensehe'sabouttooffer.Becauseassoonasyoubegintolookhonestlyintothematerialinthisbookyourealizethatit'sgoingtooffendalmosteverybody.Andifyou'renotoffended,youprobablydon'tunderstandwhathe'ssaying.
EitheronewillbeoffendedthatJungcontradictsthefamiliarGod-imagethatonecherishesinone'sownreligiousconfessionorformulation,eitherthat,orifoneisasecularrationalisthewillbeoffended
27Ibid.
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thatJungtakessoseriouslytheprimitiveanthropomorphicGod-imagethatrationalistshavelongsincediscredited.Oneortheotherstandpointisgoingtobeoffendedandit'squitepossiblethatasinglepersonwillbeoffendedatbothlevelsatthesametime.SoIurgeallofyoutoadmitityou'reannoyed.
IknowwhenIfirstreadAnswertoJobwhenitcameoutintranslationinthefifties,whatoffendedmewashowseriouslyhetookthisOldTestamentGod-image,expectingsomethingfromHim.InotherwordsIhadtherationalistposition.Ithought,"GrowupJung,don'tyourealizeyoumustn'texpectjustice?Theworldisn'tlikethat."InotherwordsIhadacynical,stoic,rationalisticattitudetowardtheworld.That'showIoriginallyexperiencedmyoffense.AndIthinkeachofyoushouldaskyourselfhowyouareoffended,becauseifyoulocatehowyouareoffendeditwilltellyousomethingaboutthenatureofyourownunconsciousassumptionsandthatcanbeavaluablebitofself-knowledge.
Nextcomesthemotto.IntheGermanoriginalofAnswertoJobthismottoappearsintheLatinoftheVulgateDoleosupertefratermi...ThemeaningofthesewordsisnotaccuratelyconveyedbytheAuthorizedVersionpassagethatappearsintheEnglishtranslation.Theactualtranslationshouldread,"Igrieveforyoumybrother,"becausehe'sgrievingoverabrother'sdeath.Thisisn'tjustamatterofbeingdistressedtheworddoleomeansIgrieve,Isufferaloss.
Thebackgroundofthisquotationishighlysignificant.ItisanutteranceofDavid'sconcerninghisdearfriendJonathan.Jonathan,thesonofKingSaul,hadjustdiedinabattlewiththePhilistines,alongwithhisfather.Theyhadbothperishedinthatsamebattle.AndDavidissinginganelegytotheminwhichtheselinesappear,"OJonathan,inyourdeathIamstricken,IgrieveforyouJonathan,mybrother."28
Nowyouhavetorememberthatthismottoisdirectedatthe"kindreader,"namelyatuswewhoarereadingit.AndJungissaying"Igrieveforyoumybrotherwhoisabouttoreadthiswork."
Let'sspendafewmomentsexaminingtheBiblicalcontextof
282Sam.1:26,JerusalemBible(modified).
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thesewords:SaulwasthefirstkingofIsrael,andalthoughthespiritofYahwehwaswithhimattheoutset,itturnednegativeanddestroyedhim.DavidwasthesecondkingofIsraelandthespiritofYahwehwhichhadabandonedSaulenteredDavidwhothenhadasuccessfulreign.
NowJonathanwasthesonofSaulbuthewasaloyalfriendofDavid,thoughDavidwasdestinedtoreplacehimastheking'ssuccessor.RememberthatJonathanwashisbeloved,loyalfriend.Yousee,thiswasamomentofmomentoustransitionbetweenthereignofKingSaulandthatofKingDavid.
InanearlierseriesoflecturesIspokeofSaulasrepresentingthefirst-stageegoandDavidasrepresentingthesecond-stageego.29Thesecond-stageegoistheonewiththerightrelationshiptotheSelf.AndJonathan,thesonofSaul,iscaughtbetweenconflictingloyalties.Loyaltyashisfather'ssonononehandandtotheKing-to-be,David,ontheotherhand.ButhewasnotabletochoosewholeheartedlyforDavid.IfhehadhewouldhavegoneovertoDavid'spartyandhewouldnothavebeenwithhisfatherduringthebattlewiththePhilistinesanddiedwithhim.Sohisresidualdependenceontheoutwornstateofbeingiswhatkilledhim.
I'mgoingintoallofthisbecauseitisrelevanttothewayJungperceivesthosewhoareabouttoreadhisbook.ItcorrespondstoJung'sfeelingaboutthecontemporaryworldtowhomheissendingthisbook.Yousee,likeDavid,hewasallalone.Aboutsevenmonthsbeforehediedheunburdenedhimselfinalettertoapersonwhohadsenthimabook,someonehedidn'tknow.Herearesomeofthethingshehadtosay:
IhadtounderstandthatIwasunabletomakethepeopleseewhatIamafter.Iampracticallyalone.Thereareafewwhounderstandthisandthatbutalmostnobodyseesthewhole....Ihavefailedinmyforemosttask,to
openpeople'seyestothefactthatmanhasasoul,andthereisaburiedtreasureinthefieldandthatourreligionandphilosophyisinalamentablestate.30AnswertoJobiswrittenoutofthatkindoflonelyawareness.
29SeeTheBibleandthePsyche,pp.8182.30QuotedbyGerhardAdlerin"AspectsofJung'sPersonality,"p.14.
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Jungisawarethatthereadersofhisbookare,atbest,inthesamesituationasJonathan,namelycaughtintheoldattitudeandinthemomentofcrucialtransitionunabletofreethemselvescompletelytogoovertothenewattitude.We,likeJonathan,mustperishbecauseweareoperatingoutoftheoldattitude,thestandpointofKingSaul.
NowletusturntothesubstanceoftheLectoriBenevolo.It'sreallyaquitewonderfulexpositionoftherealityofthepsyche.This,youknow,isprobablythebasicthemeofJungianpsychologytherealityofthepsyche.AndJungstartsrightoutbytellingusthathe'sindangerofbeingtorntopiecesbythetwopartieswhoareinmortalconflictoverpsychologicalmatters.Eitherthepsychologicalimageryisembeddedinametaphysicalreligiouscontextandmustbetakenasconcretelytrueortheimagerycanbesubjectedtorationalistic/reductivecriticismandinterpretedawayintonothing.That'swhatIcall,elsewhere,theconcretisticandthereductivefallacies.Jungsaysthatifyou'regoingtotalkaboutthesemattersyou'regoingtobetornapartbythetwopartieswhotaketheseopposingpositions.Whereaswhathe'sofferingisathirdposition,whichisthatthesearepsychictruths.
Therearetwoorthreepagesherethatareworthmanyreadingsbecausetherealityofthepsycheiscommunicatedjustaboutaswellasitispossibletodoinwords.However,Ican'temphasizeenoughhowdifficultitisforallofustorealizetherealityofthepsyche,eventhoughwetalkaboutitallthetime.Andthat'swhyJungwassolonely.Intellectuallyit'seasyenoughtograsptheideabuttoappreciateitslivingrealityinouractualday-to-daylifeisquiteanothermatter.
InordertoillustratethisdifficultyJungwasfondofrecountingasituationwherehehadtriedtoimpressuponapatienttherealityofapsychicmatterandhe'djustgetthisblind,agreeableresponsewhich
didn'tseemtoregisterthefullreality.Jungsaidaboutthis:"ItwasasifIweretotellthatfellowthathehasarattlesnakeinhispocketandheweretosmileandsay,'Oh,isthatso?'"
That'sthenatureoftherealityofthepsyche,andwhenitdawnsonyou,thenithasthequalityofarattlesnake.
Nowthereasonwecan'trealizetherealityofthepsycheisthatitrequiresahigherlevelofconsciousnessthanweyetpossess.Itis
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myexperiencethatonlyafteryearsandyearsofanalysisdoafewpeople,averyfew,begintogetaglimpseofit.Butbyandlargeit'snotsomethingavailabletoourtime.Byandlargeit'sarealizationthat'sgoingtohavetoawaitfuturehumandevelopment.Andthat'swhyJungwassolonely.
HequotestheChurchfatherTertullianconcerningthetestimoniesofthesoul.(par.556)I'mnotgoingtoreadthatbecauseofitslength,butI'mgoingtoreadacompanionquotetoitthatisakindoftestimonytotherealityofthepsyche.ThisisapassagefromtheGnosticteacherMonoïmos.Itreallypointsthewaytoarealizationofthatrattlesnake.Here'swhathesays:
Seekhim[God]fromthyself,andlearnwhoitisthattakespossessionofeverythinginthee,saying:mygod,myspirit,myunderstanding,mysoul,mybody;andlearnwhenceissorrowandjoy,andloveandhate,andwakingthoughonewouldnot,andsleepingthoughonewouldnot,andgettingangrythoughonewouldnot,andfallinginlovethoughonewouldnot.Andifyoushouldstcloselyinvestigatethesethings,thouwiltfindHiminthyself,theOneandtheMany,liketothatlittlepoint,foritisintheethathehathhisorigin.31
Sohere'ssomethingtomeditateon:yourthoughts,yourfeelings,yourpassions,youraffectsthey'renotyoursatall.Youdon'tcreatethem.It'sonlythechild'spsychethatthinkstheyarehis.Theycomefromanunknownsourceandflowthroughusandastherealityofthepsychebeginstodawnthentheobjectiverealizationalsodawnsthattheseconstituentsofthepsychearenotcreatedbytheegoatall.Theegojustnoticesthatthey'vearrived,sotospeak.
IncontinuinghisremarksabouttherealityofthepsycheJungmakesanimportantstatement.Hesays,"StatementsmadeintheHolyScripturesarealsoutterancesofthesoul."(par.557)
ThisisthemethodologicalbasisforallthatfollowsinAnswertoJob
becauseJungistakingscripturalmaterialandinterpretingandunderstandingthatmaterialasutterancesofthesoulmanifestationsoftheobjectivepsyche.AndthebasisforJung'sassumptionisthattheScripturesattainthedesignationofholinessorsacrednessasa
31Aion,CW9ii,par.347.
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judgmentoftheconsensus.Overanadequateperiodoftimetheconsensusofhumanity,representingthecollectivepsyche,acknowledgestheirnuminosityandestablishesthemashavingsacredcontentandthusmarksthemastheutterancesofthesoul.
AndfinallyinLectoriBenevolo,Jungspeaksaboutadualstandpointtowardthearchetypalimages,namelyrecognizingthattheyarebothobjectsandsubjects.Thatmeansthatwhenweexperienceanarchetypalimagewecanstudyitasanobjectwecandescribeit,wecanclassifyit.Butatthesametimeitremainsasubject.Thatmeansthatthearchetypalimageisaseparatepersonality.It'saninteriorpersonalitythathassomethingofitsownsubjectivewillandintentionwhichiswhatwewouldexpectwhenweencounteranouterpersonality,anoutersubject.
Andsincethearchetypalimagehasthistwofoldreferencethenanencounterwithsuchacontentwillhaveatwofoldeffect.ItwillaffectmeandIwillaffectit.Whentheegoencountersthearchetype,thearchetypeischangedandwhenthearchetypeencounterstheego,theegoischanged.Adouble,reciprocaleffecttakesplace.
Turningnowtoourthirdcategory,IaskedyoutorereadtheBookofJobinpreparationforourstudy.LetmejustremindyouoftheoutlineoftheJobstory.
There'sawagerinheavenbetweenSatanandYahwehastowhetherornotJobcanbeturnedawayfromGodkindofaheavenlyconspiracy.Jobisthenbesetwithmultiplecalamities.Jobthenquestionshissituation:''Whyisthishappeningtome?"HecallsouttoGodtoexplaintohimwhythisishappening,tojustifytohimthereasonforit.Hesayshe'snotanevilmanandhislife,hisbehavior,doesnot,injustice,warrantthiskindoftreatment.Counselorsarriveonthescenewhotellhim,ineffect,toquitquestioningwhat'sbeyondhimandjustsubmitandadmitthatthoughhemaynotunderstandit,
Godisjust.ButJobrefuses.Heperseveresinhisquestioningandinmaintaininghisintegrity,asheputsit.Andthenfinally,Yahwehmanifests.Heshowshimselfinthewhirlwindandinhisgreatfinalspeechsays,ineffect,"Whoareyoutoquestionme?Lookatallmygrandeur."Andwiththat,Jobissilencedandacceptsthesituation.AndYahwehthenrestoresallhispropertybetterthanbefore.That'sthebarebonesoftheBiblicalaccount.
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NowthisstoryistheprototypeofwhatIcalltheJobarchetype,whichpicturesacertaintypicalencounterbetweentheegoandtheSelf.IdistinguishfourchieffeaturesoftheJobarchetype:
1)There'sanencounterbetweentheegoandthegreaterpower.
2)Awoundorasufferingoftheegoresultsfromtheencounter.
3)Theegoperseveresininsistinguponscrutinizingtheexperienceinsearchofitsmeaning.Itwillnotgiveupindespairorcynicismbutperseveresintheassumptionthattheexperienceismeaningful.ThiscorrespondstoJacob'srefusaltoreleasetheangelthathe'swrestlingwithuntilhereceivesablessing.AndthisegoattitudecorrespondsalsotoJob'sinsistenceonthinkingthatheknowsthathisredeemerliveseventhoughhe'sbeingmistreated.
4)Asaresultofthatadivinerevelationtakesplacebywhichtheegoisrewardedwithinsightintothenatureofthetranspersonalpsycheanditwillbeaninsightthatsatisfiestheego.Itanswersthequestioninsomeformoranotherandbringsacceptance.
Nowthisfullsequencecantakeplaceonlyifitisn'tshort-circuitedbyapersonalisticorreductiveinterpretationatstepthree.Yousee,ifJobhadsubmittedtotheadviceofhiscounselorsthatsomewayorotherhehaditcoming,eventhoughhecan'tunderstandwhy,andheshouldadmitthathe'sgettinghisjustdeserts,ashortcircuitwouldhavetakenplaceandtherewouldhavebeennodivinerevelation.
ThisproblemisillustratedbythedialoguethattookplacebetweenVictorWhiteandJung.VictorWhitewroteareviewofAnswertoJobanegativereview,quiteanegativereview.Iwanttoreadyoualittlebitofthatdialoguebecauseit'ssoveryrelevanttotheissuesthatAnswertoJobconfrontsuswith.Ican'treadyouthewholething,Idon'thaveenoughtime,butIwanttogiveyoutheflavor:
Isitprofitable,orevensensibletoanalyseapatient'sgodswithoutanalysingthepatient,orwithoutevenaglanceathiscasehistory?Canitbeirrelevanttoallthatfollowsthat,astheopeningversesoftheBookofJobtellus,Jobismateriallyprosperousandspirituallycomplacent,thathe"eschews"(theHebrewmeans"turnsasidefrom,""ignores')evil,thatheisdrivinghischildrentodrink,thatheisanxiety-riddenwiththesuspicionthattheypreciselyblaspheme....Canwetreatthearchetypalanticsas"autonomous,"independentlyofJob'sdisturbedandanxiousego?Andisitnotsympto-
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maticofthesamesplitofegofromshadowthat,asJobintensifieshisrepressions,hiswife-animaissickandtiredofhisinfantilepiety....Whatlesson,asapupilinpsychology,amIsupposedtoderivefromitall?Thatwecanlegitimatelytransferourpersonalsplitsandillstoourgodsandarchetypes,andputtheblameonthem?...OrarethecriticsrightwhoconsiderthatJungianshavebecomesopossessedbyarchetypesthattheyareindangerofabandoningelementarypersonalpsychologyaltogether?32
Jungansweredwiththisletter:
NowletusassumethatJobisneurotic...hesuffersfromaregrettablelackofinsightintohisowndissociation.Heundergoesananalysisofasort,f.i.byfollowingElihu'swisecounsel;whathewillhearandwhathewillbeawareofarethediscardedcontentsofhispersonalsubconsciousmind....YoufaintlyinsinuatethatIamcommittingElihu'serrortoo,inappealingtoarchetypesfirstandomittingtheshadow.Onecannotavoidtheshadowunlessoneremainsneurotic....Theshadowistheblockwhichseparatesusmosteffectivelyfromthedivinevoice....
IfJobsucceedsinswallowinghisshadowhewillbedeeplyashamedofthethingswhichhappened.Hewillseethathehasonlytoaccusehimself,foritishiscomplacency,hisrighteousness,hisliteral-mindednes,etc.whichhavebroughtalltheevildownuponhim....Hewillcertainlyfallintoanabyssofdespairandinferiorityfeeling,followed,ifhesurvives,byprofoundrepentance.Hewillevendoubthismentalsanity:thathe,byhisvanity,hascausedsuchanemotionalturmoil,evenadelusionofdivineinterferenceobviouslyacaseofmegalomania.
Aftersuchananalysishewillbelessinclinedthaneverbefore[tothink]thathehasheardthevoiceofGod.OrhasFreudwithallhisexperienceeverreachedsuchaconclusion?IfJobistobeconsideredasaneuroticandinterpretedfromthepersonalisticpointofview,thenhewillendwherepsychoanalysisends,viz.indisillusionmentandresignation,whereitscreatormostemphaticallyendedtoo.
SinceIthoughtthisoutcomeabitunsatisfactoryandalsoempiricallynotquitejustifiable,Ihavesuggestedthehypothesisofarche-
32JournalofAnalyticalPsychology,vol.4,no.1(January1959),pp.77ff(alsoquotedinEdinger,TheCreationofConsciousness:Jung'sMythforModernMan,pp.7778).
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typesasananswertotheproblemraisedbytheshadow.33
Yousee,theproblemraisedbytheshadowisthis:ifonetakesitallpersonally,onefallsintotheabyssbecausetheshadowhasanarchetypaldimensiontoit,andifyouhavetotakecompleteresponsibilityfortheshadow,thatamountstoatotaldemoralization.Facedwiththeoverwhelmingforceofthearchetypalshadow,andunderstandingitasyourcompleteresponsibility,youhavenoalternativebuttocommitsuicide.
NowthesepassagesbringupafundamentalquestionthatIwantyoutoreflecton:Indealingwithpsychicproblemsinourselvesandinourpatients,whenisitpropertouseapersonalisticapproachandwhenisitpropertouseanarchetypalapproach?Inotherwords,whenistheJobarchetypetrulyconstellatedandwhencanthatsymbolismbeproperlyapplied?
That'saquestionI'dlikeyoutoreflectonandperhapssomeofyouwillhavesomecommentsandremarks,perhapsinthediscussionorinthefuture.Becauseit'sbasictoourclinicalworkandtoourownpersonalanalysis.
33Letters,vol.2,p.545.
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3Paragraphs560576Justasinadreamseriesonepaysparticularattentiontotheinitialdream,inanimportantbookonepaysparticularattentiontothefirstsentence.Previouslywediscussedthetitle,thePrefatoryNoteandtheLectoriBenevolo(TotheKindReader),buttodaywebeginourdiscussionofAnswertoJobproper.
TheinitialsentenceofAnswertoJobisthefollowing:
TheBookofJobisalandmarkinthelonghistoricaldevelopmentofadivinedrama.(par.560)
AsIreadthatsentenceIaskmyself,''Whatdoeshemean,'divinedrama.'What'sthat?"
Ithinktheterm"divinedrama"referstotheprogressive,dramaticevolutionandunfoldingoftheobjectivepsycheinthecourseofemerginglife,andinthecourseofhumanhistory.Actuallythissentencecouldverywellbetranslatedalittledifferently.Translatedas"historicaldevelopment"isthewordEntwicklungswege,whichIthinkmoreliterallymightmean"processofevolution"or"pathofevolution.''Entwicklungisthewordusedforbiologicalevolution,soithasabiologicalconnotationinadditiontoahistoricalconnotation.Whenwestarttoreflectonwhat'simpliedbythisterm,wehavetolookoverthewholecourseofbiologicalevolution,asweunderstandit.
Outofinorganicmattercomplexmoleculessomehoworothercametogetheranddevelopedthecapacitytoreplicatethemselves.Thentheyverygraduallyincreasedintheircomplexityuntillifeformsaroseandawholeprocessofincreasingcomplexityunfoldeduntilthe
incrediblyrichpanoramaofvegetable/animallifeasweknowitcameintobeing.
Somewhereinthecourseofthatprocesscamethemomentouseventwhenconsciousnesswasborninourhominidancestors.AndthenverygraduallywhatwecalltheGod-imagestartedtoemergeinadefiniteform,indefiniteimages.Itstartedwithprimitiveanimism,
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andthenunderwentprogressivedifferentiation:fromanimaldeitiestomatriarchalearthgoddesses,totheskygodsofMesopotamiaandAncientGreece,andfinallytothemonotheismofYahwehworship.Soaswelookatthatwholepanoramaweseeavastevolutionaryunfoldingofthedivinedrama"divine"inthesensethatitpertainstothetranspersonalpsychetheobjectivepsyche.Thisideaofadivinedramaistotallymissingfromthescientificworld-view,whichisthepredominantworld-viewtoday.It'sheretical,accordingtothescientificworld-view,toconsiderthepossibilityofpurposefulnessintheevolutionarysequence.Thatsortofthinkingisnotpermitted.Ifyousubmitapapertoascientificjournalthatcontainsthathypothesisitwon'tgetpublished.
Theorthodoxyisthatthishasalltakenplacebychance,byrandomcomingstogether,eventhoughitpatentlydefiescommonsensetoimaginethatchancephenomenacanbuildupsystemsofgreaterandgreatercomplexity.Itviolatesthelawofentropy,accordingtowhichrandomeventslevelout,ratherthanincreaseincomplexity.Nevertheless,that'stheorthodoxyofthescientificworld-view.
Opposedtothatwehavearivalorthodoxy:theanachronisticorthodoxyofwhat'scalledthecreationists.ThisorthodoxyassumesthatthestoryofGenesisisaliteralfact,andittherebyprovidestheverythingthatthescientificviewlacks:anawarenessofthedivinedrama.Thetroubleis,it'scouchedinliteral,concretistictermsthatdonotfitthemodernmentality.
SothosearethetwopartiescontestingthismatterthatJungreferredtoinhisPrefatoryNotewhenhespokeaboutbeingtornapartbythetwopartiesthatcontestthismatter.Thosearetherepresentativesofthetwoparties.
Athirdview,whichisbasedonanawarenessoftherealityofthepsyche,allowsthedivinedramatoreenterhumanawarenessona
level,andwithsufficientunderstanding,todojusticetobothsidestothecorevaluesofbothsides.
JungreferstothisdivinedramainawonderfullettertoElinedKotschnigwhichIcommendtoyou.Iwillreadyouaparticularpassageinwhichhereferstothedivinedrama.JungisaddressingthequestionofGod'srelationshiptotheworldhehascreated:
Whenweconsiderthedataofpaleontologywiththeviewthatacon-
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sciouscreatorhasperhapsspentmorethanathousandmillionyears,andhasmade,asitseemstous,noendofdetourstoproduceconsciousness,weinevitablycometotheconclusionthatifwewanttoexplainHisdoingsatallHisbehaviourisstrikinglysimilartoabeingwithanatleastverylimitedconsciousness.Althoughawareofthethingsthatareandthenextstepstotake,Hehasapparentlyneitherforesightofanulteriorgoalnoranyknowledgeofadirectwaytoreachit.Thusitwouldnotbeanabsoluteunconsciousnessbutaratherdimconsciousness.Suchaconsciousnesswouldnecessarilyproduceanyamountoferrorsandimpasseswiththemostcruelconsequences,disease,mutilation,andhorriblefights,i.e.,justthethingthathashappenedandisstillhappeningthroughoutallrealmsoflife.34
There'salittleglimpseofJung'soverallviewofthedivinedramaasitmanifestsinevolutionandhistory.IhaveafantasyonthesubjectmyselfthatI'llreadtoyou.
Supposetheuniverseconsistsofanomniscientmindcontainingtotalandabsoluteknowledge.Butitisasleep.Slowlyitstirs,stretchesandstartstoawaken.Itbeginstoaskquestions.WhatamI?butnoanswercomes.Thenitthinks,Ishallconsultmyfantasy,Ishalldoactiveimagination.Withthat,galaxiesandsolarsystemsspringintobeing.Thenthefantasyfocusesonearth.Itbecomesautonomous,andlifeappears.NowtheDivinemindwantsdialogueandmanemergestoanswerthatneed.ThedeityisstrainingforSelf-knowledge,andthenoblestrepresentativesofmankindhavetheburdenofthatdivineurgencyimposedonthem.Manyarebrokenbytheweight.Afewsurviveandincorporatethefruitsoftheirdivineencounterinmightyworksofreligionandartandhumanknowledge.Thesethengeneratenewagesandcivilizationsinthehistoryofmankind.Slowly,asthisprocessunfolds,GodbeginstolearnwhoHeis.35
That'smyimageofthedivinedrama.Youmightreflectonthetermandseewhatyourimageisofthatprocess.
TheseconditemIwilldiscusscomesfromparagraph561whereJungsays:
34Ibid.,p.312.35Edinger,TheCreationofConsciousness,p.56.
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Ishallnotgiveacoolandcarefullyconsideredexegesisthattriestobefairtoeverydetail,butapurelysubjectivereaction.InthiswayIhopetoactasavoiceformanywhofeelthesamewayasIdo....EvenifweknowbyhearsayaboutthesufferinganddiscordintheDeity,theyaresounconscious,andhencesoineffectualmorally,theyarousenohumansympathyorunderstanding.Instead,theygiverisetoanequallyill-consideredoutburstofaffect,andasmoulderingresentmentthatmaybecomparedtoaslowlyhealingwound.Andjustasthereisasecrettiebetweenthewoundandtheweapon,sotheaffectcorrespondstotheviolenceofthedeedthatcausedit.
"Theaffectcorrespondstotheviolenceofthedeedthatcausedit."ThismeansthatouraffectsaretheinnermanifestionsofYahweh.Yahwehistheperpetratorofthedeedthatcausedit,sotheaffectanditscausecorrespondtoeachother.OuraffectsaretheinnermanifestationsofYahweh.Thisisacrucialunderstanding.Ifyoudon'tgetthisyouwillnotunderstandAnswertoJob.Youwon'tbeabletoapplyitinanypersonalorpracticalorgenuineway.Itwilljustremainanabstraction.
Butthisisverydifficulttograsp,becauseweidentifywithouraffects.Weevencallthemours"myaffect,""myanger,""mylove.''Itwouldbemoreaccuratetoleaveoutthepersonalpossessivepronoun.Wetendtoidentifywithouraffectsandsolongaswedothatwecannotseethemobjectivelyasobjects.IfIfallintoarageorapassionofanykind,inthetermsofthisbookthatwearestudying,thosephenomenaaremanifestationsofYahweh.Thatwon'tbehardforyoutoacceptonceyouacceptoneotherequation,namelyYahwehequalstheunconscious.Itwon'tbehardforyoutoacceptthataffectsareproductsoftheunconscious.Wedon'tgeneratethemtheyhappentous.Yahweh=theunconscious.ForthepurposeofAnswertoJob,that'stheequationtokeepinmind.
Thethirditemconcernsparagraph562,whichisacrucialparagraph
andI'mgoingtoquoteittoyouinitsentirely.Thefirstsentenceneedstobechangedbecauseit'snottranslatedquiteaccurately.YoumaythinkI'mnitpicking,butthestatementsareofsuchimportanceIthinktheyshouldbepreciselythewayJungputthem.Thefirstsentenceshouldreadasfollows:
TheBookofJobservesasaparadigmforacertainexperienceofGodwhichhasaveryspecialsignificanceforourtime.
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Jungcontinues:
Theseexperiencescomeuponmanfrominsideaswellasfromoutside,anditisuselesstointerpretthemrationalisticallyandthusweakenthembyapotropaicmeans.Itisfarbettertoadmittheaffectandsubmittoitsviolencethantotrytoescapeitbyallsortsofintellectualtricksorbyemotionalvalue-judgments.Although,bygivingwaytotheaffect,oneimitatesallthebadqualitiesoftheoutrageousactthatprovokeditandthusmakesoneselfguiltyofthesamefault,thatispreciselythepointofthewholeproceeding:theviolenceismeanttopenetratetoman'svitals,andhetosuccumbtoitsaction.Hemustbeaffectedbyit,otherwiseitsfulleffectwillnotreachhim.Butheshouldknow,orlearntoknow,whathasaffectedhim,forinthiswayhetransformstheblindnessoftheviolenceontheonehandandoftheaffectontheotherintoknowledge.
Idrawyourattentionagaintothatfirstsentence:
TheBookofJobservesasaparadigmforacertainexperienceofGodwhichhasaveryspecialsignificanceforourtime.
Aparadigmmeansamodeltobeusedforguidanceorimitation.He'stellingusthenthatJobandhissufferingisaguidingmodelforthesufferingsofthemodernego.Here'sthemodelfortheprocessofmakingsufferingmeaningful.IthinkonecansaythateveryanalysisthatgoesatalldeeptakesonthequalityoftheJobexperience.That'swhyIthinkofmylittlebookonBlake'sIllustrationsoftheBookofJob36asakindofportableanalytichour.Itappliestoeverylifeproblemthatoneencounters,ifonegoesdeeplyenoughtothecoreofit.
AndI'dalsodrawyourattentionespeciallytothelastsentenceoftheparagraph:
Heshouldknow,orlearntoknowwhathasaffectedhim,forinthiswayhetransformstheblindnessoftheviolenceontheonehandandoftheaffectontheotherintoknowledge.
ThismeansthatbothYahwehandtheaffect-ladenegoaretransformedbytheconsciousencounterbetweenthem,andbytheperse-
36EncounterwiththeSelf:AJungianCommentaryonWilliamBlake'sIllustrationsoftheBookofJob.
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veringefforttoextractmeaningfromtheexperience.AndtotheextentthatanindividualfindsthetranspersonalmeaninginthepainfulexperienceoftheunconscioustothatextentheiscontributingtothetransformationoftheGod-image.
Thefourthitemcomesfromparagraph567,whereJungsays:
ThisisperhapsthegreatestthingaboutJob,that,facedwiththisdifficulty[theawarenessthatYahwehcanbeunjust],hedoesnotdoubttheunityofGod.HeclearlyseesthatGodisatoddswithhimselfsototallyatoddsthathe,Job,isquitecertainoffindinginGodahelperandan"advocate"againstGod.AscertainasheisoftheevilinYahweh,heisequallycertainofthegood....He[Yahweh]isbothapersecutorandahelperinone,andtheoneaspectisasrealastheother.Yahwehisnotsplit,butisanantinomyatotalityofinneroppositesandthisistheindispensableconditionforhistremendousdynamism....Notwithstandinghiswrath,Yahwehisalsoman'sadvocateagainsthimselfwhenmanputsforthhiscomplaint.
WhilekeepinginmindourequationYahweh=theunconscious,thesestatementsaboutYahwehmaybeappliedtothenatureoftheunconscious.Theyareadescriptionoftheunconscious,whichcancauseterriblesufferingaccidentsandcripplingsymptomsofallkinds.Weallknowthat,it'sourworktodealwiththosethings.Andatthesametimetheunconsciousisthesourceoftranspersonalwisdom,supportandguidance.It'sthepathwaytoourbeing,toourwholeness.
Asweknow,theego'sattitudetowardtheunconsciouslargelydeterminesthefacethattheunconsciouswillshowtotheego,butoneusuallylearnsthatonlyafterbeingbuffetedaboutquiteabitbythisunconsciouswhichisanantinomy.
Thefifthitemcomesfromparagraph568.JungspeaksofYahweh's"incalculablemoodsanddevastatingattacksofwrath."Hecontinues,
Hehadadistinctpersonality,whichdifferedfromthatofamoreorlessarchaickingonlyinscope.
ThistellsusthatYahwehisverymuchlikeanarchaicking,sotheunconsciousisverymuchlikeanarchaicking.Wedon'thavear-
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chaickingsaroundanymore,butwehavetheirequivalents.Wehavedictators,wehaveMafiabosses,wehavepettytyrantsofallkindswhoruletheirrealms(whatevertheirrealmsmaybe)inthefashionofarchaickings.Andwedon'thavetolookonlyoutside.Insidewedon'thavetogotoofartodiscoverthearchaickingorqueenwhotakesoverwhenweareidentifiedwiththepowermotive.
Oneofthewaysonecandetermine,onecanstudy,phenomenologically,thenatureoftheunconsciousSelfisbyobservingindividualswhoareidentifiedwiththeunconsciousSelf.ThesearchaickingsamongusareobservablephenomenathatrevealthenatureoftheunconsciousSelftous.
Thesixthitemisalsofromparagraph568,whereJungspeaksaboutthedifferencebetweenYahwehandFatherZeus,whowasdetachedandallowedtheeconomyoftheuniversetorunalongprettymuchonitsown.Hedidn'tdemandmuchofanythingfromhumanbeingsexceptsacrificesbecausehedidn'twantanythingfromthem,hehadnoplansforthem.ButYahwehontheotherhandwasintenselyinterestedinmanbecauseHeneededthem.Sotheyaretotallydifferentpersonalities.
Jungisn'tjustindulginginsomeabstractobservationaboutdifferingmythologicalfigures.Rememberthatheistalkingaboutpsychology,sothatthefigureofZeusandthefigureofYahwehwillhavetheirpsychologicalreferences.ZeusandYahwehwerebothskygods,butYahwehunderwentatransformationandinhistransformationheinsistedonbecomingtheonlygod.Zeuswaspartofapolytheisticarrangementandhewasperfectlyhappywiththat.ButYahwehcouldnottoleratethatsituationasillustratedbyhisveryfirstcommandment,"Youshallhavenogodsexceptme."
ThisisahugetransformationintheGod-imagebetweenthepolytheisticZeusandthemonotheisticYahweh.Itrepresentsthe
differencebetweentheIliadandtheExodus.TheIliadpictureshumanexistenceasabrutal,tragicdramainwhichmankindiscaughtintheconflictbetweendeities.That'sthecauseoftheTrojanWar,becauseifthedeitiesareatwarwitheachotherthenmanhastoactoutthatdivineconflict.It'sanunrelievedtragedy.WhereastheExoduspictureshumanexistenceasaredemptiondramaofcooperationbetweentheoneGodandhisselectedhumanbeingswhoworshiphim.
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Thesedistinctionsstillexisttoday.TheHomericpolytheismoftheIliadandthebasicpsychologypicturedbythatworkIthinkthatcorrespondstothepsychologyofourneighborhoodgangs.EverynowandthenagangmemberencountersafundamentalistChristianandisconvertedandleaveshisgangpsychology,heleavestheIliadandgoestotheExodus.HisGod-imageundergoestransformation.That'sanexampleofhowthattransformationoftheGod-imagewhichisenshrinedinourliteraryheritagestilllivesitselfouttoday.
Theseventhitemcomesfromparagraph569,whereJungspeaksaboutthecovenantthatwasdevelopedbetweenYahwehandcertainindividuals,andhowtheEighty-ninthPsalmpicturedthatcovenantasbroken.TheEighty-ninthPsalmfirstquotesYahwehashavingsaidtoDavid:
IhavemadeacovenantwithmyChosen,IhavegivenmyservantDavidmyswornword:Ihavefoundedyourdynastytolastforever,Ihavebuiltyouathronetooutlastalltime.
ThepsalmcontinuesforsomeversestopraiseGodandthenthePsalmistremindsYahwehofhisstatement,
Iwillnotbreakmycovenant,Iwillnotrevokemygivenword;Ihaveswornonmyholiness,onceforall,andcannotturnliartoDavid.
Andyetyouhaverejected,disownedandragedagainstyouranointed;Youhaverepudiatedthecovenantwithyourservantandflunghiscrowndishonoredtotheground.
Youhavepiercedallhisdefensesandlaidhisfortsinruins.37
ThisisthesamepsalmthatacertaingreatRabbiofSpainwassaidtohavebeenunabletoreadbecauseitsaddenedhimsomuch.38
CommentatorsgenerallyconnecttheEighty-ninthPsalmwiththe
37JerusalemBible.38SeeAion,CW9ii,par.169.
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destructionofIsraelin587B.C.andtheBabylonianExile.ThatiswhatthepsalmistisreferringtowhenheaccusesYahwehofbreakingthecovenantwithDavid.ThatwasthesupremecatastropheforancientIsrael.ThedestructionofJerusalemandthesubsequentBabyloniancaptivityseemedtocontradictallofYahweh'spromises.
Individualsencountersimilareventsintheirliveswhentheyfeelthateverythingtheyhavehadfaithinhasbeenthrownintoquestion.Whathappensinsuchacaseisthattheindividualsintheiranguishandinabilitytoacceptthecatastropheaskagainandagainthequestion,"Whydidthishappentome?WhydidGodpermitthisterriblethingtohappen?"thisaccident,thisillness,thislossofalovedonethiscatastrophe,whateveritis.
Therearefivepossibleanswerstothatquestion.Oneofthemis"Godhaspunishedmeformysins."Ifyouareawareofyoursinsandaccepttheeventaspunishment,thenthatsatisfiesyou,that'syourmeaning.That'sthe"Jeremiahreaction."That'swhatJeremiahtoldIsrael:thereasonthishappenedtoyouisthatyou'rebeingpunishedforyoursins.
Anotherpossiblereactionisthat"I'mthevictimofSatan,theEvilone,whoisresponsible."That'sthedualisticorManicheanreaction,itseestheworldasengagedinaconflictbetweentwodifferentdeities:theGoodandtheEvil.
Thethirdpossibilityisthat"ThiscatastropheisactuallygoodformeinsomehigherwayIcan'tunderstand."IcallthattheApostlePaulreaction.Hesaid,"AllthingsworktogetherforgoodtothemthatloveGod"39ifyoucanseefarenough.Itusuallytakessomefaithtoassumethatone.
Thefourthpossibilityisthatthesufferingiscausedbychance,becausethereisnotranspersonalagencyinhumanaffairs."God
doesn'texist,orifhedoesexisthedoesn'tconcernhimselfwithman."That'sthesecularreaction.Itdoesn'toffermuchcomfortbutifyoubelieveityoucanhardenyourselfandadoptastoicattitude.
ThefifthpossibilityistheoneJunghasdiscovered,namely,"Godisanantinomywhoisn'tquiteconsciousofwhatheisdoing."That'stheJobreaction,Jobwhoknowsthathisredeemerlivesand
39Rom.8:28,AuthorizedVersion.
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whosaystoGod,"Thoughyoukillme,yetwillItrustinyou."40JobalsorealizesthatbyhavingthatawarenessaboutGodheiscontributingtoGod'stransformation.
That'stheJobreactionandit'sonethatneverexistedbeforeinhumanthoughtuntilJunginterpreteditinthatway.
40Job.13:15,AuthorizedVersion(paraphrase).
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4Paragraphs577608Firstwehaveanitemleftoverfromlasttime.
Inparagraph574Jungsays:
Thecharacterthusrevealedfitsapersonalitywhocanonlyconvincehimselfthatheexiststhroughhisrelationtoanobject.Suchdependenceontheobjectisabsolutewhenthesubjectistotallylackinginself-reflectionandthereforehasnoinsightintohimself.Itisasifheexistedonlybyreasonofthefactthathehasanobjectwhichassureshimthatheisreallythere.
Andthenonintothenextparagraphwherehemakesthefollowingremarks:
Existenceisonlyrealwhenitisconscioustosomebody.ThatiswhytheCreatorneedsconsciousmaneventhough,fromsheerunconsciousness,hewouldliketopreventhimfrombecomingconscious.AndthatisalsowhyYahwehneedstheacclamationofasmallgroupofpeople.Onecanimaginewhatwouldhappenifthisassemblysuddenlydecidedtostoptheapplause:therewouldbeastateofhighexcitation,withoutburstsofblinddestructiverage,thenawithdrawalintohellishlonelinessandthetortureofnon-existence,followedbyagradualreawakeningofanunutterablelongingforsomethingwhichwouldmakehimconsciousofhimself.
Thisisamagnificentdescriptionofabasicfeatureoftheunconscious,namelyitsneedtobeseen.Thisisthebasicworkofanalysis:topourattentionintotheunconscioussothatitcanbeseen.Andasitisseen,itisappeased.Theoutburstsofblind,destructiverageareassuagedwhenitisseen.Aswasmentionedinthediscussionperiodlasttime,thisdescriptionisverysimilartowhat'sspokenofinclinicaltermsasnarcissism.InTheCreationofConsciousnessIreportadreamthatactuallymakesthatconnectionexplicit.Thisisadreamamanhad
rightafterreadingAnswertoJob:
Iseeahugeape-likemanwithoutaneck.Hishugeheadisattacheddirectlytohisshoulders.Heisnakedandislookinglasciviouslyata
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woman.Ifeelthathemustbetrained,soIaskhimtoputonhisclothes.Heexpelsflatusloudlyandleavestheroom.41
Thedreamerassociatedtheape-likemanwiththedescriptionofYahwehinAnswertoJobandalsotoanautisticchildofhisacquaintance.Infantileandchildautismisakindofextremeorpureexampleofthenarcissisticsyndrome.ThedreamhereispickingupandequatingacertainaspectoftheYahwehphenomenonwithautism,whichistotalpreoccupationwithone'sinnercentertheSelf.ThewhirlingmotionthatissocharacteristicofautisticchildrenisexpressiveofthefactthattheyarelivingcompletelywithintheconfinesofidentitywiththeSelf.Sothey'rerevolvingaroundthatinnercenter.InanotherdreamthatIquoteonthesamepage,anape-likefigureisagainassociatedwiththeGod-image.
IfyourecognizethenarcissisticpropensitytobeanindicationthattheYahwehGod-imageisactivated,thenyoupourattentionintothatimagebutatthesametimeyourecognizethatadistinctionshouldbemadebetweentheegoandtheGod-image.Whennarcissism(so-called)isdisentangledfromtheegoittakesonatotallydifferentquality.Ifyouseparateitfromitsidentificationwiththeego,thenthatso-callednarcissismbecomesthedemandoftheGod-imageforattention.Thenitisnolongertheego'sdemandforattention,butratherthedemandoftheSelfforattention,andthatchangesthewholestateofaffairs.
I'mnowturningtotonight'smaterial.Ihaveanumberofitemstorefertonine,ifIgettothemall.Thematerialinthisbookisjustloadedwithprofoundpsychologicalinsightsthatareembeddedinit,providingyoumakethetranslationfromthemythologicalimagerythatJungisusingtothepsychologicalcorrelates.YouthenbegintoappreciatethepowerfulinsightspresentinAnswertoJob.I'mgoingtotrytopointoutafewofthosetoyou.
First,inparagraph577:
ThespecialprovidencewhichsingledouttheJewsfromamongthedivinelystampedportionofhumanityandmadethemthe''chosenpeople"hadburdenedthemfromthestartwithaheavyobligation.
41TheCreationofConsciousness,p.76.
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ThisisthethemeoftheChosenOne.ItisreallyacentralthemeofindividuationandIdrawyourattentiontoafineessayonthesubjectbyRivkahKlugerinherbookPsycheandBible.It'sanessayonthechosenpeople.Iwouldliketotakealotofquotesfromthisbecauseshehassomemarvelousinsights.Letmementionacoupletogiveyoutheflavorofit.Ihopeyouwillthenlookitupforyourselfandreaditatyourleisure.
BecauseYahwehishimselfholy,singledoutfromalltheothergods,thepeople,correspondingly,mustbeholy.TheGodYahweh,growntogetherasitwereoutofmanypolytheisticgod-figuresintooneGod-personalityandhavingtherebybecomedistinct,choosesforhimselfapeopleequallydistinctashisvis-á-vis.Projectedontoapeopleasacollectiveindividualweseeherethebirthoftheideaoftheindividual,thatis,onewhostepsoutoftheanonymityofthecycleofnatureintoapersonal,uniquefate.42
Oneotherone:
Returningtoourinitialquestion,whyGodchoseonesinglepeople,weseefromtheinnerdynamicsofthetotalelectioneventthatithadtobesomepeople....ThatitwasIsraelmayberelatedtoitsdifficultsituation,whichpreparedittofollowaninnerway.Itwasapoorpeasantpeople,eternallyoppressedbythesurroundinggreatkingdoms,EgyptandBabylon.Itcouldmakeroomforitselfonlyinwardly,andwastherebypeculiarlysuitedtotakeuponitselfthemiseryanddignity,thecurseandblessing,ofGod'selection.[Andhere'squiteaninsightfulremark:]Itwas,sotospeak,God'seasiestprey.43
NowtheseremarksareallprofoundlyrelevanttotheexperienceoftheegoasitencounterstheSelfandbecomesawarethatitistheoneuniquelychosentoincarnatetheSelf.Tobechosenisoftenexperiencedashavingbeentheeasiestpreyasbeingtheoutcomeofastateofmisery.Beingchosendoesn'tcomeoutofastateoffullness,itcomesoutofastateofemptiness.
Item2,par.579:
Yahwehabandonshisfaithfulservanttotheevilspiritandletshim
42PsycheandBible,p.25.43Ibid.,p.41.
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fallwithoutcompunctionorpityintotheabyssofphysicalandmoralsuffering.FromthehumanpointofviewYahweh'sbehaviourissorevoltingthatonehastoaskoneselfwhetherthereisnotadeepermotivehiddenbehindit.HasYahwehsomesecretresistanceagainstJob?...ButwhatdoesmanpossessthatGoddoesnothave?Becauseofhislittleness,puniness,anddefencelessnessagainsttheAlmighty,hepossesses,aswehavealreadysuggested,asomewhatkeenerconsciousnessbasedonself-reflection:hemust,inordertosurvive,alwaysbemindfulofhisimpotence.Godhasnoneedofthiscircumspection,fornowheredoeshecomeupagainstaninsuperableobstaclethatwouldforcehimtohesitateandhencemakehimreflectonhimself.
Nowhere'sanothercrucialinsightaboutthenatureofpsychology.Whatheistellingusisthattheexperienceofweaknessordefeatisasinequanonforconsciousness.Youcannotbeaconsciousbeingunlessyoucanexperienceweaknessanddefeat.ItalkaboutthatwholematterinEgoandArchetype,whereIusedadiagramtoillustratethepsychiclifecycle(seenextpage).44
Whatitpicturesisthewayconsciousnessisprogressivelydevelopedoutoftheoriginalconditionofego/Selfidentity.Theoriginalconditionisinflation.TheinfantilepsycheisinastateofidentificationwiththeSelfanditisinastateofinflation.ItisidentifiedwiththeDeity.Veryprogressively,iflifeprovidestherightlessonsthroughrejectionsanddefeatsandexperiencesofweakness,itgraduallybecomesconscious.Andyougothroughthatcycleagainandagainandeachtimeitgoesaroundthere'salittleincreaseinconsciousness.
Thepsychologyofthespoiledchildshort-circuitsthiscycle.Thechild'sego/Selfidentitygoesuncorrected.Itactsouttheinflationandinsteadofbeingpunishedordefeated,itisallowedtogetawaywithitsothatthecycledoesnotcompleteitself.
Thiscyclepicturesthetransformationsthattakeplaceasego/Self
identityissubjectedtorecurrentexperiencesofdefeat,failureandweakness.ThatcompositeentityofegoandSelfundergoestransformation.Thismeansthatasconsciousnessgrows,boththeego
44EgoandArchetype:IndividuationandtheReligiousFunctionofthePsyche,p.41.
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ThePsychicLifeCycle
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andtheSelfundergotransformation.IntermsofJobandYahwehitwouldmeanthatasJob'sconsciousnessofYahweh'snaturegrows,Yahwehistransformed.
Itisarealdisadvantagetobeomnipotent,tobeimmortal.Infact,asfarasIcantell,consciousnesscanonlydevelopinmortalcreatures.Idon'tbelieveit'spossibleforconsciousnesstodevelopinimmortalcreatures,iftherebesuchathing.Inotherwords,thearchetypesthemselvescannotevolveintofullconsciousnesswithoutbeingroutedthroughamortalegotobringthatconsciousnessintorealization.ThatiswhatJungissayinghere,ineffect,whenhesaysthatJobpossessessomethingGoddoesnothave.
Item3comesfromparagraph583:
WhyJob'stormentsandthedivinewagershouldsuddenlycometoanendisnotquiteclear.SolongasJobdoesnotactuallydie,thepointlesssufferingcouldbecontinuedindefinitely.Wemust,howeverkeepaneyeonthebackgroundofalltheseevents:itisjustpossiblethatsomethinginthisbackgroundwillgraduallybegintotakeshapeasacompensationforJob'sundeservedsuffering.
Thekeywordhereiscompensation.YouhaveheardthattermbeforeI'msure''compensatoryfunctionoftheunconscious,"forexample.WhatJungisalludingtohereistheprofoundpsychologicallawthatwhentheegobecomestooone-sided,weightedtoomuchinonedirection,theunconsciouspsychethenconstellatesthecontraryintheunconscioustobalancetheone-sidedness.SoherethatprocessofcompensationisoccurringwithintheGod-image,theYahwehfigurehimself.
ItisjustpossiblethatsomethinginthisbackgroundwillgraduallybegintotakeshapeascompensationforJob'sundeservedsuffering.
Whatthatmeansisthatinjustice,especiallyifitisconsciouslyperceived,constellatesitscorrectionintheotherintheunconsciousor
intheoutsideworld.Inotherwords,injusticeconsciouslyperceivedandborneconstellatesjustice.Thisisreallyquiteafundamentalpsychologicallaw.
IwouldliketodrawyourattentiontoawonderfulessayonthissubjectbyEmerson.It'sentitled"Compensation."Hehadawonderfulintuitiveperceptionofhowthecompensatoryprocessoperatesin
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thecollectivepsyche.Togiveyouatasteofit:
Thusistheuniversealive.Allthingsaremoral....Justiceisnotpostponed.Aperfectequityadjustsitsbalanceinallpartsoflife....Takewhatfigureyouwill,itsexactvalue,normore,norless,stillreturnstoyou.Everysecretistold,everycrimeispunished,everyvirtuerewarded,everywrongredressed,insilenceandcertainty.Whatwecallretributionistheuniversalnecessitybywhichthewholeappearswhereverapartappears.45
That'saninsightwhichisnotvisibleifyoulookatthewaytheworldfunctionsonthesurface.Butifyouperceivehowitfunctionsfromtheinside,it'saprofoundtruth.
Allthingsaredouble,oneagainstanotherTitfortat;aneyeforaneye;atoothforatooth;bloodforblood;measureformeasure;...Giveanditshallbegivenyou....Cursesalwaysrecoilontheheadofhimwhoimprecatesthem.46
Sohereachestheconclusionthen:
Awisemanwill...knowthatitisthepartofprudencetofaceeveryclaimantandpayeveryjustdemandonyourtime,yourtalents,oryourheart.Alwayspay.47
Theideaisthatsincethecompensatorybalanceexists,ifyoudon'tpayvoluntarily,itwillbeextractedfromyouinvoluntarilyanditisreallymuchmoreagreeabletodoitvoluntarily.
Thebenefitwereceivemustberenderedagain,lineforline,deedfordeed,centforcent,tosomebody.Bewareoftoomuchgoodstayinginyourhand.Itwillfastcorruptandbreedworms.Payitawayquickly.48
That'stheideaofcompensation,andhoweveryextremeorone-sidedstateofaffairsrightsitselfthroughtheactionoftheunconscious.
Item4comesfromparagraph584.Jungsays:
45Essays,p.99.46Ibid.,p.106.47Ibid.,p.109.48Ibid.,pp.109110.
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JobrealizesGod'sinnerantinomy,andinlightofthisrealizationhisknowledgeattainsadivinenuminosity.
Whatdoeshemean,"hisknowledgeattainsadivinenuminosity"?Iwouldsuggestthatwhatheisreferringtohereisactuallyanexperienceoftheconiunctio.IfJob'sknowledge,hisconsciousness,attainsadivinenuminosity,thatmeanshe'sbecomeapartnerinYahweh'sdivinity.Therealizationthatisbeingexpressedhereisthatoftheego/Selfpartnershiptheirpartnershipincreatingconsciousness.ItisthatrealizationwhichconveysmeaningtoJob'sexperienceandamountstoanexperienceofjustification.Heisjustified,throughhisawarenessthathisexperienceispartoftheego/Selfpartnershipwhichprovideshimwitharoleinthedivinedrama.Thedivinedrama,youremember,wasthetermthatappearedinthefirstsentenceofthebook.
Item5,paragraph587:
[Yahweh]payssolittleattentiontoJob'srealsituationthatonesuspectshimofhavinganulteriormotivewhichismoreimportanttohim.
Andthencomesthecrucialsentence:
JobisnomorethantheoutwardoccasionforaninwardprocessofdialecticinGod.
Nowhereisanotherveryprofoundidea.Letmerestateitinpsychologicalterms:TheegoistheoutwardoccasionforaninwardprocessofdialecticintheSelf.
Sohereagainwehavetherealizationofapartnership.Onceagainsucharealizationcommunicatesasenseofmeaningfulness,becausethepainfulexperiencethatoneisgoingthroughispurposeful.Itispartofalargertranspersonalprocess.Itispartofthedivinedrama,theprocessofinnerdialecticinGodwhichrequiresanegoforthatprocesstoproceed.
Item6,paragraph591:
YahwehseessomethinginJobwhichwewouldnotascribetohimbuttoGod,thatis,anequalpowerwhichcauseshimtobringouthiswholepowerapparatusandparadeitbeforehisopponent.YahwehprojectsontoJobasceptic'sfacewhichishatefultohim
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becauseitishisown,andwhichgazesathimwithanuncannyandcriticaleye.Heisafraidofit,foronlyinfaceofsomethingfrighteningdoesoneletoffacannonadeofreferencestoone'spower,cleverness,courage,invincibility,etc.
Andtheninparagraph594Jungadds:
Jobischallengedasthoughhehimselfwereagod.
ThiscontinuestoemphasizethethemeIhavealreadyunderscored:thethemeofego/Selfpartnership.ItseemsthattheegocarriesdivineorGod-likeattributeswhenitisparticipatingintheinnerdialecticoftheGod-image.Itthentakesonacertainnuminosity.Whatthatmeans,ifyouthinkitthrough,isthateverythingthatpertainstotheegotheearthy,theparticular,thedark,everythingwhichestablishestheindividualassomethingdefiniteanduniquealloftheseearthattributesareimbuedwithacertaindivinenuminosity.Youseewhataradicaltransformationofviewpointthatrepresentsascontrastedwiththeearlierone-sidedspiritualviewpoint,whereallthatpertainedtotheearthwasthoughtofasjustsomethingtobepurifiedandremoved.
Item7comesfromparagraph595:
TheconflictbecomesacuteforYahwehasaresultofanewfactor....somethingthathasneveroccurredbeforeinthehistoryoftheworld,theunheard-offactthat,withoutknowingitorwantingit,amortalmanisraisedbyhismoralbehaviourabovethestarsinheaven,fromwhichpositionofadvantagehecanbeholdthebackofYahweh,theabysmalworldof"shards."
AccordingtotheCabala,theoriginaldivinitywasjustapoint,theso-calledEnSoph.FromitemanatedtheoriginalFirstMan,whothendifferentiatedhimselfintothetensefiroth,theso-calledsefirotictree.AccordingtotheCabalisticsymbolism,intheformationofthesefirotictreetheprimordiallightwaspouredintothevesselsorshellsofthetensefiroth.Thefirstthreeheldthelight,butthelowerseven
couldnotendurethepressureofthelightthatwaspouredintothem,andtheybroke.
Thisiswhat'scalledthebreakingofthevessels.Whatwascreatedthenwerealotofbrokenpieces,theso-calledshards.Theseshards,accordingtotheCabalisticspeculation,thentookonthe
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qualityofevil,andbecamethedepthofthegreatabyssinwhichthespiritofevildwells.It'sasymbolicimage,oneofitsfeaturesisthatasthegodheadmanifestsitself,asitemanatesandtriestodifferentiateitself,itsplits.Itundergoesaseparatioprocessandpartofitbreaksupintoanevilworld,theabysmalworldofshards.That'swhatJungreferstointhispassage.
Item8isreferredtoinparagraph600:
Unconsciousnesshasananimalnature....This[animal]symbolismexplainsYahweh'sbehaviour,which,fromthehumanpointofview,issointolerable:itisthebehaviourofanunconsciousbeingwhocannotbejudgedmorally.YahwehisaphenomenonandasJobsays,"notaman."
ThenIdrawyourattentiontotheremarkablefootnote13:
Thenaiveassumptionthatthecreatoroftheworldisaconsciousbeingmustberegardedasadisastrousprejudicewhichlatergaverisetothemostincredibledislocationsoflogic.
Junggoesontosayinthisfootnotethatwhenweunderstandthatwhatwearedealingwithis"divineunconsciousnessandlackofreflection,"thenweareenabledtoform"aconceptionofGodwhichputshisactionsbeyondmoraljudgmentandallowsnoconflicttoarisebetweengoodnessandbeastliness."
WhatJungisdescribinghereisthenatureoftheunconscious.Thisisnotmetaphysicaltheologythatheisindulgingin,itisempiricalpsychology.Jungisdescribingwhatheknowsfromhisownexperience.
Item9comesfromparagraphs605and606.HetellsustherethatJobdidgethissatisfaction:
Nevertheless,Jobgothissatisfaction,withoutYahweh'sintendingitandpossiblywithouthimselfknowingit....Yahweh'sallocutionshavetheunthinkingyetnonethelesstransparentpurposeofshowingJobthebrutal
powerofthedemiurge:"ThisisI,thecreatorofalltheungovernable,ruthlessforcesofNature,whicharenotsubjecttoanyethicallaws.I,too,amanamoralforceofNature,apurelyphenomenalpersonalitythatcannotseeitsownback."
Thisis,oratanyratecouldbe,amoralsatisfactionofthefirstorderforJob,becausethroughthisdeclarationman,inspiteofhis
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impotence,issetupasajudgeoverGodhimself.
JungputsthisideaevenmoreclearlyintheformheexpressedittoRivkahKluger,whopasseditontousinherbook,SatanintheOldTestament.Here'swhatshehasJungsayaboutJob'ssatisfaction:
InhisgreatfinalspeechGodrevealshimselftoJobinallhisfrightfulness.ItisasifhesaidtoJob:"Look,that'swhatI'mlike.ThatiswhyItreatedyoulikethis."ThroughthesufferingwhichheinflicteduponJoboutofhisownnatureGodhascometothisself-knowledgeandadmits,asitwere,thisknowledgeofhisfrightfulnesstoJob.AndthatiswhatredeemsthemanJob.ThisisreallythesolutiontotheenigmaofJob,thatisatruejustificationforJob'sfaith,which,withoutthisbackground,would,initscrueltyandinjustice,remainanopenproblem.Jobappearshereclearlyasasacrifice,butalsoasthecarrierofthedivinefate,andthatgivesmeaningtohissufferingandliberationofhissoul.49
Whatmakesthisstatementsorelevantforusinourpsychologicalworkisthatitisasymbolicdescriptionoftheconsciousnessofthetranspersonaldimensionofanordeal,aproblem,oranexperienceofpersonalsuffering.Thisistheconsciousnesswhichredeemsthesuffering,whichredeemsthecomplex.Itisasymbolicdescriptionofthedawningofatranspersonaldimensionofconsciousnessthathasthepowerofredemption.
49SatanintheOldTestament,p.129.
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5Paragraphs609624BeforeIbeginthere'sacorrectiontothetextofAnswertoJobthatIwanttopointout.Thefirstsentenceofparagraph616shouldstart,''Notfrommerethoughtlessness..."
IhavesevenitemsIwanttocommentontonight.Thefirstisthemostsubstantial.ItconcernsthefigureofWisdom,towhomJungintroducesushere.Thisisamajorarchetypalimage,soit'ssomethingyoushouldbethoroughlyfamiliarwithinordertorecognizeherwhensheshowsupindreams.Iwanttosummarizebrieflyherhistoricalevolution.
JustaswecanconsiderYahwehtobethemasculinepersonificationofthecollectiveunconscious,sowecanconsiderWisdomtobethefemininepersonificationofthecollectiveunconscious.WheresheappearsmostprominentlyinthetextshecarriesthreechiefnameswhichIhaveplacedontheboard.Iemploytheoriginallanguagesbecausetheunconsciouslovesancientlanguages.Jungwaswellawareofthatfact.That'sonemajorreasonthatyoufindsomuchGreekandLatininJung'swork.Thatwashiswayofconveyingthatfacttous.
SophiaisherGreekform,ChochmaisherHebrewform,andSapientiaDeiisherLatinform.SheshowsupfirstinGreekphilosophywherewemightplacehermoreorlessarbitrarilyatabout600300B.C.SheisreallythecentralimageofGreekphilosophers,sotheyevennamethemselves"LoversofSophia."Theythinkofthemselvesasherlovers,andthatisthewordthenthatpassedonintotheGreekscripturesandintotheGnosticliterature,thetermSophia.
LatersheisdiscussedinProverbswhichJungquotes.Proverbsisacompositecollection.Chapters1to9,inwhichsheisdescribed,couldperhapsbetentativelydatedsomewherearound400B.C.,maybealittleearlier.Let'sexamineherself-description:
I,Wisdom,dwellwithexperienceandjudiciousknowledge.Minearecounselandadvice.Mineisstrength,understanding.Bymekingsreignandlawgiversestablishjustice.Bymeprincesgovernandno-
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bles,alltherulersoftheearth.ThosewholovemeIalsolove,andthosewhoseekmefindme.Withmearerichesandhonor.Myfruitisbetterthangold.OnthewayofdutyIwalk,alongthepathsofjustice.TheLordbegotme,thefirst-bornofhisways,theforerunnerofhisprodigiesoflongago.FromofoldIwaspouredforth.WhentherewerenodepthsIwasbroughtforth,whentherewerenofountainsorspringsofwater,beforethemountainsweresettledintoplace.WhenheestablishedtheheavensIwasthere,whenhemadefirmtheskiesabove,whenhefixedfastthefoundationsoftheearth;whenhesetfortheseaitslimitsothatthewatersshouldnottransgresshiscommand;thenIwasbesidehimashiscraftsman.Iwashisdelight,daybyday,playingbeforehimallthewhile,playingonthesurfaceofhisearth;andIfounddelightinthesonsofmen.50
AlongaboutthesametimecomestheSongofSongs,datedsomewherebetween500400B.C.Wisdomisnotspecificallyreferredtothere,buttheShulamiteislateridentifiedwithSophia,soforthatreasontheSongofSongsbecomesamajorWisdomtext.ThewholedramaoftheShulamiteandherlovercorrespondstotheperpetualloveplayofthehierosgamosbetweenYahwehandSophia.
NextintimecomesEcclesiasticus,whichisalsocalledtheWisdomofJesusBenSirach.ThatisoneofthebooksoftheApocrypha.It'sfoundintheGreekHebrewscripturesandthat'soneoftheadvantagesofusingeithertheJerusalemBibleortheNewAmericanBible.BecausetheyareCatholicversionstheyincludetheApocrypha.Ecclesiasticuswecandatetoapproximately200B.C.Wisdomisdiscussedchieflyinchapters1,4and24.Jungquotesonepassagefromchapter24inwhichWisdomassociatesherselfwithatree.AnotherpassageofEcclesiasticusthatIamparticularlyfondofisfoundinchapter4,whereweread:
Wisdominstructsherchildrenandadmonishesthosewhoseekher.Hewholovesherloveslife;
thosewhoseekheroutwinherfavor.Hewhoholdsherfastinheritsglory;whereverhedwells,theLordbestowsblessings.
50Prov.8:1231,NewAmericanBible(condensed).
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ThosewhoserveherservetheHolyOne;thosewholovehertheLordloves.Hewhoobeysherjudgesnations;hewhoharkenstoherdwellsinherinnermostchambers.Ifonetrustsherhewillpossessher;hisdescendentstoowillinherither.Shewalkswithhimasastranger,andatfirstsheputshimtothetest;Fearanddreadshebringsuponhimandtrieshimwithherdiscipline;Withherpreceptssheputshimtotheproof,untilhisheartisfullywithher.Thenshecomesbacktobringhimhappinessandrevealhersecretstohim.51
ThenextWisdomtextistheWisdomofSolomon.SometimesitisjustcalledWisdom.ThisisanotherofthebooksoftheApocrypha.Thisonedatesbacktoabout50B.C.
Inherisaspirit,intelligent,holy,unique,manifold,subtle,agile,clear,unstained,certain.Lovingthegood,keen,unhampered,beneficent,kindly,firm,secure,tranquil,all-powerful,all-seeing,andpervadingallspiritsthoughtheybeintelligent,pureandverysubtle.Forwisdomismobilebeyondallmotion,andshepenetratesandpervadesallthingsbyreasonofherpurity.SheisanauraofthemightofGod.Shewhoisonecandoallthingsandrenewseverythingwhileherselfperduring;andpassingintoholysoulsfromagetoagesheproducesfriendsofgodsandprophets.52
NextinthisunfoldingintimecomestheGnosticliteraturewhichwecandateapproximatelyfrom100300A.D.AccordingtothisliteratureSophiaisoneoftheaeonsinthepleroma,whofallsintomatter.Shebecomesenamoredofmatterandsuccumbstoitsembraceandthenhastoberescued.ThelegendoftheGnosticSimonMagusisakindofprototype.AccordingtothatlegendSimonMagusdiscoveredSophiareincarnatedasaversionofHelenofTroyinabrothelinTyre.
Thatishowshehadfallenintomatter.HerescuedherfromthebrothelinTyreandmadeherhispartner.Whatwehave
51Eccles.4:1118,NewAmericanBible.52Wisd.ofSol.7:2227,NewAmericanBible(condensed).
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thereisanamalgamofthedivineSophiaontheonehand,andHelenofTroyontheother.Whatthatlegendactuallydoesistounitethetwostrainsofscripture,theGreekandtheHebrew.TheGreekscripture,ofcourse,wastheIliadinwhichHelenofTroywasacentralfigure.
ThenmedievalphilosophypickedupthefigureofwhatitnowcalledSapientiaDei.Shebecameamajorfigurearoundwhichspeculationgathered.ShewasconsideredtobetheeternalformoutofwhichGodcreatedtheworld.SosheembodiedalltheeternalPlatonicideasoutofwhichtheworldwascreated.
ThenfinallycomesSophiaorSapientiaassheappearedinalchemy.YoumayrememberfromtheMysteriumclass53thatwehadatextinvolvingtheShulamite,"darkbutcomely,"andshewasaskingtoberescued.Shewasthepersonificationoftheprimamateria,seekingrescuebythealchemists.That'sanotherversionofSophiacaughtinthedarkembraceofmatter,requiringrescue.TheoutstandingalchemicalexampleofSophiaorSapientiaDeitextistheAuroraConsurgens,whichMarie-LouisevonFranzeditedandtowhichshecontributedacommentary.IconsiderAuroraConsurgensvonFranz'sfinestwork.Letmereadyoujustaparagraphofhercommentary.ThewholealchemicaltextconcernstheSapientiaDeianditsredemption.HereisthewayvonFranzbegins:
ThefirstchapterintroducesamysticalfemalefigurewhoappearsatfirstasthepersonifiedSapientiaDei....Thisfemininedivinehypostasisispaintedonabroadcanvas,andisamplifiedbynumerousBiblicalsayingsandcomparisons.Atfirstit'sthesamepersonificationweseeinProverbs,EcclesiasticusandWisdomofSolomon.InpatristicliteratureshewasmostlyinterpretedasChrist,thepreexistentLogosorasthesumoftheeternalformsofthe"self-knowingprimordialcauses,"exemplarsorprototypesinthemindofGod.Shewasalsoconsideredthearchetypusmundus,"thatarchetypalworld,afterwhoselikenessthissensibleworldwasmade"andthroughwhichGodbecomesconsciousofhimself.
SapentiaDeiisthusthesumofarchetypalimagesinthemindofGod.54
53[Edinger'scourseonJung'sMysteriumConiunctionis(CW14)isavailableonaudiotapefromtheC.G.JungInstituteofLosAngeles.Ed.]54AuroraConsurgens,pp.155f(modifiedslightly).
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That'sabriefsummaryofhowSophiahasappearedinthecollectiveWesternpsycheinitstraditionalmaterial.
Item2comesfromparagraph616ofAnswertoJob:
FromtheancientrecordsweknowthatthedivinedramawasenactedbetweenGodandhispeople,whowerebetrothedtohim,themasculinedynamis,likeawoman,andoverwhosefaithfulnesshewatchedjealously.
WehaveheretheimageofYahwehasthehusbandandIsraelasthewife.JobthenbecomestheindividualpersonificationofIsraelandYahwehtreatsJobthewayajealoushusbandtreatsawife,puttinghertothetesttoseeifshereallyisfaithfultohim.Thisbringsupawholeseriesofanalogiesbetweentheimageofthemarriagerelationshipandtheego/Selfrelation.YahwehishusbandandIsraeliswife.Israelisfunctioningthenasakindofcollectiveego,andYahwehrepresentstheSelf.
YoumayrememberfromAionthatJungstatedthattheanimaoranimuscanberealizedonlythrougharelationtoapartneroftheoppositesex,becauseonlyinsucharelationdotheirprojectionsbecomeoperative.ThesameideacanbeappliedtothepsychologyofYahwehasJungtracesit.Hehadaconsort,hisconsortwasSophia,butheforgotaboutherormorepreciselyheneverreallyknewher.Justastheego,inordertobecomeconsciousofthecontrasexualother,mustexperiencearealencounterwiththeoppositesexthrougharelationship,somustYahwehdothesameinordertobecomeconsciousofhisother.BecauseYahwehiseternalandimmortalhisotheristemporalandmortal.Heneedsthatotherinordertobecomeconsciousofhisinnercontrary.
AswereflectontheimplicationsofthisanalogybetweenthemarriagerelationshipandtherelationshipbetweentheegoandtheSelf,wethenrealizethatJung'sfineessay''MarriageAsa
PsychologicalRelationship"55canbetransferredalmostinitsentiretytotheego/Selfrelationship.NearlyeverythinghesaysaboutmarriageasapsychologicalrelationshipappliesalsototherelationbetweentheegoandtheSelf.Jungsaysthatatthebeginningofsucharelationshipthereisahighdegreeofunconsciousidentificationbetweenthepart-
55InTheDevelopmentofPersonality,CW17,pars.324345.
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nersandonlyverygraduallydoestherelationshipevolveintoarelationbetweenseparateconsciousindividuals.Hesaysthatseldomorneverdoesamarriagedevelopintoanindividualrelationsmoothlyorwithoutcrisis.Thereisnobirthofconsciousnesswithoutpain.ThoseareJung'swords.
Certainlythesamethingappliestotheego/Selfrelation.OnehastogothroughexperiencesofdivorcesandalienationsandlossesofconnectiontotheGod-imageinorderfortheego'srelationtotheSelftofinallyevolveintosomethingconsciousratherthansomethingunconscious,thatis,astateofego/Selfidentity.
There'sanotherideawhichIthinkisparticularlyproductiveandhelpfulthatJungelaboratesinhisessayonmarriageasapsychologicalrelationship.That'stheideaofthecontainerandthecontained.Hesaysthatineveryrelationshiponeofthepartnerswillbemoreorlesscontainedintheother.Letmereadafewremarkshemakesaboutthisphenomenon,becausethisparticularconceptIthinkisanimportanttoolinouranalyticunderstanding:
Theonewhoiscontainedfeelshimselftobelivingentirelywithintheconfinesofhismarriage;hisattitudetothepartnerisundivided....Theunpleasantside...isthedisquietingdependenceuponapersonalitythatcanneverbeseeninitsentirety.56
Thatisfromthepointofviewofthecontainedone.
Thecontainer,ontheotherhand,Jungsays,willmissallthesubtletiesandcomplexitiesthatwouldcorrespondtohisownfacets,andheisbothdisturbingtotheother'ssimplicityandalsoisleftdissatisfiedbecausehiscomplexitycannotbemirroredbythesimplicityofthecontainedone.
Jungcontinues:
Thesimplernatureworksonthemorecomplicatedonelikearoomthat's
toosmall,thatdoesnotallowhimenoughspace.Thecomplicatednature,ontheotherhand,givesthesimpleronetoomanyroomswithtoomuchspace,sothatsheneverknowsexactlywhereshereallybelongs.57
56Ibid.,par.332.57Ibid.,par.333.[R.F.C.Hull,translatoroftheoriginalGerman,writesin
(footnotecontinuedonthenextpage)
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ThenJunggoesontosayitusuallyhappensthatsoonerorlatertheonefunctioningasthecontainer,whoisdissatisfied,startslookingaround,looksoutthewindowtoseeifhemightfindsomebodysothathe,too,couldfindsomecontainment.
Thatallappliestotheego/Selfrelation.Theegoofcourseisthesmaller,simpler,containedentity,andtheSelfisthecontainer.Aslongasthatsituationprevails,thenaJobeventwillneverhappenbecausehewillhearkentohiscounselors.Thecounselorsexpressthestateofcontainment,andthatiswhattheyinformedJob:"YouaresmallerthanYahweh,soyouarethecontainedoneacceptthatsituation."ItisbecauseJobdidnotacceptitthattosomeextentheturnedthetablesonYahwehandinonerespect,foramomentatleast,theegobecamethecontainerandtheSelfthecontained.
Item3derivesfromparagraph616,whereJungsaysthatYahweh
projectshisowntendencytounfaithfulnessuponascapegoat.ThereisreasontosuspectthatheisabouttoloosenhismatrimonialtieswithIsraelbuthidesthisintentionfromhimself.
Yahweh,likeajealoushusband,ispreoccupiedwiththepossibilityofhiswife'sinfidelity.ThatstateofaffairsisillustratedveryvividlyinthethirdchapterofJeremiah.ThisisYahwehspeaking:
Ifamansendsawayhiswifeand,afterleavinghim,shemarriesanotherman,doesthefirsthusbandcomebacktoher?Wouldnotthelandbewhollydefiled?Butyouhavesinnedwithmanylovers,andyetyouwouldreturntome!saystheLord.Liftyoureyestotheheights,andseewherehavemennotlainwithyou?BythewaysidesyouwaitedforthemlikeanArabinthedesert.Youdefiledthelandbyyourwickedharlotry.Thereforetheshowerswerewithheld,thespringrainfailed.Butbecauseyouhaveaharlot'sbrowyourefusedtoblush.58
TheLordsaidtomeinthedaysofKingJosiah,"SeenowwhatrebelliousIsraelhasdone.Shehasgoneupeveryhighmountainand
(footnotecontinuedfromthepreviouspage)
afootnotethatforthesakeofclarityheassumedthecontainerandthe"complicatednature"tobethemanandthecontainedthe"simplernature"tobethewoman:"ThisassumptionisdueentirelytotheexigenciesofEnglishgrammar,andisnotimpliedintheGermantext.Needlesstosay,thesituationcouldjustaseasilybereversed.''Ed.]58Jer.3:13,NewAmericanBible.
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undereverygreentreeshehasplayedtheharlot.AndIthoughtaftershehaddoneallthisshewillreturntome.Butshedidnotreturn.Then,eventhoughhertraitorsisterJudahsawthatforalltheadulteriesrebelliousIsraelhadcommitted,Iputherawayandgaveherabillofdivorce,neverthelesshertraitorsisterJudahwasnotfrightened;shetoowentoffandplayedtheharlot.Eagertosin,shepollutedtheland,committingadulterywithstoneandwood."59
It'slaidoutveryexplicitly.InourclinicalterminologyYahwehhasaninfedilitycomplex.Weencounterthissituation(itisnotsouncommon)whereahusbandorawifebecomesconvincedthatthespouseisbeingunfaithful.Jungtellsusthereasonforthatinparagraph620:
YahwehhadlostsightofhispleromaticcoexistencewithSophiasincethedaysoftheCreation.Herplacewastakenbythecovenantwiththechosenpeople,whowerethusforcedintothefemininerole.
WhatYahwehisdoingisentertainingtheprospectofbeingunfaithfultoIsraelinordertohavearelationwithSophia.ButfromwhatwassaidearlierwecanconsiderthathisrelationwithIsrael(akindofprojectionofthefeminineconsort)wasanecessarystepinYahweh'sbecomingconsciousofSophia.Justasthehumanmaleegomustintegratetheanimaviaprojection,viaanexperiencewithalivingpartneroftheoppositesex,soYahwehmustalsohavethatexperience,musthavetheexternalloverelationshipwithIsrael,andthenlaterwithdrawtheprojection.Theinfidelitycomplexisakindofunconsciousexpressionofthefactthathe'sgoingtoturnfromaprojectedrelationshiptohisconsorttoaconscious,directrelationshiptoSophiaherself.ThatanticipatedinfidelityisthenprojecteduponIsrael.
Thesamethingappliestotheindividualcaughtintheinfidelitycomplex.Whatiscalledforistherealizationthattheindividualdoesindeedneedtobepartially"unfaithful"totheexternalpartnerinorder
tohavearelationshipwiththeinnerconsorttheanimaoranimus.Andbelieveme,thatisoftenexperiencedbythepartnerasaninfidelity.
Item4comesfromparagraph617:
59Jer.3:69,NewAmericanBible.
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WhoeverknowsGodhasaneffectonhim.
Thissentenceepitomizestheentirebook.Itisthemostimportantsinglesentenceinthebook.AndforthatreasonI'veputitupontheboardinGermantoemphasizeJung'soriginalformulation,"WerGotterkennt,wirktaufihn."
Idon'tthinkwecanoverestimatewhatarevolutionaryandprofoundfactanddiscoveryisexpressedbythissimplesentence.Ithinkthisishowpsychotherapyworks.Astheanalystcomestoknowthenatureoftheunconsciousofthepatient,astheanalystisabletoperceivetheabysmalworldofshardsthatresidesintheunconsciousofthepatient,astheanalystisabletogetbehindit,sotospeaktoseeitthatactofhaving-been-seenhasaneffect.Naturallyitisourtasktocommunicateverballywhatweseetothepatient,butevenintheabsenceofanexplicitcommunicationthehaving-been-seenactsontheunconsciousofthepatient.
Iwon'taskyoutotakethatasdogma,Iaskyoutotakeitasanhypothesisandconsideritinyourworkandseeifitisverified.Ithinkveryoftenitis.Ofcoursenaturallywecan'tverifyitallthetimebecausesometimesthemillsofGodgrindratherslowly.Butit'saveryimportantprincipleofdevelopingconsciousness.AlsoIthinkthisinsightisofsuchfundamentalimportancetothecollectivethatthissinglesentenceisenoughtocreateawholenewaeontheJungianaeon.
Item5comesfromparagraph619:
IftheoriginalfatherAdamisacopyoftheCreator,hissonCainiscertainlyacopyofGod'ssonSatan,andthisgivesusgoodreasonforsupposingthatGod'sfavourite,Abel,mustalsohavehiscorrespondenceina"supracelestialplace."
TheideahereisthatAdam,asaprototypeoftheego,ismadein
God'simageandthereforeifAdamhadtwosonsthatmeans(ifhe'sfollowingthedivinepattern)thatYahwehalsohadtwosons.ItisJung'spointthatonlyonesonbecamevisibleatfirst,theCainson,namelySatan.ButtheAbelsonisgoingtoshowupshortly,theChristson.
AnotherparallelbetweenYahwehandAdamisthattheybothhadtwowives.Inthesameparagraph,Jungsays:
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TheoriginalmanwhowascreatedinthetheimageofGodhad,accordingtotradition,twowives,justlikehisheavenlyprototype.
Yahweh'stwowivesareIsraelandSophia.JustastheSelfhastwowives,theegohastwowives.Ithinkwhatthatreferstoisthis:thetwowivesoftheegoaretheouterpartnerandtheinnerpartner.Weoftenencounterasituationwhereamaniscaughtbetweentwowomen,orawomaniscaughtbetweentwomen.Thereisacertainkindofpsychologythatischronicallygettingintotrianglesofthatsort.Onewaywedescribeitinamanisasasplitanima.Anotherwaytodescribeitisasanexteriorizationofthetwowivesarchetype.Oneofthosetwowivesbelongsinsideandwhenoneisinside,thenoneontheoutsidesuffices.Butwhenapersonisintheprocessofdiscoveringtheinnerone,itveryoftenhappensthatlifegetscomplicatedwithtwoouterwivesbecausetheunconsciousinnerwifeisprojectedoutward.
ThesamethingappliesthentotheSelf.TheSelfhastwowives.TheegoistheouterwifeoftheSelfandtheeternalconsortistheinnerwifeoftheSelf.ThatwouldcorrespondinBiblicalterminologytoIsraelastheouterwifeofYahwehandSophiaastheinnerconsortofYahweh.
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6Paragraphs625648TherearetwoitemsleftoverfromlasttimethatIwanttotalkabout.Inparagraph621Jungsays:
AtthebottomofYahweh'smarriagewithIsraelisaperfectionisticintentionwhichexcludesthatkindofrelatednessweknowas"Eros."ThelackofEros,ofrelationshiptovalues,ispainfullyapparentintheBookofJob.
Andthenagain,inparagraph623:
Godwasnowknown,andthisknowledgewentonworkingnotonlyinYahwehbutinmantoo.ThusitwasthemenofthelastfewcenturiesbeforeChristwho,atthegentletouchofthepre-existentSophia,compensateYahwehandhisattitude....[SophiaorWisdom]showsthemthebrightside,thekind,justandamiableaspectoftheirGod.
TheideahereisthatJob'sseeingofYahwehhastheeffectofYahweh'sdiscoveringhismissingEros.Thisisanexampleofthestatementwediscussedlasttime,"WhoeverknowsGodhasaneffectonhim."Job'sknowledgeofGodhastheeffectofmakingGodconsciousoftherelatednessprinciple,becausesomeonefoundhimoutinastateofunrelatednessandperceivedthatcondition.Thatperceptionitselfhadtheeffectofcorrectingthesituation.
Wemustalwaysaskourselves,withthesemythologicalstatementsthatJungmakes,"Whatdoesthismeaninpractical,psychologicalterms?"That'swhatwehavetodealwithinourdailylife.OnethingIthinkitmeansisthatconsciousnessoftheviolent,unrelatedpoweraspectoftheunconscioustransformsit.Ibelievethisprocesstakesplacebothinregardtoone'sself-knowledge,inwhichoneobservestheviolentpoweraspectofone'sownunconscious,andIbelieveit
operatesalsoinrelationtotheknowledgeofothers.
Theanalystobservestheviolentpoweraspectofthepatient'sunconsciousinthesamewayasJobobserveditwithYahweh.Thatveryobservationpromotesatransformationsubtlybutnonetheless
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inaveryrealway.Oncetheunconscioushasbeenseenandrecognizedbysomeoneforwhatitis,thateventconstellatesaneedforittochange.
Theseconditemleftoverfromlasttimeisreferredtoinparagraph624,whereJungsays:
ThereappearanceofSophiaintheheavenlyregionspointstoacomingactofcreation.Sheisindeedthe"masterworkman";sherealizesGod'sthoughtsbyclothingtheminmaterialform,whichistheprerogativeofallfemininebeings.HercoexistencewithYahwehsignifiestheperpetualhierosgamosfromwhichworldsarebegottenandborn.Amomentouschangeisimminent:Goddesirestoregeneratehimselfinthemysteryoftheheavenlynuptials.
Thekeyphrasehereis"theperpetualhierosgamosfromwhichworldsarebegottenandborn."Wemustaskourselveswhatdoesthatmean?Whatistheperpetualhierosgamos?Hierosgamosmeanssacredmarriage.Itisanimageofconiunctio.Iunderstand"theperpetualhierosgamos"torefertothebedrockfoundationoftheobjectivepsyche,thecollectiveunconscious.JungtellsusthatJob'sencounterwithYahwehhadtheeffectofconstellatingoractivatingorbringingintovisibilitytheperpetualhierosgamos,whichthenledtothetransformationofYahweh.
IthinksomethinganalogoustookplaceinconnectionwithJung'sexperienceoftheperpetualhierosgamos.HedescribesthatexperienceinMemories,Dreams,Reflections.Ittookplaceduringhisillnessin1944.Letmereadsomeselectedphrases:
Everythingaroundmeseemedenchanted....Imyselfwas,soitseemed,inthePardesRimmonim,thegardenofpomegranates,andtheweddingofTiferethwithMalchuth60wastakingplace.OrelseIwasRabbiSimonbenJochaiwhoseweddingintheafterlifewasbeingcelebrated.ItwasthemysticmarriageasitappearsintheCabbalistictradition.Icannottellyouhowwonderfulitwas....TherefollowedtheMarriageoftheLamb,ina
Jerusalemfestivelybedecked....Thesewereineffablestatesofjoy....thehierosgamoswasbeingcelebrated....All-FatherZeusandHeraconsummatedthemysticmarriage,asitisdescribedintheIliad.61
60Twoofthesefirothofthesefirotictree.Seeabove,p.505.61Memories,Dreams,Reflections,p.294.
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ThiswasJung'sexperienceofwhatheherecallstheperpetualhierosgamos.ThefruitthatwasbornoutofJung'sexperiencewas,inquicksuccession,ThePsychologyoftheTransference,Aion,AnswertoJobandMysteriumConiunctionis.Thisfruitisanexampleofthe"worldsthatarebegottenandborn"outofthe"perpetualhierosgamos"referredtoinparagraph624.Overandbeyondthat,it'smyopinionthattheuniversalfruitofJung'sexperienceoftheperpetualhierosgamoswasthebirthofthenewJungianaeon,whichthosefourbooksdescribe.
Nowtotoday'sassignment.
JustasthedecisiontobecomemanapparentlymakesuseoftheancientEgyptianmodel,sowecanexpectthattheprocessitselfwillfollowcertainprefigurations.(par.625)
Asnothingcanhappenwithoutapre-existingpattern,notevencreationexnihilo,whichmustalwaysresorttothetreasure-houseofeternalimagesinthefabulousmindofthe"masterworkman,"thechoiceofamodelforthesonwhoisnowabouttobebegottenliesbetweenAdam...andAbel.(par641)
WhatIwanttocallyourattentiontoistheunqualifiedstatementthat"nothingcanhappenwithoutapre-existingpattern."ItisveryinstructivetoobservehowJungelaborateshisargumentabouttheprocessofGod'sincarnatingasman.HeemphasizesrightatthestartthatevenGodhastohaveapre-existingpattern.ThatshowsyouwhatvitalimportanceJungattachestopsychicpatternsofstructureasthebasicelementalrequirementsforanypsychicoperation.
Thisisaveryimportantprincipletoapplyinthecourseofpracticalanalysis.Aswelistentopatientsandstudytheirunconsciousmaterialwemustalwaysbeonthealertforthebasicpatternsthatarebeingrevealedtous.Thosewouldbetheverythingsthatthepatientmissesentirely.Thepatientisatseainachaosofevents,butifweare
familiarwiththebasicpsychicpatterns,wewillperceivethemandcanpointthemout.Therewillbe,byandlarge,twodifferentlevelsonwhichthesepatternswillbebased.
Firsttherewillbepsychologicalmaterialderivedchieflyfromthepersonallevelfrompersonalchildhoodexperience.Thismaterialwillrevealrepetitionsofthepatternsofexperiencethatwerelaid
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downinchildhood:theparticularfamilyconstellationsandtheparticularexperientialconstellationsthatimprintedthemselvesonthechild'spsycheandwillremainthereforalltime.Analysisdoesnoterasethosechildhoodpatterns;themostitcandoistomakethemconscious.
Second,belowthatpersonallevelofpatterningwillbethecollectivelevel,whereweperceivethearchetypalpatterns.Thepersonalpatternsthatwedetectonthebasisofchildhoodexperiencealsowillhavetheirarchetypalprototypes.Whenthetimehascomeforthepatienttoengagethearchetypaldimensionofthelifepatternsheisinvolvedwith,thedreamswillindicatethatfactbytakingonanarchetypalquality.Thatwillthenencourageustoshifttheinterpretationofpatternsfromthepersonaltothearchetypallevel.AsJungtellsushere,Godhimselfisdependentonpre-existingpatternswheneverhewantstocreatesomething.Jungcouldhardlystatemoreemphaticallyhowcruciallyimportantheconsidersthebasictypicalpatternsofthepsychetobe.
InthefollowingparagraphJungtalksaboutthefactthatYahwehisobligedtoincarnate.Theincarnationisonlypartiallyconsummated,however,becausebothmotherandsonarenotcompletelyhumansincetheydon'thavethefullquotaofhumansinfulness.Theninparagraph627hegoesontosay:
Thisarrangement,thoughithadtheeffectofexaltingMary'spersonalityinthemasculinesensebybringingitclosertotheperfectionofChrist,wasatthesametimeinjurioustothefeminineprincipleofimperfectionorcompleteness,sincethiswasreducedbytheperfectionizingtendencytothelittlebitofimperfectionthatstilldistinguishesMaryfromChrist.Phoebopropiorluminaperdit![Phoebus,thesun,destroyslightsneartoit.]Thusthemorethefeminineidealisbentinthedirectionofthemasculine,themorethewomanlosesherpowertocompensatethemasculinestrivingforperfection,andatypicallymasculine,idealstate
ariseswhich,asweshallsee,isthreatenedwithanenantiodromia.Nopathleadsbeyondperfectionintothefuturethereisonlyaturningback,acollapseoftheideal,whichcouldeasilyhavebeenavoidedbypayingattentiontothefeminineidealofcompleteness.
Thiswayofputtingitis,Ithink,aninterestingvariationfromthe
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usualdescriptionsofthenatureofthemasculineandfeminineprinciplesithelpsusseethecontrastbetweenthosetwoprinciplesfromaslightlydifferentangle.Themasculinespiritprincipleisstrivingforperfectionandthefemininenatureorrelatednessprincipleisstrivingforcompleteness.Hereagain,Ithinkanawarenessofthisparticularpairofcontrastingentitiesisveryhelpfulintheanalyticprocess.Certainlyinthemodernsituationthetendencytoperfectionhasgottenfarmoreattentionthanthetendencytocompleteness.Weareallveryalerttotheideaofintroducingthecompletenessprincipleasawayofmitigatingaone-sidedemphasisonperfection.
Butatthesametimewemustnotforgetthatweencounterafairnumberofindividualswhoaremorecompletethantheyareperfect.Imeanbythataveryunconsciouscompleteness.Natureiscomplete.She'sallofonepiece,butallofhercontrastsoperatequiteoutsideanyconsciousness.Itisnotuncommonthataninchoate,undifferentiatedpsychologythatcanclaimacertainkindofunconscious,undifferentiatedcompletenessneedstobeconfrontedwiththegoalofperfection.Theseareapairofopposites,eachofwhichhasanequalrighttoexist,andthequestionforthetherapistiswhichwaytoleanwithanyparticularindividualandsetofcircumstances.
Inparagraph629Jungmakesaveryobscureandesotericremark.Listentothiscarefully,becausewhatJungisdoinginthisworkperhapsaboveallothersisspeakingtousfromalevelofconsciousnessofwhichwehavealmostnoawarenessatall.Wereallyhavetostrainourselvestograspwhatitisheistalkingabout.
AlthoughthebirthofChristisaneventthatoccurredbutonceinhistory,ithasalwaysexistedineternity.Forthelaymaninthesematters,[andwhoisn'talayman?]theidentityofanontemporal,eternaleventwithauniquehistoricaloccurrenceissomethingthatisextremelydifficulttoconceive.Hemust,however,accustomhimselftotheideathat''time"isarelativeconceptandneedstobecomplementedbythatofthe"simultaneous"
existence,intheBardoorpleroma,ofallhistoricalprocesses.Whatexistsinthepleromaasaneternalprocessappearsintimeasanaperiodicsequence,thatistosay,itisrepeatedmanytimesinanirregularpattern....Whenthesethingsoccurasmodernvariants,therefore,theyshouldnotberegardedmerelyaspersonalepisodes,moods,orchanceidiosyncrasiesinpeople,butasfragmentsofthepleromaticprocessitself,
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which,brokenupintoindividualeventsoccurringintime,isanessentialcomponentoraspectofthedivinedrama.
Nowthat'squiteamouthful.Oneofthekeytermsheuseshereis"pleroma."That'saGnostictermthatreferstotheeternalrealmoutsideofphenomenal,temporalexistence.Itmeansapproximatelythesamethingasthecollectiveunconscious.Ithinkweneedtopracticeacertainkindofvisualizationofthecollectiveunconscious.Becauseitisnottangibleandvisiblemostpeopledonotevenacknowledgeitsexistence.
Wewhoknowthatitexists,byvirtueofourexperienceofit,needtopracticeorexerciseourvisualizationofwhatourexperienceofthecollectiveunconsciousindicatesthatitis.Iwouldsuggestthatwethinkofitasaverysubtlefluidthatpervadeseverything.Itismostconcentratedinhumanbeingsbutitisnotatallconfinedtothem.Weknowthroughourexperienceofsynchronicity62thatitextendsallthewaydowntoinorganicmatter.
Ithinkwehavetohypothesizethatthefluidpervadesallofexistenceasweperceiveit.Itmeans,then,thatthebasicpatternsthatgotomakeupexistencearepervasiveandrepeatthemselvesonalllevels,notonlyonthepsychologicallevelbutalsoonthechemicalandphysicalandastronomicallevels.Onallthoselevelsthesamepatternsrepeatthemselves.Theenergy,thedynamismthatoperatesthroughthatfluid,likewiseextendslikeapervasivenetworkthrougheverything,andthatallgoestomakeupwhat'scalledthepleroma.Butitexistsoutsideoftimeandspace.Thingsgetalittlehardtovisualizewhenyouaddthatproviso,butitisanecessaryprovisobecauseourexperienceteachesusthatthecollectiveunconsciousdoestranscendtimeandspace.Timeandspacearecategoriesoftheegosotheyarenecessaryforegoconsciousnessbuttheydonotapplytotheunconscious.
WhatJungissayingherethenisthatthesearchetypes,theseentiainthepleromaareeternalentitiesthateruptintothetemporalprocess.Theyeruptintoindividualegoconsciousnessbecausethetemporal
62Meaningfulcoincidence,asforinstancebetweenadreamandanouterevent.See"Synchronicity:AnAcausalConnectingPrinciple,"TheStructureandDynamicsofthePsyche,CW8,pars.816968.
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processderivesfromegoconsciousness.Onsuchoccasionstheegoiscaughtinapieceofthedivinedramaandlivesitout,moreorlessconsciouslyorunconsciously.
AnotherwayofputtingitisthattheegoisintimeandtheSelfisineternity.TheegoistheagentoftheSelfintime,sotospeak.Whencertainarchetypalentitieseruptintoegoexistence,thenitisthetaskoftheegotoembodythoseentities,incarnatethem,andrealizethemasconsciouslyaspossible.Ifthereislittleconsciousnessattachedtotheevent,thentheegobecomesthetragicvictimofthearchetypethatitisconstellating.Ifthereismoreconsciousnessinvolved,thentheegodoesnothavetobeatragicvictimbecauseitknowswhatishappeningtoit.Itbehavesinamuchdifferentwayandcanmediatethearchetypalpatternmuchdifferently.
Inparagraph634JungsaysthatYahwehmakesthemistakeofnotconsultinghisomniscience.Jungwrites:
WecanonlyexplainthisontheassumptionthatYahwehwassofascinatedbyhissuccessiveactsofcreation,sotakenupwiththem,thatheforgotabouthisomnisciencealtogether.Itisquiteunderstandablethatthemagicalbodyingforthofthemostdiverseobjects...shouldhavecausedGodinfinitedelight....
Andinparagraph635:
TheBookofJobstillringswiththeproudjoyofcreating.
And636:
SoeveninJob'sdayYahwehisstillintoxicatedwiththetremendouspowerandgrandeurofhiscreation.
Speakingofbasicpatterns,hereisonesuchpattern,intoxicationwithcreativity.JungtalksaboutthisfromanotherangleinhisZarathustraseminars.ItisaparticularlyfinepassagethatI'vealreadyquotedinanotherplace,butIwanttorepeatittoyoubecauseitissovery
relevant:
[Thecreativeforces]haveyouonthestring,andyoudancetotheirwhistling,totheirmelody.ButinasmuchasyousaythesecreativeforcesareinNietzscheorinmeoranywhereelse,youcauseaninflation,becausemandoesnotpossesscreativepowers,heispossessedbythem....
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Nietzscheofcoursecouldnothelplookingatthethingandthenhewasoverwhelmedwithresentmentsbecausethecreativepowersstealyourtime,sapyourstrength....Therefore,suchpeoplefeelsoterriblycheated;theymindit,andeverybodyoughttokneeldownbeforetheminordertomakeupforthatwhichhasbeenstolenbyGod.Thecreativeforceshavetakenitoutofthem,andthereforetheywouldliketopersonifythem,toimaginethattheyareShiva,inordertohavethedelightofbeingcreative.Butifyouknowyouarecreativeandenjoybeingcreative,youwillbecrucifiedafterwards,becauseanybodyidentifiedwithGodwillbedismembered.Anoldfatherofthechurch...saidthat...[our]creativespiritcanpenetratethedepthsortheheightsoftheuniverselikeGod...butonaccountofthathewillalsohavetoundergothedivinepunishment.ThatwouldbethedismembermentofDionysosorthecrucifixionofChrist.63
Thisiswhathappenstotheindividualwhoidentifieswithcreativity.Itisanintoxicationofdelightwhileatthesametimeitisfollowedbydismemberment.ItisstrikinghowtheseremarksofJung'salsoapplytohisdescriptionofYahweh.HeistellingusthatYahwehisintoxicatedbyhiscreativity,thatheisidentifiedwithit.ButthenwhathappensisthathehastoundergocrucifixionasChrist.ThepatternappliestoYahwehaswellastoman.
Paragraph639:
Therecanbenodoubtthathe[Yahweh]didnotimmediatelybecomeconsciousofthemoraldefeathehadsufferedatJob'shands.Inhisomniscience,ofcourse,thisfacthadbeenknownfromalleternity,anditisnotunthinkablethattheknowledgeofitunconsciouslybroughthimintothepositionofdealingsoharshlywithJobinorderthathehimselfshouldbecomeconsciousofsomethingthroughthisconflict,andthusgainnewinsight.
Hereisanimportantidea,thatwheneveronefindshimselfinastateofconflictwithsomeoneorwithasituation,heshouldentertainthehypothesisthatthepsychehaspropelledhimintothatsituationin
ordertogenerateconsciousness.Thatisanalmostinfalliblelaw.Ifyouentertainthathypothesisyouwillfinditconfirmedalmostevery
63Nietzsche'sZarathustra:NotesoftheSeminarGivenin19341939,vol.1,pp.5758(alsoquotedinEdinger,AnatomyofthePsyche,p.64).
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time.Theouterpersonoreventthatoneisinconflictwithisanexteriorizationofaninnerantagonist,andasonepaysattentiontothatpossibilitytheouterconflictresolvesbecauseithasbecomeinternalizedandonehasallhecanhandletakingcareofwhatisgoingoninside.
ThemajorthemeofthisassignmentistheideaofGod'sbecomingman.Inparagraph640,Jungsays:
Yahwehmustbecomemanpreciselybecausehehasdonemanawrong....Becausehiscreaturehassurprisedhimhemustregeneratehimself.
Andinanotherplace,paragraph631:
OneshouldmakecleartooneselfwhatitmeanswhenGodbecomesman.Itmeansnothinglessthanaworld-shakingtransformationofGod.ItmeansmoreorlesswhatCreationmeantinthebeginning,namelyanobjectivationofGod.
Wecangoinalotofdifferentdirectionswiththisveryprofound,many-facetedsymboloftheincarnationofGodorofGod'sbecomingman.OnedirectionIwanttotakewithitisthatIseeitasreferringtothehumanizationoftheunconsciousonalllevels.Theunconsciousisnothuman.Thepersonalunconsciousisinfantile.Thecollectiveunconsciousisanimal,orinorganic,ordivine.
Sowhatdoesitmeanthenforthecollectiveunconscioustobecomeman?Ithinkitmeansapproximatelythesamethingasismeantbythesymbolicimageofthealchemistswhocreatedahomunculusalittlemanintheirretort.TheyturnedtheprimamateriaintoahomunculuswhichwasoneofthesymbolsofthePhilosophers'Stone.Inotherwords,theyturnedbasematterintosomethinghuman,somethingman-like.Itmeanssomethinglikethehumanizationoftheuniverse,orthehumanizationofreality.
RememberthatJungstatesthatJobdiscoveredthatYahwehisa
phenomenonandnotaman.ElsewherehetellsusthatGodisrealityitself(par.631).IfGodhasbecomeman,thenrealityitselfhasbeenhumanized.Itmeansthatrealityitselftakesonahumanface,hasbecomefriendlytomanratherthanbeingthebrute,indifferentnaturethatweperceiveittobe.ThisistheimplicationofthealchemicaltermthatIhaveplacedontheboard,salvatormacrocosmi.Oneofthe
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symbolsofthePhilosophers'Stoneisthesalvatormacrocosmi,theSavioroftheUniverse.Thatisthemeaningofthatterm.Anditcontrastswiththeotherterm,salvatormicrocosmiwhichwasappliedtoChrist,whowascalledtheSaviorofMan,thelittleuniverse,themicrocosm.
Christwasunderstoodtheologicallytohavecometosavemanfromtheworld.TheeffectthenofChristiantheologyistopluckmanrightoutoftheworld,asiftosay,''Getoutofthisvaleoftearsasquicklyasyoucanandgetuptoheaven."Thatisthewaymanissaved.Buttheworldisleftbehind,toitsowndevices.ThePhilosophers'Stoneofthealchemists,ontheotherhand,isthesavioroftheworlditisthesavioroftheuniverse.ThismeansessentiallythesamethingasJungistalkingaboutwhenhespeaksoftherequirementforYahwehtobecomemanbecauseJobhasseenhim.
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7Paragraphs649661Item1isfoundinparagraph650,whereweread:
[Satan's]comparativeineffectivenesscanbeexplainedontheonehandbythecarefulpreparationsforthedivinebirth,andontheotherhandbyacuriousmetaphysicalphenomenonwhichChristwitnessed:hesawSatanfalllikelightningfromheaven.Inthisvisionametaphysicaleventhasbecometemporal;itindicatesthehistoricandsofarasweknowfinalseparationofYahwehfromhisdarkson.Satanisbanishedfromheaven....Althoughheisbanishedfromtheheavenlycourthehaskepthisdominionoverthesublunaryworld[theearth].Heisnotcastdirectlyintohell,butuponearth.
WhatIamconcernedwithhereistheimageofaspiritualorangelicbeingfallingoutofheavenanddowntoearth.ThisisafundamentalimagethatonefindsscatteredinvariousplacesintheScriptures.Italsooftencomesupindreams.Ithasatwofoldmeaninginaccordancewiththetwofoldnatureoftheimage:(1)Satan'sbanishmentfromheavenand(2)hisfallingtoearth.
Itrefers,asJungsays,toadecisiveseparatiowithintheGodhead.TheYahwisticandtheSatanicaspectsoftheGodheadaresundered.Sataniskickedoutofheaven.Itrepresentsadecisiveseparationoftheopposites:ofgoodfromevilandofheavenfromearth.SoYahwehnowbecomesidentifiedwithheavenandspirit,andSatanbecomesidentifiedwithearthandmatter.Thatisonepsychologicalreference.
Thereareotherexamplesofthisimage.ForinstanceinthetwelfthchapterofRevelation,whichwewillbestudyingsoon,weread:
Woetotheinhabitorsoftheearthandofthesea!forthedeviliscomedownuntoyou,havinggreatwrath,becauseheknoweththathehathbuta
shorttime.64
Thatisaneventthatissupposedtohappenattheendofthe
64Rev.12:12,AuthorizedVersion.
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Christianaeon.ThenthereisanotherreferencetothissameimageinthesixthchapterofGenesis:
ThesonsofGodsawthedaughtersofmenthattheywerefair;andtheytookthemwives....ThesonsofGodcameinuntothedaughtersofmen,andtheybarechildrentothem.65
Hereagainwehavetheimageofangelsangelicbeings,calledthesonsofGodwhoareluredtoearthbythedaughtersofmen,andwhoarethencalledthefallenangels.Thosefallenangelsthenteachhumanitytheartsandsciences.WewillbereadingtheBookofEnochnextweekinwhichthereisalengthydescriptionofthiseventhowthefallenangelsteachmantheartsandsciences.
Inadditiontotheseparatiofactor,theothermajormeaningisthatitrepresentscoagulatio.IconsiderthedetailsofthisimageinTheAnatomyofthePsyche.66Theideaofadescentfromoneleveltoanotherbelongstothesymbolsystemofcoagulatio,anotherwordforwhichisincarnation.Whensomethingdescendsfromanupperspiritualleveltoalowerrealm,ittakesonbodyasitdescends.Thatistheprocessofcoagulatio.Itisthedescentofheavenlyspiritualstuffthatfallsintomatter.AGnosticexampleofthisimageisSophia,whooutofdesirousnessfortheimagethatsheseesreflectedinthelowermaterialrealms,fallsintotheembraceofmatterandundergoesincarnation.Thisisanotherimageofcoagulatio,oftheprocessofaspiritualcontentundergoingembodiment.
Allofthishastodowithegodevelopment.Inthissymbolism,thatwhichpertainstoearthandbodyandmatterreferstotheegoitistheegothenthatistheincarnatingagent,andrealizesorgivesbodyorrealfleshlyexistencetopsychicstuffthatisjustabstractuntilit'slivedoutconcretelyinthepersonallifeofaparticularego.
AnotherinterestingimagethatfitsthissamepatternisLucifer'sfall
fromheavenasdescribedinMilton's"ParadiseLost."Ithinkitisprobablysignificantthatthatparticularclassicwaswrittenintheseventeenthcentury,justaswehadenteredintothefinalquarteroftheChristianaeon.LetmereadyouafewlinesaboutwhenLuciferrebelsagainstGodandisexpelledfromheaven,justinthesame
65Gen.6:2,4,AuthorizedVersion.66Chapter4,pp.83-116.
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fashionthattheimageofSatanisexpelledfromheaven:
Hetrustedtohaveequal'dtheMostHigh,Ifheoppos'd;andwithambitiousaimAgainsttheThroneandMonarchyofGodRais'dimpiousWarinHeav'nandBattelproudWithvainattempt.HimtheAlmightyPowerHurl'dheadlongflamingfromth'EtherealSkieWithhideousruinandcombustion,downTobottomlessperdition,theretodwellInAdamantineChainsandpenalFire,Whodurstdefieth'OmnipotenttoArms.67
That'sanimageofegodevelopment!
Item2isfromparagraph651:
ButalthoughChristhascompleteconfidenceinhisfatherandevenfeelsatonewithhim,hecannothelpinsertingthecautiouspetitionandwarningintotheLord'sPrayer:"Leadusnotintotemptation,butdeliverusfromevil."Godisaskednottoenticeusoutrightintodoingevil,butrathertodeliverusfromit.ThepossibilitythatYahweh,inspiteofalltheprecautionarymeasuresandinspiteofhisexpressintentiontobecometheSummumBonum,mightyetreverttohisformerwaysisnotsoremotethatoneneednotkeeponeeyeopenforit.
IthoughtthiswouldgivemeanopportunitytosayafewwordsaboutthepsychologicalimplicationsofthepassagethatweknowofastheLord'sPrayer.ThiscomesfromthesixthchapterofMatthew.Letmeremindyouofhowitgoes:
OurFatherwhoartinheaven,hallowedbethyname.Thykingdomcome,thywillbedoneonearthasitisinheaven.Giveusthisdayourdailybreadandforgiveusourtrespasses[ordebts]asweforgivethosewhotrespassagainstus,andleadusnotintotemptationbutdeliverusfromevil....
Thatprayerhasbeenonthelipsofmillionsandmillionsof
individualsatthetimesofgreatestcrisis.Itisladenwithpsychologicalimpact.Itisdividedintoseven"petitions."(Jungspeaksofthesixthpetitionasthewords"leadusnotintotemptation.")Whenlookedat
67"ParadiseLost,"book11,lines4049.
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psychologicallyyouseerightawaythatitisaformulaformaintainingaconnectionbetweentheegoandtheSelf.Letmejustillustratethatbrieflywitheachofthesesevenpetitions.
Petition1."Hallowedbethyname,"or"Thynamebesacred."ThatmeansImustrememberthetranspersonalsacreddimensionoflife.Thatiswhattheegoisremindingitselftorememberthatlifeisnotjustsecular,ithasatranspersonaldimension.
Petition2."Thykingdomcome."TheegohereisannouncingthatitrecognizesthattheruleoftheSelfshouldprevail.
Petition3."Thywillbedoneonearthasitisinheaven."Heretheegoissaying,"Iamgoingtolivemylifeoutofthesamerulethatyoubringtoyourkingdom."
Petition4."Giveusourdailybread."(TheVulgatesays,"Giveusoursupersubstantialbread,"whichIthinkputsaniceangleontoit.)Theideatherewouldbeapetitionorrequestfortheinflowofnourishingimagesandmeaningwhichisthepsychologicalbread.
Petition5."Forgiveusourtrespasses,"or"ourdebts."Iprefer''trespasses"(thoughdebtsisthemorecommontranslation)becauseitemphasizesthenatureoftheego'ssinagainsttheSelf.ItscharacteristicsinistheinflationofidentifyingwiththeSelfinotherwords,trespassingontheSelf'sterritory.
Petition6."Leadusnotintotemptation,"istheoneJungrefersto,becausethefactisthattheSelfinitsdesirefortotalrealization,totalincarnationofitsoppositenature,leadsoneintoevilaswellasintogood.Itisquiteunderstandablethatthatpetitionwouldbeincluded.
Petition7."Deliverusfromevil."Protectusfromdisruptivedangersthatyoucannothelpbutleadusinto.
Item3isbroughtupinparagraph655:
WhenChristleavestheearthlystage,hewillaskhisfathertosendhisflockaCounsellor(the"Paraclete")whowillabidewiththemandinthemforever.TheCounselloristheHolyGhost,whowillbesentfromthefather.This"SpiritofTruth"willteachthebelievers"allthings"andguidethem"intoalltruths.''Accordingtothis,ChristenvisagesacontinuingrealizationofGodinhischildren,andconsequentlyinhis(Christ's)brothersandsistersinthespirit.
WhatJungisreferringtocomesfromthefourteenthandsixteenthchaptersofJohn.Letmereadpartsofboth,becausethisimageof
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thecomingoftheParacleteisanotherveryimportantpsychologicalsymbolforourunderstanding.Christishereannouncingthatheisgoingtodieshortly,andheisinforminghisdisciplesofthatfact,andtellingthemnottobedisturbedbecausethereisgoingtobeareplacement.ThisisfromtheJerusalemtranslation:
ItisforyourowngoodthatIamgoing,becauseunlessIgotheAdvocate[theParaclete],willnotcometoyou;butifIdogo,Iwillsendhimtoyou.68
IshallasktheFatherandhewillgiveyouanotherAdvocate[Paraclete]tobewithyouforever,thatSpiritoftruth,whomtheworldcanneverreceive,sinceitneitherseesnorknowshim,butyouknowhim,becauseheiswithyou,heisinyou.Iwillnotleaveyouorphans.Iwillcomebacktoyou.Inashorttimetheworldwillnolongerseeme,butyouwillseeme,becauseIwillliveandyouwilllive.OnthatdayyouwillunderstandthatIaminmyFather,andyouinme,andIinyou.69
Whatdoesthismean?Itmeansthataliteral,concreteembodimentoftheSelfforagivenpersonwhichistheroleChristwasfulfillingforhisdisciplesatthetimethatthatconcrete,literalembodimentmustdieinorderfortheego/Selfrelationtobeinternalized.
ThecomingoftheParacletewecanunderstandclinicallyasanimageoftheresolutionofthearchetypaltransference.Thus,attheconclusionofananalysis,whentheissueoftheresolutionofthetransferenceisuppermost,theanalystmustconveypreciselythesamemessage:"ImustgoanditistoyouradvantagethatIgoandunlessIgoyourdirectinnerrelationtotheSelfcannotappear."AndinordertopromotethatinnerdirectrelationtotheSelfwehavetoencourageactiveimagination.Inthelaterphasesofanalysisactiveimaginationistheprimaryagencyfortheresolutionofthetransference.ActiveimaginationistheevocationoftheParaclete.
Item4,paragraphs657and658,concernsareallycrucialtheme,the
continuingincarnation.ThisideaisthecoreoftheJungianmyth:
God'sIncarnationinChristrequirescontinuationandcompletionbecauseChrist,owingtohisvirginbirthandhissinlessness,wasnot
68John16:7.69John14:16.
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anempiricalhumanbeingatall.AsstatedinthefirstchapterofSt.John,herepresentedalightwhich,thoughitshoneinthedarkness,wasnotcomprehendedbythedarkness.Heremainedoutsideandabovemankind.Job,ontheotherhand,wasanordinaryhumanbeing,andthereforethewrongdonetohim,andthroughhimtomankind,can,accordingtodivinejustice,onlyberepairedbyanincarnationofGodinanempiricalhumanbeing.ThisactofexpiationisperformedbytheParaclete;for,justasmanmustsufferfromGod,soGodmustsufferfromman.Otherwisetherecanbenoreconciliationbetweenthetwo.
Thecontinuing,directoperationoftheHolyGhostonthosewhoarecalledtobeGod'schildrenimplies,infact,abroadeningprocessofincarnation.Christ,thesonbegottenbyGod,isthefirst-bornwhoissucceededbyanever-increasingnumberofyoungerbrothersandsisters.
Thisistheideaofthecontinuingincarnation.It'sanotherexpressionoftheprocessofindividuationbutit'samorevivid,moreevocativesymbolfortheprocessofindividuationwhichotherwisehasaratherabstractqualityaboutit.JungsaysmoreaboutthisthemelateroninAnswertoJob,butIfirstwanttoreadyoupartofaletterhewrotetoElinedKotschnig.Iwouldliketoremindyouthatthisletter,writteninEnglish,isamajortextofthenewJungianmyth.
Thesignificanceofmanisenhancedbytheincarnation.Wehavebecomeparticipantsofthedivinelifeandwehavetoassumeanewresponsibility,viz.thecontinuationofthedivineself-realization,whichexpressesitselfinthetaskofourindividuation.Individuationdoesnotonlymeanthatmanhasbecometrulyhumanasdistinctfromanimal,butthatheistobecomepartiallydivineaswell.Thismeanspracticallythathebecomesadult,responsibleforhisexistence,knowingthathedoesnotonlydependonGodbutthatGodalsodependsonman.Man'srelationtoGodprobablyhastoundergoacertainimportantchange:Insteadofthepropitiatingpraiseforanunpredictablekingorthechild'sprayertoalovingfather,theresponsiblelivingandfulfillingofthedivinewillinuswillbeourformofworshipofandcommercewithGod.HisgoodnessmeansgraceandlightandHisdarksidetheterribletemptationofpower.70
70Letters,vol.2,p.316.
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Item5,paragraph658:
Theagonizingdeathofhis[Yahweh's]sonissupposedtogivehimsatisfactionforanaffronthehassuffered,andforthis"moralinjury"hewouldbeinclinedtotakeaterriblevengeance.Oncemoreweareappalledbytheincongruousattitudeoftheworldcreatortowardshiscreatures,whotohischagrinneverbehaveaccordingtohisexpectations.Itisasifsomeonestartedabacterialculturewhichturnedouttobeafailure.Hemightcursehisluck,buthewouldneverseekthereasonforthefailureinthebacilliandwanttopunishthemmorallyforit.Rather,hewouldselectamoresuitableculturemedium.
ThatparticularimageoftryingtounderstandGod'srelationtomanthroughman'screationofabacterialculturehasaveryinterestingparallelinascience-fictionstorybyStanislavLemwhoisaparticularlyfinescience-fictionauthor.He'swrittenastorycalled"NonServiam,"whichisLatinfor"Imaynotserve."
Inthisstoryascientistcreatesacomputerworldinwhichconsciousbeingsexistwithinthecomputercontext.Whathecallspersonoids.Andtheseentities,astheygainconsciousness,begintoindulgeinmetaphysicalspeculationaboutthenatureoftheircreator.Andtheydivideupintovariousfactions.ThetwochieffactionsaretheGodliesandtheUngodlies.Theirquestionwasdoestheircreatorwantthemtobelieveinhimandwouldhepunishthemiftheydon'tbelieveinhim?Theybeginadispute.Asplitdevelopsbetweenthetwo.OnesideassumesthatthecreatorGodrequiresreverence,loveanddevotion,andinordertowinsalvationonemustbegratefultothemakerforcreatinghimanddoone'sbesttoserveGod.Theothersidethinksnotatall.WemustassumeGodisjustandomniscient.NothingwhateverisdemandedbecauseaGodthatcravessuchfeelingofbeinglovedandservedmustfirstofallassurehiscreaturesthatheactuallyexists.Hecan'trequirethemtorelyonspeculationabouthisexistence.Ifhe'salmightyhecouldhaveprovidedcertaintyandsincehedidnot
provideit(assumingheexists)hemustnothavethoughtitnecessary.Andifhe'snotalmightywouldhebedeservingofsuchfeelingsandserviceatall?Sothatparticularviewsays,no,we'renotobligedtoservethisGod(whoprobablydoesn'texistanyway)becausethefactthathedoesn'tdemonstratehisexistencetousmeanswe'reundernoobligationtoservehim.
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Tothescientistwho'sbeenlisteninginonallthis(andrealizesthey'retalkingabouthim)thislastreasoningseemsincontrovertible:
I'mthecreatorandIdidproducethatworldwiththeaidofAdonai9computerprogramandthefactisthatIhavenotcommunicatedtothemeithermyexistenceoranythingaboutmyexistence.AndtheyarrivedatthatideaonlybyinferenceandIdonotatallfeelmyselfentitledtodemandofthemanyparticularprivilegeslove,gratitudeorevenservices.EventhoughI'momnipotentwithregardtotheirworldIcanpulltheplugonthemanydayIdon'tevenlovethem,actually.71
I'mgoingintothisbecauseitillustratesanissuethemodernmindisengagedwith.Science-fictionisrightontheborderofscience,whereimaginationandsciencemeet.It'saplacewherethecollectiveunconscioushasachancetospeaktothemodernworld,andwediscoverinstoriesofthissorthowthesamematterthatJungisdealingwith,onafardeeperlevel,isalsoengagingthecollectivepsyche.
Item6comesfromparagraph659:
ThefactthatChristianethicsleadstocollisionsofdutyspeaksinitsfavour.Byengenderinginsolubleconflictsandconsequentlyanafflictioanimae,itbringsmannearertoaknowledgeofGod.AlloppositesareofGod,thereforemanmustbendtothisburden;andinsodoinghefindsthatGodinhis"oppositeness"hastakenpossessionofhim,incarnatedhimselfinhim.Hebecomesavesselfilledwithdivineconflict.
Ijustwantedtodrawyourattentiontothatstunningstatementbecauseitconcernsabasicissuewe'redealingwithallthetime,bothinourselvesandinourpatientsthematteroftheopposites.JungisemphasizingherethattheexperienceoftheconflictoftheoppositesisanexperienceofGodwhoisbeingincarnatedinhisoppositeness.This,needlesstosay,addsawholelevelofunderstandingtotheexperienceofconflict.
Item7,paragraph660,isadeepone:
BecausetheimagoDeipervadesthewholehumansphereandmakesmankinditsinvoluntaryexponent,itisjustpossiblethatthefour-hundred-year-oldschismintheChurchandthepresentdivisionofthe
71"NonServiam"inAPerfectVacuum,p.195(modified).
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politicalworldintotwohostilecampsarebothexpressionsoftheunrecognizedpolarityofthedominantarchetype.
Thebasicaxiomhereisthat"theimagoDeipervadesthewholehumansphereandmakesmankinditsinvoluntaryexponent."Ipreferaslightlydifferenttranslationofthatsentence(whichhingesonhowyoutranslatetheverbdarstellen):"TheimagoDeipervadesthewholehumansphereandisinvoluntarilyrepresentedbymankind."
Ihopeyourealizewhatthissentenceimplies.IwanttosayabitaboutwhatIthinkitimplies.YourememberImentionedbeforethatyoucanthinkofthecollectiveunconsciousasaverysubtlefluidpervadingalloftheuniversebutbeingespeciallyconcentratedinthepsycheofhumanity.Thiscorrespondstotheimageofthealchemicalelixirpermanens.It'sthefluidthatpermeateseverything.Itcanseepitswayintoeverything.Andthat'sthewordJunguseshere:"TheimagoDeiPERVADESthewholehumansphere."
TheGod-image(imagoDei),therefore,asthecorearchetypeofthecollectiveunconscious,isthecentralagentandcreativeauthoritywhichdeterminesthefunctioningofallindividualsandallorganicgroupingsofindividuals.AndbyorganicgroupingsImeanallfamilies,tribes,factions,parties,religions,nationsallgroupings,smallorlarge,whichareunifiedbymutualidentificationwithanorigin,acauseoracreed.Theseorigins,causesandcreedswillbeexpressionsoftheGod-imagewhichistheoperativecentralagentinthepsycheofthatparticulargroup.Whatthatmeansthenisthatinallconflictsbetweennations,creedsdifferentfactionsofallkindseachsidewillbeactingoutofacommitmenttoitsownversionoftheGod-image.Inotherwords,theconflictbetweenanytwofactionsisaconflictwithintheGod-imageitself.
Ihopeyouallfollowthat.Ifnotwe'llgooveritfurtherinthediscussionperiod.Butthisismyefforttoelaboratewhatiscondensed
inthisonesentence,"TheimagoDeipervadesthewholehumansphereandisinvoluntarilyrepresentedbymankind."Asthatbecomesvisibletoyou,itchangesyourwholeunderstandingofthefunctioningofthecollectivepsycheofhumanityofthewayitmanifestsitself,politicallyandreligiouslyandfactionally,inallofitsvariousaspects.
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8Paragraphs662687andtheBookofEnochThebasicthemeoftonight'sassignmentisthedifferentiationandtransformationoftheGod-imageinhistory.AndthedatathatJungusestodemonstratethatdifferentiationandtransformationarechieflythevisionofEzekiel,thevisionofDanielandthevisionintheBookofEnoch.ThevisionofEzekielcomesfromaboutthetimeoftheBabylonianexilesolet'scallit550B.C.;theBookofEnochwascompletedabout100B.C.;andthevisionofDanielfallssomewhereinbetween.
ThebasicideaisthatJob'sencounterwithYahwehisfollowedbyanactivationofthecollectiveunconsciousbyvirtueofJob'sprofoundconsciousinsightintothenatureofthedeity.TheGod-imagefeelsobligedtomoveclosertomanandthatbringsabouttheactivationofthecollectiveunconscious.
ThistendencyoftheGod-imagetomoveclosertohumankindisrevealedfirstinEzekiel'svisionandtheninawholespateofapocalypticliteraturethatappearsinthelasttwocenturiesB.C.AmongtheitemsofthatliteratureJungreferstoaretheBookofDanielandtheBookofEnoch.That'sthebasicthemeofoursubjectmatter.HavingsaidthatInowwanttofocusmyremarksoneightitemsconcerningthistheme.
ThefirstitemisEzekiel'svisionwhichJungdiscussesbeginninginparagraph665.ThevisionisofagreatchariotwithfourmassivewheelsandaboveitisthevaultoftheheavensandsittingabovethatvaultistheGod-image"inthelikenessofahumanbeing."Andeachofthegreatwheelsissurroundedbyeyesallarounditsrimsandeachwheelisaccompaniedbyacreaturewithfourfaces.
Jungspeaksofthisvisionsaying:
Thefirstgreatvisionismadeupoftwowell-orderedcompoundquaternities,thatis,conceptionsoftotality,suchaswefrequentlyobservetodayasspontaneousphenomena.Theirquintaessentiaisrepresentedbyafigurewhichhas"thelikenessofahumanform."HereEzekielhasseentheessentialcontentoftheunconscious,namely
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theideaofthehighermanbywhomYahwehwasmorallydefeatedandwhohewaslatertobecome.
ThisvisionisreallytheculminationoftheOldTestament,understoodpsychologically,andit'sthefoundationforChristianmandalasofChristsupportedbythefourevangelists,threeofwhomhaveanimalfacesandoneofwhomhasahumanface.It'sthestartingpointforalllaterJewishmysticism.JungusedthissameimageasthebasicpatternforhisformulaoftheSelfwhichhedescribesinconsiderabledetailinAion.
ThisvisionisfoundinchapteroneoftheBookofEzekiel.LetmejustreadyouafewofthepassagestoremindyouoftheflavorofthisgreatvisionoftheGod-image,themostdifferentiateddepictionoftheGod-imageintheOldTestament.Yousee,aprocessofdifferentiationhasoccurredasaresultoftheencounterwithJob.TheGod-imageisnolongersodiffuse.It'sundergoneaseparatiointofour,sotospeak.
Stormwindfromthenorth...hugecloudwithflashingfire...fourlivingcreatureswithinthecloud.Eachhasfourfaces:onehasthefaceofaman,onethefaceofalion,onethefaceofanoxandonethefaceofaneagle.Andtherewerewheelsontheground,onebesideeachofthefourlivingcreatures.Rimsfullofeyesallaround.Andovertheheadsofthelivingcreaturessomethinglikeafirmamentcouldbeseenlikeglitteringcrystal.Andabovethefirmamentsomethinglikeathronelookinglikesapphireanduponitwasseatedonethathadtheappearanceofaman.[HereforthefirsttimeYahwehismanifestingasamanwhichindicatesthathe'sdrawingclosertohumanity.He'sbeginningtoundergohumanization.]Fireisallaboutsurroundedwithsplendorliketherainbowthatappearsinthecloudsonarainyday.72
AndtheninthenextchapterEzekielhearsavoicefromthefigureabove.Andthevoicesays,
Sonofman,standup,Iwishtospeakwithyou.Sonofman,IamsendingyoutotheIsraelites,rebelswhohaverebelledagainstme.73
72Ezek.1:428,NewAmericanBible(condensed).73Ezek.2:13,NewAmericanBible(condensed).
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SoheaddressesEzekielwiththetitle,"SonofMan."Inparagraph667JungsaysthatpresumablythatismeanttoindicatethatEzekielisthesonofthe"Man"onthethrone.
Allright,that'sthefirstpieceofdataJungadducestoindicatethattheGod-imageisundergoingdifferentiationandtransformation.
Jung'ssecondreferenceandourseconditemisthevisionofDanielwhichhespeaksofinparagraph668:
Thedisturbanceoftheunconsciouscontinuedforseveralcenturies.Around165B.C.,Danielhadavisionoffourbeastsandthe"AncientofDays,"towhom"withthecloudsofheaventherecameonelikeasonofman."Herethe"sonofman''isnolongertheprophetbutasonofthe"AncientofDays"inhisownright,andasonwhosetaskitistorejuvenatethefather.
ThisreferenceisfoundintheseventhchapterofDaniel,startingwiththesecondverse:
InavisionIsawduringthenightsuddenlythefourwindsofheavenstirringupthegreatseafromwhichemergedfourimmensebeasts.Onewaslikealion,thesecondwaslikeabear...thethirdwaslikealeopardandthefourth,differentfromalltheothers,[was]terrifying,horribleandofextraordinarystrength...andhadironteeth.AndasIwatched...thronesweresetupandtheancientone,theancientofdaystookhisthrone.Hisclothingwassnowbrightandthehaironhisheadaswhiteaswool.Histhronewasflamesoffirewithwheelsofburningfire....Asurgingstreamoffireflowedoutfromwherehesat.Thousandsuponthousandswereministeringtohimandmillionsuponmillionsattendedhim....AsthevisioncontinuedIsawonelikeaSonofMancomingoncloudsofheavenandwhenhereachedtheancientofdaysandwaspresentedbeforehimhereceiveddominion,gloryandkingship.Nationsandpeoplesofeverylanguageservehim.Hisdominionisaneverlastingdominionthatshallnotbetakenaway.Hiskingshipshallnotbedestroyed.74
SohereagainwehavetheGod-imagemanifestinginavisiontomanandappearingfirstofallasanoldmanandthenassomeonedesignatedastheSonofManwhorepresentsarejuvenationoftheantiquatedGod-imageoftheAncientofDays.Andjustasin
74Dan.7:214,NewAmericanBible(condensed).
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Ezekiel'svisionthereisaquaternityoffiguresthataredescribedasfouranimals,oneofthemofadifferentnature.Itdoesn'tindicatewhatthenatureis.Hereweencounterthatcharacteristicthemeofthethreeplusone,theso-calledAxiomofMaria.75Sothat'sthesecondbatchofdataaboutthechangingoftheGod-image.
Thethirdbatch,andourthirditemtoday,comesupinreferencetotheBookofEnoch.Now,Ihopeyou'velookedintoitandhavesomeideaofitscontent.It'sdiffuse,it'snotwellorderedandIthinkthat'sprobablybecauseit'sacomposite.It'slikelyacompilationofanumberofvisionaryexperiencesperhapsofmorethanoneauthor.Andit'swrittenoveraperiodoftime,probablyatleasthalfacentury.
LetmejustoutlinetheessentialfeaturesofthatportionofthebookofEnochthatconcernsus.
Inchapters716welearnaboutthefallenangelswhohavebeenlureddownbecauseoftheattractionsofthedaughtersofmen,andtheydescendfromheavenandtakewivesandlivehumanlivesandteachhumanitytheartsandsciences.Butalsothechildrenthattheygeneratearegiantswhoturnonhumanityandbegintoeatthem.ThisisfinallybroughttoGod'sattentionand,asJungpointsout,ratherbelatedlybroughttohisattention.Heshouldhavebeenawareofitimmediatelybuthewasn't.Andhetheneventuallypunishesthefallenangelsbybindingthemandcastingthemintodarkness.
I'lljustreadyouabitoutoftheBookofEnochtorefreshyourmemories:
Azazeltaughtmantomakeswords,knives,shields,breastplates,workmanshipofbraceletsandornaments,theuseofpaint,thebeautifyingoftheeyebrows,theuseofstones,allsortsofdyessothattheworldbecamealtered.Impietyincreased,fornicationmultipliedandtheytransgressedandcorruptedalltheirways.Anotherfallenangeltaughtsorcerersanddividersofroots...anothertheobservationsofthestars,
anotherastronomythemotionofthemoon.76
75"Onebecomestwo,twobecomesthree,andoutofthethirdcomestheOneasthefourth."SeeJung,PsychologyandAlchemy,CW12,par.209.76R.H.Charles,ed.,TheApocryphaandthePseudepigraphaoftheOldTestamentinEnglish,vol.2,p.192(condensed).
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Theninchapters1737Enochtakesaseriesofjourneysthroughearthandhell,goinginthefourdirections.Thisrepresentsacharacteristicperegrinatio.It'sacircumambulationofthewholecircumferenceoftheworldthatinvolvesagainaquaternitybecauseitisavisitingofeachofthefourdirectionsinturn.
Thisisfollowedinchapters3943byajourneytoheaven.AndthereEnochhasavisionofthefoursidesofGod.ThesidesrepresentingthreeofthedivinepresencesarebusypraisingGodandonesideisbusywardingofftheSatansthatthreatentoattackhim.
Inchapters4550wehaveavisionoftheLastJudgment,theimageoftheAncientofDays,andtheSonofManwhowillpassjudgment.There'sareferencetothatinchapter46:
IbeheldtheAncientofDayswhoseheadwaslikewhitewool[it'sthesameimageasinDaniel]withwhomwasanotherwhosecountenanceresembledthatofman.
AndhewastoldthisotherwascalledtheSonofMan.Thisisthe''SonofMantowhomrighteousnessbelongs,withwhomrighteousnesshasdwelt."
AndasJungnotes,thegreatemphasisonrighteousnessispresumablyconnectedwiththisbecauseGodhadbeguntorealizethathewasabitdeficientinthatquality.
Theninchapter59we'retoldaboutBehemothandLeviathanwhowillbeservedupasfoodforthefaithfulintheLastJudgment.
Inchapter70EnochbeholdsthecrystalhouseofGodandheisaddressedbytheGod-imageastheSonofMan:
TheAncientofDayscameandthenthatangelcametomeandwithhisvoicesalutedmesaying,"ThouarttheSonofManwhoartbornforrighteousnessandrighteousnesshathrestedonthee.TherighteousnessoftheAncientofDaysshallnotforsakethee."
SotheBookofEnochendswiththeapotheosisofEnoch.HeundergoesadeificationbecauseheisidentifiedastheSonofManwhichisamanifestationoftheGod-image.SomuchforthesummaryoftheBookofEnoch.
Inowwanttopayspecialattentiontosomeoftheitemsofthesummary.Thefirstitemconcernsthegiants,generatedbythefallenangels,whostartdevouringmankind.I'vereportedaremarkable
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modernparalleltothisaccountinEnochadreamthatcametomyattention.AndI'llreadyouaportionofit.ThisisadreamofamanwholaterbecameaJungiananalyst:
IamalongwhatappearstobethePalisades,overlookingallofNewYorkCity.Iamwalkingwithawomanwhoisunknowntomepersonally,wearebothbeingledbyamanwhoisourguide.NYCisinarubbletheworldinfacthasbeendestroyed.It'sjustoneheapofrubble.Therearefireseverywhere,thousandsofpeoplearerunningineverydirectionfrantically,theHudsonriverhasoverflowedmanyareasofthecity,smokeisbillowingupeverywhere.Thelandhasbeenleveled.Fireballswereinthesky,headingfortheearth.Itwastheendoftheworld.
Thecauseofthisgreatdestructionwasaraceofgreatgiantsgiantswhohadcomefromouterspacefromthefarreachesoftheuniverse.InthemiddleoftherubbleIcouldseetwoofthemsitting;theywerecasuallyscoopinguppeoplebythehandfulandeatingthem.Thesightwasawesome.77
ThedreamcontinuesbutthisexcerptisenoughtoillustratethemodernevocationofthearchetypeoftheendoftheworldwhichwasfirstconstellatedinhistoryinthecontextofNoah'sflood.Thearchetypewasconstellatedasecondtimeinthecontextofthechangeoftheaeons(atthebeginningofourcurrentaeon)whichwasEnoch'sconcern,andnowthesameimageisshowingupintheunconsciousofindividualsattheendofthataeonincurrenttimes.It'saveryvividexpressionoftheactivationofthearchetypalcontentsoftheunconscious.That'swhatthegiantsrepresentthearchetypes.They'rebigger-than-lifethings.Andastheydescendontoearththeimageoftheirdevouringhumanbeingsisanexpressionofindividualsbeingeatenupbyidentificationwiththearchetypesthatarefallingintotheindividualconsciouspsyche.Sobeingdevouredbygiantsisanimageofsuccumbingtoinflation.
Thenextitemconcernsthatfourthsideofthedeitywhichisfending
off"theSatans."Jungreferstothatinparagraph673and674:
EnochinhisvisionseesthefourfacesofGod.Threeofthemareengagedinpraising,praying,andsupplicating,butthefourthin
77SeealsoEdinger,TheCreationofConsciousness,p.28.
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"fendingofftheSatansandforbiddingthemtocomebeforetheLordofSpiritstoaccusethemwhodwellonearth."
ThevisionshowsusanessentialdifferentiationoftheGod-image:Godnowhasfourfaces.
Inaddition,SatanhasnowbeenexcludedfromtheGod-imageandthere'saconsciousdynamicatworktokeephimseparate.
Jungsaysinparagraph674thatoneofthesefaces
isexclusivelyoccupiedinkeepinghiseldersonSatan,nowchangedintomany,awayfromhim,andinpreventingfurtherexperimentsafterthestyleoftheJobepisode.
AninterestingalmostmodernparalleltothisimageisfoundatthebeginningofGoethe'sFaust.Ican'tsayforsurebutIverymuchdoubtthatGoethewasfamiliarwiththeBookofEnoch.Anyway,his"PrologueinHeaven"(theopeningsceneofFaust)startsoutthesamewayastheBookofJobwithMephistophelesvisitingthecourtofheavenandputtinghiswagertotheLord.TheprologueofFaustbeginswiththearchangelsGabriel,RaphaelandMichael,eachinturn,singingthepraisesofCreationhowgloriousistheCreationoftheLord.One,two,threetheycomeoutandthenalongcomesMephistophelesandsays,"I'msorryIcan'tgiveyourCreationanypraiseitlookslikeacompletemesstome."That'snumber4,youseethreeplusoneitisthesameimageastheBookofEnoch,thedifferencebeingthatthere'snothingtofendMephistophelesoff.Hejustsauntersintotheheavenlycourtandstartsexpressinghimself.
Nowournextitem,number6,isreferredtoinparagraph675.ThattheSatanswereexcludedinEnoch,Jungpointsout,indicates"ametaphysicalsplit"hasalreadytakenplacebetweenYahwehandSatan.ThenJunggoesontosay:
Butthepleromaticsplitisinitsturnasymptomofamuchdeepersplitin
thedivinewill:thefatherwantstobecometheson,Godwantstobecomeman,theamoralwantstobecomeexclusivelygood,theunconsciouswantstobecomeconsciouslyresponsible.
Ithinkwe'vegotfourequationstherethatareworthdetailedconsideration.
1)"Thesplitinthedivinewill,"hesays,means"thefatherwants
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tobecometheson,"meaningthatanagingprocessisrecognizedthatiscallingforrejuvenation,rebirth.
2)"Godwantstobecomeman"meanstheeternal,theimmutable,thearchetypalanduniversalwanttobehumanized,theywanttomanifestintime,theywanttoincarnate,theywanttohaveexistenceinparticularityintimeandspacetosubmittothelimitationinordertomanifestmoreconcretely.
3)"Theamoralwantstobecomeexclusivelygood."TheamoralreferstotheunconsciousstateoftheGod-imagewhichexistspriortomoraldifferentiationpriortotheseparationoftheopposites.Itwantstoseparatetheoppositesandthenidentifyexclusivelywiththegoodwhichcantakeplaceonlybybecominghuman.Itcan'toccuraslongastheGod-imageremainsinaneternalundifferentiatedform.Ithastoallowitselftogothroughhumanincarnationinordertoachievethatdifferentiation.
4)"Theunconsciouswantstobecomeconsciouslyresponsible."ThereagainfullconsciousnessoftheSelfrequiresaparticularincarnatedhumanegoinordertobetheSelf'svesselofrealization.
Allofthosefourequationsrefertotheprocessofthedifferentiationandtransformationoftheunconsciousasitisencounteredbytheconsciousego.Andallfourequationsdescribethedynamicsofwhatgoesonwhentheunconsciousissubjectedtoscrutinyaseriousexamination,aseriousauseinandersetzungandaseriousattemptbytheconsciousegotocometotermswithit.
Item7isthisterm"SonofMan."ItcameupinthevisionofEzekiel,inthevisionofDanielanditcomesupagainintheBookofEnoch.Thisisacomplexsymbolicimageofgreatdynamism.AwholebookhasbeenwrittenonthesymbolismoftheSonofMan.78Thisimagedrewsomuchattention,ofcourse,becauseChristusedthisterm
repeatedlytorefertohimself.ThetermSonofManoccurseightytimesinthefourGospels.ButasIsay,itdidn'tbeginthere.ItbeganwithEzekiel,DanielandEnochallofthemlongbeforeChrist.
Religiousscholarshavedisputedendlesslyaboutthistermandtheirinterpretationsfallintofourcategories:
78F.H.Borsch,TheSonofManinMythandHistory.
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1)Thepersonalistic-reductivecategory.Accordingtothisviewthetermdoesn'tmeananythingspecialatall.Itjustmeans"humanbeing."It'sthesameassaying,"Man,it'scoldoutside."
2)Thearchetypalinterpretation.Accordingtothisview,SonofManreferstotheoriginalman,orAnthropos,thatfirstappearedinearlyNearEasternmyth.SothatasynonymforSonofManaccordingtothearchetypalinterpretationmightbe"primalMan"ManspelledwithacapitalM.
3)ThisiswhatIcallthemessianiccategorywhichreferstoapreordained,specialelectoneafigurewhoistoappearonearthandleadalifeofsufferinginordertoredeemmankind.Thisissomethingakintothe"sufferingservant"ofIsaiah.
4)Theeschatologicalview.AccordingtothisviewtheSonofManisametaphysicalfigurewhoisanaspectorpartnerofYahweh,ofGod,whowillmanifesthimselfattheendoftime,whenhewillpassjudgment(theLastJudgment).
Thesearethekindofcomplex,multifacetedinterpretationsyougetwhenyou'redealingwithatruesymbol.Whenatruesymbolisaliveitwon'tstandstillforasingleinterpretation.
Psychologically,IthinkwecangetsomeideaofwhatthetermSonofManmeansbycomparingitwithasimilartermusedinalchemy.InalchemyoneofthesynonymsforthePhilosopher'sStoneisthefiliusphilosophorum,thesonofthephilosophers.Yousee,that'sverysimilartotheSonofMan."Philosophers"isanamethatthealchemistsuseforthemselves.Theywerethephilosophers.Sothesonofthephilosophersisequivalenttothesonofthealchemists.It'sthesonofthepeoplewhomadeit.AndwhatthatsignifiesisthattheyconsideredthestonetobeaproductofhumaneffortalthoughwithGod'shelp.
IbelievethetermSonofManhasasimilarpsychologicalconnotation.It'sanimageoftheSelf.ItrepresentsarejuvenationoftheGod-imagewhichisnowappearinginayoungerversionbutnotundertheappellationSonofGod(thoughthatissometimesusedasanalternative).ButinthecontextinwhichIhavebeentalkingaboutit,atanyrate,it'scalledSonofMan,whichsignifiesthatthenewborntransformedimageoftheSelfrepresentsasumorproductofhumanconsciousness.Inotherwords,theGod-imageinitscon-
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scious,transformedstateemergesastheresultofanencounterwithaconscioushumanego.Andthat'swhyit'scalledSonofMan.
Nowlet'sseewhatJungsaysaboutthis.Hereferstoitfirstinparagraph677:
WhenYahwehaddressedEzekielas"SonofMan,"thiswasnomoreatfirstthanadarkandenigmatichint.Butnowitbecomesclear:themanEnochisnotonlytherecipientofdivinerevelationbutisatthesametimeaparticipantinthedivinedrama,asthoughhewereatleastoneofthesonsofGodhimself.ThiscanonlybetakenasmeaningthatinthesamemeasureasGodsetsouttobecomeman,manisimmersedinthepleromaticprocess.Hebecomes,asitwere,baptizedinitandismadetoparticipateinthedivinequaternity(i.e.,iscrucifiedwithChrist).
Youseethat'squiteanideahere,thisideathat"manisimmersedinthepleromaticprocess."AndJungfollowsthatupinparagraph681,whereheputsitthisway:
Enochisaddressedbytherevealingangelwiththetitle"SonofMan,"afurtherindicationthathe,likeEzekiel,hasbeenassimilatedbythedivinemystery,isincludedinit,asisalreadysuggestedbythebarefactthathewitnessesit....Enochiswaftedawayandtakeshisseatinheaven...hebeholdsthehouseofGodbuiltofcrystal....The"HeadofDays"comesforthand[says]"ThisistheSonofManwhoisbornintorighteousness."
HerethestrikingphraseisthatEnoch"hasbeenassimilatedbythedivinemystery,isincludedinit...bythebarefactthathewitnessesit."
Yousee,that'soneofthefeaturesoftheego'sencounterwiththeunconscious.Theveryprocessofwitnessingitdragsoneintoitandonebecomes,willy-nilly,aparticipantintheprocess.Thestatusofremoteobserverisnotpossibleintheprocessofencounterwiththeunconscious.Youcan'tseeitasitreallyisunlessyouparticipate,andthenbythebarefactofwitnessingthenatureoftheunconsciousyou
changeitandyouaredrawnintothedivinedramathatitisanexpressionof.
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9Paragraphs688-712Beforewegetintotonight'smaterial,thereisoneitemIwantedtofinishupfromlasttime.Thereferencecomesfromparagraph686whereJungsays:
TheinnerinstabilityofYahwehistheprimecausenotonlyofthecreationoftheworld,butalsoofthepleromaticdramaforwhichmankindservesasatragicchorus.Theencounterwiththecreaturechangesthecreator.
Iwanttofocusonthatremark,"Theencounterwiththecreaturechangesthecreator,"inordertoapplyittoouractualpsychologicalexperience.Wegettwotermshere:creatorandcreature.Creaturemeanstheonecreatedbythecreator.Soaquestionthatimmediatelycomesupwhenyoureflectonthisstatementis,"Doestheegoactuallyexperienceitselfasacreaturecreatedbyacreator?"Isthatanactualegoexperienceformodernmenandwomen?Theanswertothatquestiondeterminesone'sreligiouspositioninrelationtoexistence.
Basicallytherearethreepossiblereligiouspositionsconcerningthesetermscreatureandcreator.FirstiswhatIcallcredocontainment.Secondissecular,rationalisticalienation,usuallyaccompaniedbyinflation.Andthirdisego/Selfdialogue,orindividuation.
1)Credocontainmentreferstoastateofaffairsinwhichtheegoexperiencesitselfasthecreature,asthecreatedone,ofacreatorGod,whohasrevealedhimselfinaparticularreligiouscreed,inaparticularbodyofscripture.TherulesofthatcreedarethenexperiencedasthewillofGod,andthecreatureegothensubordinatesitselftothewillofGodasrevealedinthecreeddisseminatedbythepriesthoodorclergyofthecreed.
2)Thesecular,rationalisticcondition,whichisbasicallyatheistic.Accordingtothismodeofexperience,thereisnotranspersonalagencythatisrelevanttohumanexistence.SotheegodoesnotexperienceitselfasacreaturecreatedbyacreatorGod.Ratheritexperiencesitselfasarandomphenomenon,aproductofchance,andno
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valuesexistbeyondwhattheegocreatesforitself.Thisisthemodern,secularrationalistic/existentialistposition.
3)Ego/Selfdialogueorindividuation.InthisstateofaffairstheegodoesindeedexperienceitselfasthecreatureofacreatorSelfonethatmustbegivenconstantattentionandconnectionbutmustalsonotbeconfinedtoanysinglecreed.Itisratherindividual,personalexperiencethatleadstotheawarenessthattheegoisthecreatureofatranspersonalcreator.ItisonlyinthisthirdmodeofbeingthatJung'sstatementapplies,"Theencounterwiththecreaturechangesthecreator."Itisonlyinthisthirdmodethatanyrealencountertakesplacebetweenthecreatureandthecreator,becauseonlyoutofthisreligiouspositioncanagenuinedialogueoccur.
Asanillustrationwecanseetwoofthesepositionsatworkintheconflictovertheteachingofevolutioninthepublicschools.Thecredocontainmentattitudetakesthepositionthatacreatordidindeedgeneratehumanlife.Butthatconvictioncomesoutofaparticularreligiouscreed.Andofcoursethesecular,rationalisticstandpointdeniesanytranspersonalfactor.Thethirdpossibilityhasnotyetevenenteredtherealmofpublicdiscussion.Itdoesn'texist,thereisnospokesmanforthatthirdpositionatall.
IwantedtoelaborateonthatparticularstatementabitbecauseIthinkitorientsustokeepinmindthesethreemodesofreligiousstancewheneverweencounteranewpatientstartinganalysis.Weaskourselves,"Whereisthisperson?Isthepersoncomingfromapositionofcredocontainmentorasecular,rationalisticposition?"Thosearethetwopositionswearemostlikelytoencounter.
Nowtotonight'smaterial.Thefirstitemcomesfromparagraph689:
Jesus,itisplain,translatedtheexistingtraditionintohisownpersonalreality,announcingthegladtidings:"Godhasgoodpleasureinmankind.
HeisalovingfatherandlovesyouasIloveyou,andhassentmeashissontoransomyoufromtheolddebt."HeoffershimselfasanexpiatorysacrificethatshalleffectthereconciliationwithGod.
JunggoesontoremarkhowastonishingitistodiscoverthatYahweh'svindictivenessissogreatthathemustbeboughtoffwiththesacrificeofhisson.
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IwanttotalkabitaboutthisthemeofChristasanexpiatorysacrifice.TheimagealsocomesupintheBookofRevelationwhereChristappearsintheimageofalambwhohasbeensacrificed.That'soneofhissynonyms,thesacrificiallamb.Whatweencounterhereisacontinuation,onanotherlevel,ofthesacrificialritualofthetraditionalHebrewceremonies.AnimalsacrificewasaprominentfeatureofIsraelitereligion,andChristtookoverthattradition.AsJungputsit,''Jesustranslatedtheexistingtraditionintohisownpersonalreality."TheexistingtraditionwasthesacrificialreligionofanimalsacrificewhichChristtranslatedintohisownreality.
ThatisillustratedwithparticularclarityintheBookofHebrews.Thefollowingisaparaphrasefromtheninthchapter:
Thefirstcovenanthadrulesforworshipandaman-madeplaceforworshipaswell.Atabernacletentisputupandafterarrangementsaremade,thetabernacleerected,theouterholyplaceandtheInnerHolyofHolies,thepriestsgointotheoutsidetenteverydaytoperformtheirduties,butonlytheHighPriestgoesintotheinsidetent,andhedoesthisonlyonceayear.Hetakeswithhimblood,thebloodofthesacrificialanimalwhichheofferstoGodonbehalfofhimselfandforthesinsofthepeople.AndtheHolySpiritclearlyteaches,fromallthesearrangements,thatthewayintotheMostHolyPlacehasnotyetbeenopened,aslongastheoutsidetentstillstands.Thisisafigurewhichreferstothepresenttime.ItmeansthatthegiftsandanimalsacrificesofferedtoGodcannotmaketheworshipper'sheartperfect,theyhavetodoonlywithfood,drinkandvariouscleansingceremonies.Theseareoutwardrulesonly,whichapplyonlyuntilthetimewhenGodwillreformallthings.
ButChristhasalreadycomeastheHighPriestandthetentinwhichheservesisgreaterandmoreperfect.Itisatentnotmadebyhumanhands.AndwhenChristwentthroughthattentandenteredonceandforallintotheMostHolyPlace,hedidnottakethebloodofgoatsandcalves,ratherhetookhisownblood,andattainedeternalsalvationforus.Thebloodofgoatsandbullsandtheashesofthebullcalfaresprinkledonthepeople
whoarerituallyunclean,andthatmakesthemclean.Andsincethisistrue,howmuchmoreisaccomplishedbythebloodofChrist.HeoffershimselfasaperfectsacrificetoGod.Hisbloodwillmakeourconsciencesclean.79
79Heb.9:114,GoodNewsBible(slightlymodified).
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SoyouseethereisaprecisetransferfromthesacrificialritualoftheHebrewstotheself-sacrificeofChrist.
Whenyoureflectonit,itisreallyquiteastonishinghowbasicthearchetypeofsacrificeistothehumanpsyche.Themajorityofprimitivesocietieshavesomevestigesofhumansacrifice,andthereisevidenceintheBiblethattheoriginalsacrificewasahumansacrificeandonlylaterdiditbecomeananimalsacrifice.Theideagripstheprimitivemindveryprofoundlythathumanexistencerequiresasacrificetothedivineagency,andthesesacrificescanbeterriblybrutalaffairs.TheAztecsgiveusagreatexampleofthat.
Butwhathashappenednow,accordingtothewayJungislayingitout,isthatbecauseofYahweh'sencounterwithJob,Yahwehhimselfmustnowsubmittosacrifice.Heretoforehehasimposedonhiscreaturesthesacrificialrequirement.Butnowhemustsubmittoithimself.JungelaboratesthiswholeideaintheKotschnigletterthatIreferredtopreviously.HespeaksofhowChristwas
upagainstanunpredictableandlawlessGodwhowouldneedamostdrasticsacrificetoappeaseHiswrath,viz.theslaughterofHisownson.Curiouslyenough,asontheonehandhisself-sacrificemeansadmissionoftheFather'samoralnature,hetaughtontheotherhandanewimageofGod,namelythatofaLovingFatherinwhomthereisnodarkness....Asaconsequencethesacrificewasaself-destructionoftheamoralGod,incarnatedinamortalbody.Thusthesacrificetakesontheaspectofahighlymoraldeed,ofself-punishmentasitwere.80
TotheextentthatChristisrepresentedasthesonofGod,asDeity,thenhisself-sacrificeisaself-destructionoftheamoralGod,whodemandssuchhumansacrifices.Tothatextent,then,heisevidenceofGod'sgoodness.Hisrolewastosacrificehimselfinthatfashion.
IwoulddrawyourattentiontoanimportantdiscussionofthepsychologyofsacrificeinJung'sessay,"TransformationSymbolism
intheMass."81Thethemeofsacrificeisveryimportantinindividuationimagery.
80Letters,vol.2,p.313.81PsychologyandReligion,CW11,pars.381ff.
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ThenextitemIwanttotalkaboutisparagraph692.
ThesendingoftheParacletehasstillanotheraspect.ThisSpiritofTruthandWisdomistheHolyGhostbywhomChristwasbegotten.Heisthespiritofphysicalandspiritualprocreationwhofromnowonshallmakehisabodeincreaturelyman.SinceheistheThirdPersonoftheDeity,thisisasmuchastosaythatGodwillbebegottenincreaturelyman.Thisimpliesatremendouschangeinman'sstatus....Butthatputsman,despitehiscontinuingsinfulness,inthepositionofthemediator,theunifierofGodandcreature.
ThisremindsoneofthesymbolismoftheTrinity,threeunifiedandyetseparateentities,Father,SonandHolyGhost(orHolySpirit;somehowIlikeHolyGhostalittlebetter,ithasalittlemoreshadowtoit).AccordingtotheWesterncreed,theSonproceedsfromtheFatherandtheHolyGhostproceedsfromtheFatherandtheSon.ThisdiffersfromtheEasternChurchwheretheHolyGhostproceedsfromtheFatheralone.ThisindicatestheimportancethattheWesternChurchmythologicallyattachestotheego.
TheideaJungisputtingforwardhereisthattheHolyGhostisgoingtomanifestitselfnotonlyinitsoriginalvessel,ofChrist,butnowalsoinsinfulman.Thisishisideaofcontinuingincarnation.IwanttodrawyourattentiontoanimportantdiscussionoftheHolyGhostthatJunggivesusinalettertoFatherLachat,foundinvolume18oftheCollectedWorksandreprintedinthepaperbackPsychologyandWesternReligion.JunghasanumberofverypertinentthingstosaythereaboutthenatureoftheHolyGhostasitgeneratesthecontinuingincarnation.
Thisgentleman,FatherLachat,hadwrittenabookontheHolyGhostand,inJung'sview,missedthewholepointsomuchsothatJungwasstirredtoexpresshimself:
ThustheordinarymanbecameasourceoftheHolySpirit....Thisfact
signifiesthecontinuedandprogressivedivineincarnation.Thusmanisreceivedandintegratedintothedivinedrama.Heseemsdestinedtoplayadecisivepartinit;thatiswhyhemustreceivetheHolySpirit.IlookuponthereceivingoftheHolySpiritasahighlyrevolutionaryfactwhichcannottakeplaceuntiltheambivalentnatureoftheFatherisrecognized....AconscientiousclarificationoftheideaofGodwouldhaveconsequencesasupsettingastheyarenecessary.Theywouldbeindispensableforaninteriordevelopment
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ofthetrinitariandramaandoftheroleoftheHolySpirit.TheSpiritisdestinedtobeincarnateinmanortochoosehimasatransitorydwelling-place.82
ThisisthesymbolicdescriptionthatJungisusingtodescribetheeffectsofanego'shavingaseriousengagementwiththeunconscious.Whenthatoccursacontinuingincarnationistakingplaceandhumankindisreceivedandintegratedintothedivinedrama.
ContinuingthediscussionoftheHolyGhost,thenextitemcomesfromAnswertoJob,paragraph695:
AlthoughtheParacleteisofthegreatestsignificancemetaphysically,itwas,fromthepointofviewoftheorganizationoftheChurch,mostundesirable,because,asisauthoritativelystatedinscripture,theHolyGhostisnotsubjecttoanycontrol.Intheinterestsof...theChurch...thecontinuingindwellingoftheHolyGhostisdiscouragedandignoredasmuchaspossible.Nofurtherindividualisticdigressionscanbetolerated[i.e.,thatjustleadstoheresy].
AndthewaythatwasaccomplishedwasthatatPentecost,whentheHolyGhostdescended,itdescendedonMarywhowasthereforeunderstoodtobethepersonificationoftheChurch.83AndsoatPentecosttheChurchwasborn.That'sthebirthdayoftheChurchPentecost,it'stheoffspringoftheHolyGhost.ThatmeantthathenceforththeHolyGhostwassafelychainedupintheChurch.TheChurchthenbecomesthearbiteroftheHolyGhost.ThisillustrateshowdangeroustheHolyGhostisforallgrouplife.EverygrouporganismattemptstochainuptheHolyGhost,andthenthelabelofheresyisattachedtoanymanifestationoftheHolyGhostthatrunscontrarytowhatthecanonofthegivengroupis.
Thenextitemcomesfromparagraph696:
InChrist'ssayingstherearealreadyindicationsofideaswhichgobeyondthetraditionally''Christian"moralityforinstancetheparableoftheunjust
steward,themoralofwhichagreeswiththeLogionoftheCodexBezae.
82"LettertoPèreLachat,"TheSymbolicLife,CW18,par.1551.83ThisisdiscussedinEdinger,TheChristianArchetype:AJungianCommentaryontheLifeofChrist,pp.123130.
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ThatLogionorsayingofJesusisonethatJungreferstoanumberoftimesthroughouthiswork,andhequotesitagaininafootnotetothepassageIjustread:
"Man,ifindeedthouknowestwhatthoudoest,thouareblessed;butifthouknowestnot,thouartcursed,andatransgressorofthelaw."
ThatistheremarkChristmadewhenhecameacrossamanworkingontheSabbath,andsomePhariseessaidtohim,"Howaboutthat?"Itwasaboutasbadasmurder,inancientIsrael,toworkontheSabbath.AndyetaccordingtothisLogion,ifyouknowwhatyouaredoing,youcangetawaywithit;andifyoudon't,youarecursed.That'satruthIthinkweallrecognizeasprofoundlyapplicabletoarelationtotheunconscious.Whendubiousthingscomeupthatarecontrarytotheconventionalmorality,ifoneactsinaccordancewithsuchthingseverythingdependsonthedegreeofconsciousnesswithwhichthoseactionsaretaken.
Thenextitemcomesfromparagraph698whereJungtalksaboutJohn,theauthoroftheEpistlesofJohn,whodeclaredthatGodislightandthat"inhimisnodarknessatall."
Johnisabittoosure,andthereforeherunstheriskofadissociation.Underthesecircumstancesacounterpositionisboundtogrowupintheunconscious,whichcanthenirruptintoconsciousnessintheformofarevelation.Ifthishappens,therevelationwilltaketheformofamoreorlesssubjectivemyth,because,amongotherthings,itcompensatestheone-sidednessofanindividualconsciousness.ThiscontrastswiththevisionsofEzekielorEnoch,whoseconscioussituationwasmainlycharacterizedbyanignorance(forwhichtheywerenottoblame)andwasthereforecompensatedbyamoreorlessobjectiveanduniversallyvalidconfigurationofarchetypalmaterial.
Iwantedtodrawyourattentiontothatremarkbecauseitappliestoourunderstandingofdreams.Justastherearetwokindsof
compensatoryvisions(suchastheonesJungmentionsintheabovepassage),sotherearetwokindsofcompensatorydreams.Jungtellsusthatpracticallyalldreamsarecompensatoryinonewayoranother.Buttheycanbecompensatoryindifferentways.
Itisvitallyimportanttounderstandthestateofthedreamer'scon-
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sciousnessbeforetryingtointerpretadream,becausethecompensatoryelementinthedreamcanbeoftwokinds:
1)Iftheconsciousnessofthedreamerisdecidedlyone-sidedincertainrespects,thenthedreamwillhaveamarkedtendencytocompensatethatone-sidednessbyover-emphasizingthecontrary,theopposite.Oneismostapttofindthatsituationamongpatientsattheverybeginningofanalysis.Oftentheycomeinwithone-sidedconsciousstandpoints.
2)Theotherkindofcompensationreallyisn'tcompensation,strictlyspeaking,atall.Itisratherasituationinwhichtheindividualegoisignorantandinnocentofawholelayerofmeaning,andinthatcasethedreambringsupmeaningsthatareobjectivelytrueandthatcompensate,sotospeak,fortheinnocentignorancebutnotintheusualsenseofcompensation.Thedream,then,ismoreanobjectivedescriptionofthewaythingsare.Ithinkasanalysisproceedsthisisthemoreusualkindofdreamthoughthemoreordinarycompensatorydreams(ofthefirsttype)willalsoappearoccasionally,especiallywhenthepatientgetscaughtinaparticularlyone-sidedconsciousattitude.
Fortherestoftonightandfornextweek'sassignmentwewillbestudyingJung'sdiscussionoftheBookofRevelation.Letmeofferyouanoutlineofthisbook:
Chapters13.AvisionoftheSonofMan,withatwo-edgedswordcomingoutofhismouth,followedbythesevenletterstothesevenchurches,somewhatthreateningletters.
Chapters411.Agrandvisionofthedivinethrone,ofacrystallinedeity,thefouranimals,thesacrificiallambwiththesevenhornsandseveneyes,whichanimalthenopensthescrollwiththesevenseals.Andthesesevensealsarebroken,onebyone.Eachtimeasealis
brokenacalamitydescendsupontheearth.Thefirstfoursealsaretheso-called"FourHorsemenoftheApocalypse,"ridingawhitehorse,aredhorse,ablackhorseandapalehorseakindofapocalypticquaternity.Afterthesevensealswehavesevenangelswithseventrumpets,andaseachonesoundshertrumpetadditionalcalamitiespourdownupontheearth.
Chapters1213.Thevisionofthesun-womanandthedragon,thewomanclothedinthesunstandingonthemoon,whogivesbirthtoa
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sonwhoiscaughtuptoheaven.
Chapters1416.Theannouncementoftheeternalgospelwhichis"FearGodandgivehimglory."Thenwehavethevisionofthewine-pressofGod'sangerandtheharvestwhichistheslaughterofhumanity.Thenmoreplaguespouroutonhumanityfromthesevenbowls.
Chapters1718.TheGreatWhoreofBabylon,whoisdrunkwiththebloodofthesaints.
Chapters1920.ThefinalbattlesinwhichSatanisboundandcastintoanabyssandintoalakeoffire,withtheResurrectionoftheDeadandtheLastJudgment.
Chapters2122.ThegrandimageoftheheavenlyJerusalem,thegreatmandalavisionandthegrandimageoftheMarriageoftheLambtotheheavenlyJerusalem.
That'stheoutlinethatIwillfleshoutforyouinthenexttwomeetings,butfornowIwanttospeakoftheBookofRevelationasawhole.Youseeit'samassiveimageoftheactivationofthecollectiveunconscious,thecomingoftheSelfanditsconsciousrealization.
Itisexpressedlargelyinnegativetermsupuntiltheveryend.ThisbookistheWesternpsyche'sclassicexampleofthearchetypeoftheendoftheworld.Othertermsforthissamearchetypewouldbe"cosmiccatastrophe"and"lastjudgment."84YouseethenhowtheextremeanddestructiveimageryassociatedwiththisimageofthecomingoftheSelfindicatesthattheegoinourcurrentaeonexperiencesthiseventasadisaster.
Ifweputitincalm,objective,clinicalterms,whatthisimageryispicturingistheprocessoftherelativizationoftheego.Itsoundsharmlessenough,doesn'tit?Buttotheegowhenitisundergoingits
ownrelativizationitdoesnotseemharmless.ThatistheeventthatoccurswhentheegohasadecisiveencounterwiththeSelf.Thatexperience,almostregularly,isaccompaniedbyterrorandthesenseofcatastrophicdestruction,becausetheegoiscenteredinitself,yousee,andtheprospectofbeingjudgedandrelativizedisanabsolutedisasterwhenoneencountersitdecisively.Anotherimagefortheego'sencounterwiththeSelfisthethemeoftheEyeofGod.Thatis
84Seealsochapters8and10fordiscussionsofthisarchetype.
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avariationofthisapocalypticimagery.85
Thisthemeofcosmiccatastrophe,ortheendoftheworld,isacommondelusionwiththeonsetofpsychosis.Insuchcasesthedeathorrelativizationoftheegoisequatedwiththedeathoftheworld,andrightlyso,sincetheworldexistsonlytotheextentthatthereisaconsciousegotoperceiveit.
Theendoftheworldthemealsofrequentlyappearsindreams.Nowadaysthemostcommonexamplesaredreamsofnuclearwarornuclearexplosionsofonekindoranother,whichareimagesoferuptionintoconsciousmanifestationofthenucleusofthepsyche,theSelf.Thesedreamsmoreoftenthannotarehighlypositive,eventhoughtheystriketerrorintheindividual.Wheneveryouencounterdreamsofthatsort,thinkofRevelation,becauseoneoftheimportantimagesisfirefallingfromheaven.Itfitstheimageryofnuclearwarprecisely.
85SeeTheCreationofConsciousness,pp.42ff.
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10Paragraphs713733Yourememberlasttime,whenwestartedlookingattheBookofRevelationasapsychologicaldocument,IspokeofitasamassivesymbolicimagerepresentingtheactivationofthecollectiveunconsciousandtheeruptionofawarenessoftheSelfintoconsciousness.Imentionedthatdreamsofthisarchetypeoftheendoftheworld,thecosmiccatastrophe,arenotinfrequentinmodernexperience.Dreamsofnuclearwarandnuclearexplosionsarethemostcommonexamples.Ialsomentionedthatthesedreamsintheirneteffectareoftennotasnegativeordestructiveastheymayfirstappear.
Iwanttogiveyouaparticularlyvividexampleofsuchadream.Itisdescribedinratherfulsometerms,andI'mjustgoingtoletthedreamspeakforitself.Itwasdreamtbyamiddle-agedwomanwhohadbeeninanalysisforseveralyears.Shelabeledthisdream,"TheParadiseBombShelter."
Wewereinaroomwhichwassomewherebetweenbeingabombshelterandthefortifiedinnercityofanancientholytown,suchasAcreorJerusalem.Thewallswerefoursquareandbetweenthewallandtheroomorthebuildingtherewasacorridorofair,somethinglikeanovergrown,encirclingapartmenthouseairshaftabufferregion,ano-man'sland.Andinthisroomprivilegedcompanysat,crouching,waitinguntilweheartheterribleexplosionofthebombdescendingontheouterworld.Ithappens,andthedinandtheshakingtakeover,thentheyrecede.
Wehavebeentoldthatsolongaswestayinsidethewallsandsolongaswedon'topenthehugebronzedoors,everythingwithintheshelterwillremainfreefromradiationorfalloutandtherewillbenodeathbycontamination.Agroupoffiveofus,feelingourhermeticallysealedroom
isitselffated,andbeingfilledwithcuriositytoseetheruinedouterworldweruntothedoorsanywayandproceedtopullthemopen.Thatis,fourofthemdo.Ilosemynerveattheendandfallbacktowatchfromadistancewhiletheothersproceed.Finally,withdifficultyandgreatcreakingnoisethegreatbronzedoorsopen,andastheydosotheyletinlightburning,blinding,
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bitter-tasting,acrid-smelling,deafening,suffocatingwhitelightwhichisradiation.
Itdoesn'ttakethefourlongtodecidetheyhaveseenalltheyneedto,andsoontheyaretryingtoclosethedoorsagain,andthatiswhenIstepoutofmycornerandIstandinthemiddleofthecorridor,waitingtheirreturn,andassoonasthefirstonereturnsIcatchherandembraceherwarmly.Shelooksatme,startledbutmoved,andsays,"Don'tyourealizethatnow,throughtouchingme,you,too,arecontaminated?"
Inodmyhead,"Yes,Idoknow,"butthatwasthepoint.Iwantedtoshareinhercontamination.Iwantedtoindicatelove,sympathy,admirationandadesiretobeakintoalltheconsequencesofthenewhumancondition.ThenIaskher,"Whatdidyouseeoutside?"andsheanswers,''Onlyalotofbrokenglass."
Nextwegoaboutpreparingforthedeathswefeelsurewillresultfromtheexposureatthegates.Initiallytwopeoplediddie,butafterthattherearenofurtherdeaths,anditisasthoughthedeathratehassloweddowntonormal.Itisincredible.Wehadexpectedaceaselessparadeofdyingandagonizedradiation-sickenedcitizens,butnowitbeginstolookasifitwilltakealifetimeforusalltodie.
ThenIseeafamilygroup,sittingasthoughforaformalportraitandIrealizewehadevenbeengiventhepowerofreproductionandgeneration,sothislifeisliketheother,onlywearefreefromthebindofstagnationandimmortality.Throughgrowthanddecaywecanchange,andbombshelterscanbecomeholycities.
Well,I'mnotgoingtoofferanyinterpretationofthatdream.Itprettywellspeaksforitself,showingyouhowwhatfirstappearsasdestructivenuclearlightturnsoutoncloseinspection(atleastwhenitisapproachedwiththerightconsciousattitude),toberatheranimageofinitiationintoauthentichumanexistence,whichincludes,ofcourse,mortality.
Iwanttogoontotalkinmoredetailaboutthisrichandcomplex
BookofRevelation.Thereareagreatmanyspecificdetailedimagesthatarerelevanttoourpsychologicalwork,andIwanttodrawyourattentiontosomeofthem,atleast.Thefirstchapterstartsoutwithavisionofthenuminosuminaparticularform.Johnsays:
AndIturnedtoseethevoicethatspakewithme.Andbeingturned,Isawsevengoldencandlesticks.AndinthemidstofthesevencandlesticksonelikeuntototheSonofman,clothedwithagarmentdown
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tothefoot,andgirtaboutthepapswithagoldengirdle.Hisheadandhishairswerewhitelikewool,aswhiteassnow;andhiseyeswereasaflameoffire;andhisfeetlikeuntofinebrass,asiftheyburnedinafurnace;andhisvoiceasthesoundofmanywaters.Andhehadinhisrighthandsevenstars:andoutofhismouthwentasharptwo-edgedsword:andhiscountenancewasasthesunshinethinhisstrength.86
AndquiteunderstandablyJohnthenadds:
WhenIsawhim,Ifellathisfeetasdead.87
ThisisaparticularlyinterestingimageoftheSelfasaninstrumentofseparatio.Thetwo-edgedsword,whichisasymboloftheLogos,isreminiscentofChrist'sstatement,"Icametobringnotpeace,butasword,"thatis,toseparatefamilymembersfromeachother.Thisimagebelongstothewholesymbolsystemofseparatio,whichIdiscussinAnatomyofthePsyche.88AlbrechtDürerhasagreatpictureofthisparticularimage(opposite).
Ialsohavecomeacrossanotherimageofthesamenature,theSelfasitappearsintheconditionofseparatio.ItappearsintheseriesofpicturesthatgotomakeupacasehistoryIhavepublished.89Oneofthepicturesinthatserieswasofaboyholdingontoaballoonwhichwascarryinghimupintothesky,andashewentheavenwardhecameintothevicinityofagreatsawbladesun.Thesunwaspicturedasarevolvingsawblade,withrough,sharpteeth.90ItisthesameimageastheimageofChristwiththetwo-edgedswordcomingoutofhismouth.InbothcasestheSelfismanifestingasasharp-edgedinstrumentthatdivides.ItisthekindofinstrumentthatismostapttoshowupinpsychologicalsituationswheretheLogos,theseparating,judgingfunctionofthepsyche,isinsufficientlyconscious.Itismost
86Rev.1:1216.(Allrefs.toRevelationarefromtheAuthorizedVersion)87Rev.1:17.88Chapter7,pp.183210.
89[TheLivingPsyche:AJungianAnalysisinPictures.Thebookreproducesthe104paintingsproducedbythepatient(anartist)inthecourseofhisanalysis.Thepaintingsareaccompaniedbydescriptions,associations,dreamsandactiveimaginingsofthepatienttogetherwithanincisivecommentarybytheauthor.Ed.]90SeeTheLivingPsyche,p.22.
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ChristoftheApocalypse(FromW.Kurth,ed.,TheCompleteWoodcutsofAlbrechtDürer)
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apttoshowupinpsychologiesthatarekindofdiffuseandnotverysharplydiscriminated.AllthatmissingdiscriminationisresidingintheSelf,anditexpressesitselfinthiskindofthreateningimage.
Anotherinterestingitemshowsupafewversesaftertheonejustquoted.ThevoicethenexplainstoJohnwhatismeantbythestarsandthecandlesticksreferredtoinverses1216:
Thesevenstarsaretheangelsofthesevenchurches:andthesevencandlestickswhichthousawestarethesevenchurches.91
Sowehaveanimageofsevencandlesticksorlampsintheheavenlyrealmwhichareduplicatedontheearthlyrealmasthesevenchurches.Itisasthoughthesevenarchetypalluminositiesarebeingmirroredonearthbythesevenchurches.Furthermorethesevenstarsaredescribedasthe"angelsofthesevenchurches."Andyouwillnoticeinthefirstverseofthenextchapterthattheletterswrittentoeachofthesevenchurchesareaddressednottothechurchitselfbuttotheangelofthechurch,sothatthefirstletterreads,"UntotheangeloftheChurchofEphesus,write...etc."
Ithinkthisimagereferstoaveryinterestingpieceofpsychologicalphenomenologythatremainstobeexaminedandelaborated,becauseIconsidertheseangelsofthechurchestorefertothecollectivepsychicorganismsthatthechurchesareexamplesof.ThereisonlyoneotherplaceintheBiblewherethissameimagecomesupinthetenthchapterofDaniel.Thereanangel,intalkingtoDaniel,referstoan"angelofPersia,andanangelofGreece,"andalsomentionsthefactthatthearchangelMichaelistheguardianangelofIsrael.Sowearetheretoldthatnationshavetheirangelsaswellaschurches.
WhatIthinkthoseimagesrefertoisthefactthateverycollectiveentitythatisconstitutedbyagroupofindividualswhoaremoreorlessidentifiedwithoneparticularcollectivetheme,thateverysuch
collectiveentityisaseparatepsychicorganismithasanangel,sotospeak.Ittranscendsthemereexistenceoftheindividualsthatcomposeit.Itisasthoughtheindividualsformthecellsofthatlargerorganism.Ifyouhavesuchanidea,andstartapplyingittothewaycollectiveorganismsbehave,itcanbeveryilluminating.
Thenextitemistheso-calledthronevision,foundinthefourth
91Rev.1:20.
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chapterofRevelation:
Iwasinthespirit:and,behold,athronewassetinheaven,andonesatonthethrone.Andhethatsatwastolookuponlikeajasperandasardinestone:andtherewasarainbowroundaboutthethrone,insightlikeuntoanemerald.Androundaboutthethronewerefourandtwentyseats:andupontheseatsIsawfourandtwentyelderssitting,clothedinwhiteraiment;andtheyhadontheirheadscrownsofgold.Andoutofthethroneproceededlightningsandthunderingsandvoices:andthereweresevenlampsoffireburningbeforethethrone,whicharethesevenSpiritsofGod.Andbeforethethronetherewasaseaofglasslikeuntocrystal...androundaboutthethrone,werefourbeastsfullofeyesbeforeandbehind.Andthefirstbeastwaslikealion,andthesecondbeastlikeacalf,andthethirdbeasthadafaceasaman,andthefourthbeastwaslikeaflyingeagle.92
Thisthronesymbolism,whichoccurredfirstofallinEzekiel'svision,andhereagaininJohn's,isanexampleofthearchetypeofthechair.Youmightnotthinkofachairasanarchetype,butitis.ThegreatcathedralsofEuropearemagnificentbuildingsbuiltaroundachair.Cathedrameanschair,thechairthatthebishopsitsin.Thatiswhy,whenoneaddressesthe''chair,"oneisaddressingtheheadoftheorganization"Mr.Chairman."Oneisaddressingthearchetype.Thisshowsupindreamssometimes.EstherHardingwroteaboutthesymbolismoftheanalyst'schair.93Shebroughtinalotofdreamsasexamplesofhowthechairoftheanalysttakesonarchetypalauthorityandexpressesitself.Itbecomesakindofcathedra,andanalysts,youknow,haveagreattendencytospeakexcathedra.
Thediscussionofthronesymbolismisfollowed,inthenextfewchaptersofRevelation,byawholeseriesofevents.Thereisascrollwithsevensealsonit,eachofwhichisopened,oneatatime;andthensevenangelsappear,andeachoneblowsatrumpet.We'vealreadyhadsevenstarsinthehandoftheSonofMan,andtheseven
lampstands,sothatthearchetypeofsevenisveryprominentinthismaterial.Andthequestion,ofcourse,is"Whatdoesitmean?"Theonlywaythatwecanelaboratethiskindofmaterialwithanykindofempiricalvalidityisbythemethodofamplification.Welookaround
92Rev.4:27.93SeeM.EstherHarding,TheParentalImage,p.226.
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toseeinwhatothercontextthenumbersevenistobefound.
Aprominentcontextinancientthinkingwasthesevenplanetaryspherestheideaoftheplanetaryladder.Accordingtothisidea,asyouascendstepbystepfromearthallthewayuptotheuppermostregion,theareaofthefixedstars,youpassthrougheachofthesevenplanetsandplanetaryspheres,andeachofthemrepresentsarungontheladder.Thenwhenyoureachtheeighthlevelyouhaveachievedtheverytop,thelevelofthefixedstars.Therearesevenstepsbetweenearthandheaven,andthat'swhythenumbersevenisassociatedwiththeinitiationprocess.Ifyougothroughallsevengradesthenyouareinitiatedintotheveryhighestlevel.Andsevenistoeightasthreeistofour:itisonthewaytototality.Sevenisthelaststationbeforefinaltotalityonthesecondlevelsotospeak.Sothatwouldbesomeoftheimplicationsthen,ofthenumberseven.
AnotheritemIwanttoalludetoisthequestionofthe"markedone."Inchaptersevenweread:
AndIsawanotherangelascendingfromtheeast,havingthesealofthelivingGod:andhecriedwithaloudvoicetothefourangels,towhomitwasgiven[thepower]tohurttheearthandthesea,Saying,Hurtnottheearth,neitherthesea,northetrees,tillwehavesealedtheservantsofourGodintheirforeheads.AndIheardthenumberofthemwhichweresealed:andthereweresealedanhundredandfortyandfourthousandofallthetribesofthechildrenofIsrael.94
InmanyofthemedievalpicturesoftheApocalypsethereareillustrationsofthisprocess,andtherearelonglinesofpeoplewaitingtogettheirseal,andeachonecomesuptogetasealonhisforehead.Usuallyitisrepresentedasacross,anequilateralcross.Anotherversionofthe"markedones"isinchapterfourteen:
[Thesepeople]shalldrinkofthewineofthewrathofGod....Andthesmokeoftheirtormentascendethupforeverandever:andtheyhaveno
restdaynornight,whoworshipthebeastandhisimage,andwhosoeverreceiveththemarkofhisname.95
Sohere'sanotherversion.Thosewhohaveworshippedthebeasthavethemarkofthebeastontheirforehead.Theyaremarkedfor
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damnation,justastheothersaremarkedforsalvation.Thisrepresentstwoversionsofthesamearchetype,onepositiveandonenegative.Tobemarkedmeanstobesetapart,tobeoneoftheelect.Allarchetypesarebipolarandthisoneistoo.Youcanbeelectedtobeblessedorelectedtobedamned.Butpsychologicallyconsidered,whenthisimagecomesupindreamsweunderstandthatasbeingmarkedforindividuation.Inthepsychologicalcontext,itisn'taneither/or;itisratherlikethatmottoplacedovertheconiunctiocastleintheChymicalWeddingofChristianRosencreutz,forallwhoentertosee,"Congratulationsandcondolences."96
Tobemarkedhasadoubleimplicationandifyoudon'tsplittheoppositesitmeansyouaregoingtogetashareofbothcursesandblessings.Thiscomesupindreamsnotinfrequentlyanditiseasytomissunlessyouknowthearchetype.Allarchetypesaremissed,unlessyouknowthem.Unlessyoucanrecognizethemtheywilljustsliprightbyyou.Ifyouknowthem,thenyoucannailitdown.
Thenextitemisthethemeofstarsfallingfromheaven,foundinRevelation6:12:
AndIbeheld,whenhehadopenedthesixthseal,and,lo,therewasagreatearthquake;andthesunbecameblackassackclothofhair,andthemoonbecameasblood;andthestarsofheavenfelluntotheearth,evenasafigtreecastethheruntimelyfigs,whensheisshakenofamightywind.
AndthenagaininRevelation8:10:
Thethirdangelsounded,andtherefellagreatstarfromheaven,burningas[if]itwerealamp.
ThisbelongstothesamesymbolismasSatan'sfallingfromheaven,ortheangelsthatdescendedtomarrythedaughtersofmeninGenesis.Itisthesameimageofdescent,ofarchetypalmaterialfallingoutofthetranspersonalrealmandintotheego.Soitbelongstothesame
imageryofcoagulatio.Igiveadreamexampleofthismotifonpage90ofAnatomyofthePsyche.Inthisdreamapieceofthemoonfelloutoftheskyintoapatient'sapartment.Thatpresaged
96ChristianRosencreutz(pseud.ofJohannValentinAndreae),TheHermetickRomance,ortheChymicalWedding,p.30.(CitedbyJunginMysteriumConiunctionis,CW14,par.37)
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theassimilationofabitoffemininitythathadpreviouslybeenlackinginherego.
Anotheritemisthesymbolismof"onethird."InRevelation8:7weread:
Thefirstangelsounded,andtherefollowedhailandfiremingledwithblood,andtheywerecastupontheearth:andathirdpartoftreeswasburntup,andallgreengrasswasburntup.Andthesecondangelsounded,andasitwereagreatmountainburningwithfirewascastintothesea:andthethirdpartoftheseabecameblood;Andthethirdpartofthecreatureswhichwereinthesea,andhadlife,died;andthethirdpartoftheshipsweredestroyed.Andthethirdangelsounded,andtherefellagreatstarfromheaven...anditfelluponathirdpartoftherivers....andthethirdpartofthewatersbecamewormwood....andthethirdpartofthesunwassmitten,andthethirdpartofthemoon,andthethirdpartofthestars...wasdarkened.
Onandonthethemeofonethirdisrepeated.Weareforcedtoaskourselves,"Whatdoesthatmean?"ItwasathemethatcametomyattentionasaresultofaverysizabledreamIhadsomeyearsago.Oneoftheimageswasthatterroristsburstintoachurchserviceandslaughteredonethirdofthecongregation.ForsometimeIdidn'tgetthisdream,especiallywhatthatparticularimagewasabout.AndthenwhenImadetheconnectionwiththeBookofRevelation,everythinginthedreamfellintoplace.ThenIrecognizedthewholedreamtobeaLastJudgmentdream,tobetheequivalenttoRevelation.AssoonasIrealizedthatitallbecameclear.
That'swhathappenswhenonefindstherightamplificationtoaparticulardreamimage.Ifyoufindtherightamplification,it'silluminating.Suddenlyalightisturnedonandthenyou'vegotyourbearingsandyouknowwhatitisabout.AssoonasIrealizedthatthesignificantamplificationtothatparticularimagewastheBookofRevelationwherealltheseonethirdsaredestroyed,Icouldseethat
mydreamwasanexpressionoftheApocalypse.
Thatstilldoesn'texplainwhatthemeaningofonethirdis.IgavesomethoughttothatandmythoughtsareexpressedinachapterinEgoandArchetypecalled"TrinityandQuaternity."Itismyconclusionthatthenumberthreeisnotalwaysjustanamputatedquaternity,whichinsomecasesitis.Butthat,especiallyintermsofthepsy-
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chologyofyoungerpersons,thenumberthreeisthenumberofegohoodbecauseitistheconsciousegothatmustfunctionintimeandspace,andtimeandspaceareorderedaroundthenumberthree.Eternityisorderedaroundthenumberfour.
SoIunderstandallthisemphasisononethirdbeingdestroyedtoindicateanassaultonthenumberthree.Inotherwords,anassaultontheegoattitude.Thiscontrastswiththesituationearlierinlifewhentheoriginalstateofwholeness,whichisakindoflatentfourness,mustbeassaultedbythenumberthree.Youwillsometimesencounterdreamsthatillustratethatpoint.
OnegoodexampleIrecallisthedreamofayoungman,apueraeternustype,whoneededmore"threeness"inhislife.Hedreamtthatapiewasbeingdividedupintotriangularsections.Theoriginalwholenesswasbeingassaultedbythetriangle,yousee,inorderfortheegotocomeintofullermanifestation.
Thenextitemisthe"sunandmoon"womanfromchaptertwelveofRevelation.
Andthereappearedagreatwonderinheaven;awomanclothedwiththesun,andthemoonunderherfeet,anduponherheadacrownoftwelvestars:Andshebeingwithchildcried,travailinginbirth,andpainedtobedelivered.Andthenthereappearedanotherwonderinheaven;andbeholdagreatreddragon,havingsevenheadsandtenhorns....Andhistaildrewthethirdpartofthestarsofheaven,anddidcastthemtotheearth:andthedragonstoodbeforethewoman...todevourherchildassoonasitwasborn.Andshebroughtforthamanchild,whowastoruleallnationswitharodofiron:andherchildwascaughtupuntoGod,andtohisthrone.Andthewomanfledintothewilderness,whereshehathaplacepreparedofGod.97
Jungtalksaboutthisimagewhichisquiteimportanttohim.HefirstreferstoitinAnswertoJob,paragraphs710711:
Thereappearedinheaven,afterthedestructionofJerusalem,avisionofthesun-woman....Shewasinthepangsofbirth,andbeforeherstoodagreatreddragonthatwantedtodevourherchild.
Thisvisionisaltogetheroutofcontext.Whereaswiththepreviousvisionsonehastheimpressionthattheywereafterwardsrevised,
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rearranged,andembellished,onefeelsthatthisimageisoriginalandnotintendedforanyeducationalpurpose.
Andinparagraph713Jungsays:
Themanchildis"caughtup"toGod,whoismanifestlyhisfather,andthemotherishiddeninthewilderness.Thiswouldseemtoindicatethatthechild-figurewillremainlatentforanindefinitetimeandthatitsactivityisreservedforthefuture.
Andthenagain,inparagraph716:
Underthoseconditionsthenew-bornmanchildwouldhavebeenboundtohaveanoticeablypositiveaspect,because,inaccordancewithhissymbolicnature,hewouldhavecompensatedtheintolerabledevastationwroughtbytheoutburstoflongpent-uppassions,beingthechildoftheconjunctionofopposites,ofthesunfilleddayworldandthemoonlitnightworld.Hewouldhaveactedasamediator...andwouldthushavebecomeabeneficentsaviourwhorestoredthebalance.
Letmejuststateitbaldlyandnotbeataroundthebush:Ithinkwecanconsiderthischildofthesun-moonwoman(whoisthepersonificationoftheSol-Lunaconiunctio)asananticipationofJungianpsychology,lodgedrightinthemiddleoftheancienttext.Yousee,John'sGod-imagewassplitbecause,ascharacteristicofthatnuminosum(forinstance,theswordcomingoutofitsmouth),separatiohasbeenthekeythemeoftheChristianaeon.Andthemanchildbornofthissun-moonwomanisaproductoftheconiunctio,ratherthantheseparatio,andsoitrepresentstheunifiedGod-imagethatonlybecomespossibleintheJungianaeon,andthatwillcomeaboutprogressivelywiththecontinuingincarnationoftheGod-imageinearthlyman.That'showIunderstandwhatJungistellinguswhenhesays,inparagraph713:
Themanchildis"caughtup"toGod,whoismanifestlyhisfather,andthemotherishiddeninthewilderness.Thiswouldseemtoindicatethatthechild-figurewillremainlatentforanindefinitetimeandthatitsactivityisreservedforthefuture.
Thefutureisnow,andJung,whohasunderstoodandinterpretedthatimage,isperformingthefunctionofbringingitsmeaninganditsrealizationtofulfillment.
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11Paragraphs734747Iwanttodiscussafewitemsleftoverfromlasttime.Firstistheeternalgospelwhichstates,''FearGodandgiveglorytohim."
AndIsawanotherangelflyinthemidstofheaven,havingtheeverlastinggospeltopreachuntothemthatdwellontheearth,andtoeverynation,andkindred,andtongue,andpeople,Sayingwithaloudvoice,FearGodandgiveglorytohim.98
ThisisanimportantfeatureofRevelationforJung.Hespeaksofitinseveralplaces,oneofthemparagraph733:
CouldanyoneinhisrightsensesdenythatJohncorrectlyforesawatleastsomeofthepossibledangerswhichthreatenourworldinthefinalphaseoftheChristianaeon?Heknew,also,thatthefireinwhichthedevilistormentedburnsinthedivinepleromaforever.Godhasaterribledoubleaspect:aseaofgraceismetbyaseethinglakeoffire,andthelightofloveglowswithafiercedarkheatofwhichitissaid"ardetnonlucet"itburnsbutgivesnolight.Thatistheeternal,asdistinctfromthetemporal,gospel:onecanloveGodbutmustfearhim.
Jungishereenunciatingaverybasicprincipleofhisthought.ThestatementjustquotedreplacesthenaiveassumptionthatGodisaconsciousandall-lovingbeing.Theeternalgospelmeansthatitreferstobeyondtimetheeternalgospelasopposedtothetemporalgospel.AcorollarytotheprinciplethatonecanloveGodundercertainfavorablecircumstances,butmustfearhim,isthatanxietyisanexpressionofproximitytoGod.Thisisaveryhelpfulorientingprinciple,becauseonceyougraspitsrealityyouhaveimmediatelyshiftedthelevelatwhichyouareunderstandingyourexperiencefromthepersonaltothetranspersonal.Onceyoureallygetit,thatanxietyisamanifestationofproximitytoGod,thenanyothermorepersonal
explanationsoftheexperience,whileretainingsomevalid-
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ityofcourse,willbeswallowedupbythedeepermeaning.
TheotherthingJungsayshereisthatGod'sterribledoubleaspectiscomposedofaseaofgracewhichismetbyaseethinglakeoffire.IfindithelpfultorepresentthatformulationintheabbreviatedformI'veindicatedontheblackboard:
SOGsignifies"seaofgrace,"LOFsignifies"lakeoffire"theyareallorientedaroundthecentralO,andwhenyourepresentitthatwayyouhavetwotrianglespointinginoppositedirections.You'vegotthe''seaofgrace"trianglepointingdownward,andthe"lakeoffire"trianglepointingupward.ThatcorrespondstothealchemicalemblemsthatI'veindicatedonthesidethedownwardpointingtriangleinalchemysignifieswater,andanupwardpointingtrianglesignifiesfire;andwhenyoucombinethetwointheparadoxicalunionoffireandwateryougetthatso-calledSolomon'sseal,orStarofDavid.
That'swhatwehaveherewhenwecombinetheseaofgracewiththelakeoffire.JungisreferringtothisastheGod-image,thenatureoftheGod-image.
Ifanyofyouhaveanydoubtsabouthowcloselyyouliverightonthebrinkofthelakeoffire,youcandemonstrateittoyourselfinonlyafewseconds.Justexhaleandcontinuetodosountilyoucan'tstanditanymore,andyouwillimmediatelybeplungedintothelakeoffire.That'sallittakesit'srightthereinyourphysiology.
ThenextitemistheWhoreofBabylon:
Andtherecameoneofthesevenangelswhichhadthesevenvials,andtalkedwithme,sayinguntome,Comehither,Iwillshewunto
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theethejudgmentofthegreatwhorethatsittethuponmanywaters:withwhomthekingsoftheearthhavecommittedfornication,andtheinhabitantsoftheearthhavebeenmadedrunkwiththewineofherfornication.Sohecarriedmeawayinthespiritintothewilderness:andIsawawomansituponascarlet-colouredbeast,fullofnamesofblasphemy,havingsevenheadsandtenhorns.Andthewomanwasarrayedinpurpleandscarletcolour,anddeckedwithgoldandpreciousstonesandpearls,havingagoldencupinherhandfullofabominationsandfilthinessofherfornication:Anduponherforeheadwasanamewritten,MYSTERY,BABYLONTHEGREAT,THEMOTHEROFHARLOTSANDABOMINATIONSOFTHEEARTH.AndIsawthewomandrunkenwiththebloodofthesaints,andwiththebloodofthemartyrsofJesus.99
Jungsaysinparagraph721thatthisGreatWhoreofBabylonis"thecounterpartoftheheavenlyJerusalem."TheheavenlyJerusalemisthegreatcitymandalafigurethatweencounterattheveryendofRevelation.TheGreatWhoreofBabylon,continuesJung,is
thechthonicequivalentofthesun-womanSophia,with,however,areversalinmoralcharacter.Iftheelectturnthemselvesinto"virgins"inhonouroftheGreatMotherSophia,agruesomefantasyoffornicationisspawnedintheunconsciousbywayofcompensation.
Whatwehavehereisthenegativeversionofthepersonificationofthecityarchetype.TheheavenlyJerusalemisthepositiveversionofthecityarchetype,andtheWhoreofBabylonisthenegativeversion.Itbringsupthewholerichsymbolismofthecity.ThecityisthesymbolicimageofthefeminineaspectoftheSelf.Babylonisitschthonicdarksecularversion,ascontrastedwithJerusalemwhichistheheavenly,spiritual,divineversion.
Aristotlesaidthatmanisapoliticalanimal.Hewasn'treferringtopoliticsasweusuallythinkofit,hewasreferringtothefactthatmanlivesinapolis,acity,andthatitischaracteristicofthehuman
conditiontoliveinthecity.Thatiswhytheveryword"civilization"hasasitsrootthewordthatmeans"city."Thecityisthemotherofitsinhabitants.Themetropolismeans,literally,the"mothercity,"sothatwhenyoureadthe"Metro''sectionoftheLosAngelesTimesyouare
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readingaboutthecityarchetypeinitslocalmanifestation.
IntheHebrewscripturesthetwogreatsymboliccitiesareBabylonandJerusalem.Jerusalemwastheholy,sacredcity,andBabylonwasthedespicable,secularcity,becauseitwasthecityofcaptivity.Itwasthecityofviceandluxury.ItwasthecitythatwashatedbytheJews.ItisallspelledoutinPsalm137,acaptivitypsalm:
BytheriversofBabylon,therewesatdown,yea,wewept,whenwerememberedZion[ZionmeansJerusalem].Wehangedourharpsuponthewillowsinthemidstthereof.Fortheretheyhadcarriedusawaycaptiverequiredofusasong;andtheythatwastedusrequiredofusmirth,saying,SingusoneofthesongsofZion.HowshallwesingtheLord'ssonginastrangeland?IfIforgetthee,OJerusalem,letmyrighthandforgethercunning....Raseit,raseit,eventothefoundationthereof.ODaughterofBabylon,whoarttobedestroyed;happyshallhebethatrewardeththeeasthouhastservedus.Happyshallhebe,thattakethanddasheththylittleonesagainstthestones.100
Babylon,fromthisperiodon,isthedespicablecitytobedestroyed,andinRevelationthatsamesymbolismwasappliedtoRome,whichwasthecitythatcontainedthewholecivilizedworldatthattime.JohncorrectlypredictedthefallofRome,althoughithappenedseveralcenturiesafterheexpectedit.Augustinewroteamassiveessayonthearchetypeofthecity,called"CityofGod,"wherehisbasicideaisthathistoryisdividedbytwocitiesformedbytwoalternativeloves:theearthlycity,createdbycreatures'loveofthemselves,andtheheavenlycitycreatedbytheloveofGod.Onegroupwantstoliveaftertheflesh,andtheotherafterthespirit;andAugustinespecificallycitestheheavenlyJerusalemasanexampleofthecityofGod,andBabylonasanexampleoftheearthlycity.Psychologicallywewouldunderstandtheearthlycitytorefertotheego,andtheheavenlycitytotheSelf.
ItisveryinterestingthatinspiteofthefactthattheemergingsplitChristianmentalityidentifiedwiththespiritandprofoundly
denigratedtheearthlycity,theWhoreofBabylonwasneverthelessrepresentedasholdingthegoldencup,theimageofsupremevalue.You
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mayrememberfromourseminaronMysteriumConiunctionisthatthissameimagecomesupinRipley'sCantilena,wherethepregnantqueendrinksthebloodofthegreenlionoutofthegoldencupofBabylon.AlchemyhashereassimilatedthegoldencupofBabylon,pluckeditrightoutofRevelationandputitintoanalchemicalcontext.ThegoldencupinthehandsoftheWhoreindicatesthatsheiscarryingthesymbolismoftheSelfdespitetheauthor'sobviousintentiontodenigrateher.
InchaptersnineteenandtwentyofRevelationwereadaboutafinalbattle,andthenaResurrectionoftheDead,andtheLastJudgmentbeingmetedout,andareferencetotheBookofLife.Thisideaofresurrectionwouldsuggestthatallrepressedcontentsofthecollectivepsychearetobebroughtintoviewandaccountedfor.Itistheideathatsoonerorlatertheindividualhastotakeresponsibilityforallrepressedcontents.Youdonotgetawaywithanything,inthelongrun.Ithinkallourpsychologicaldataverifythatfact.Intheshortrun,yes,butinthelongrun,no.Thereisabookoflifethatpeoplearemeasuredby.Wefindthatinchaptertwenty:
AndIsawthedead,smallandgreat,standbeforeGod[thesearethedeadthathavebeenresurrected];andthebookswereopened;andanotherbookwasopened,whichisthebookoflife:andthedeadwerejudgedoutofthosethingswhichwerewritteninthebooks,accordingtotheirworks....Andwhosoeverwasnotfoundwritteninthebookoflifewascastintothelakeoffire.101
ThissameimagecomesupinaslightlydifferentcontextinthetenthchapterofLuke,whereChristsaystohisdisciples:
Rejoicenot,thatthespiritsaresubjectuntoyou;butratherrejoice,becauseyournamesarewritteninheaven.102
That'sanotherreferencetohavingyournamewritteninthebookoflife.Thisimageofthe''bigbook"comesupindreamseverynowand
then,andwhenyoucomeacrossityoucanthinkofthisparticularpassageinRevelation.Iunderstandtheimageaspicturingone'sdefinitiverelationtotheSelf.
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Sofaraswecanperceive,sofarasourexperiencegoes,thereisnoautomaticguaranteeatallthatifonelivesalifeincontinualviolationoftherealitiesoftheSelfonewilleventuallybeforgiven.Thereisn'tanyevidenceofthatatall.Thewholequestionof"Arethereindeeddammedsouls?"canbeputpsychologically:"IsitpossibletobepermanentlybanishedbytheSelfbecauseofanegolifesoegregiouslyinviolationoftheSelfthatithasbecomeunredeemable?"Wecannotanswerthatquestioninanyfinalsense,butitismyimpressionthatindeedtherearesuchthingsasdamnedsouls.
AttheendoftheBookofRevelationwearepresentedwiththegrandimageoftheheavenlyJerusalemdescendingfromheaven,startingwiththetwenty-firstchapter,verse10:
Andhecarriedmeawayinthespirittoagreatandhighmountain,andshewedmethatgreatcity,theholyJerusalem,descendingoutofheavenfromGod,Andherlightwaslike...ajasperstone,clearascrystal.Thewallhadtwelvegates.Ontheeastthreegates,onthenorththreegates,onthesouththreegates,onthewestthreegates[itisagreatmandalaimage].Anditwasfoursquare,12,000furlongsineachdirection.Anditwasmadeofjasperandpuregold,allmannerofpreciousstones,sapphire,calcedon,emerald,sardonyx,etc.Andtwelvegatesweretwelvepearls[wherewegettheideaofthe"pearlygatestoheaven].Thestreetsofthecitywerepuregold.Andtherewasnotemplethere,fortheLordGodAlmighty...[is]thetempleofit.103
Andthenstartingwiththetwenty-secondchapter:
ApureriverofthewateroflifeproceededoutofthethroneofGod,andflowedthroughthecity.Thetreeoflifewasbloomingonit.104
ThenRevelationgoesontospeakofthemarriageoftheLambwiththeheavenlyJerusalem.
AfterdescribingthedescentoftheheavenlyJerusaleminjustthisway,JunggoesontocompareitwiththevisionofEzekielandin
paragraph727refersto
afourfoldsynthesisofunconsciousluminosities...ofwhichthedescriptionoftheheavenlycityremindsus:everythingsparkleswith
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preciousgems,crystal,andglass,incompleteaccordancewithEzekiel'svisionofGod.AndjustasthehierosgamosunitesYahwehwithSophia...thusrestoringtheoriginalpleromaticstate,sotheparalleldescriptionofGodandcitypointstotheircommonnature:theyareoriginallyone,asinglehermaphroditicbeing,anarchetypeofthegreatestuniversality.
SowhatwehaveherethenisthefinalconiunctioimageinwhichtheHeavenlyCityismarriedtotheSacredLamb.Thatisthefinalconiunctio,andthatparticularimagerythenshowsupinJung'sgrandconiunctiovisionwhichhedescribesinMemories,Dreams,Reflections.105
ThenextitemisaremarkJungmakesinparagraph716inwhichhearticulatesanimportantoperativeprinciple:
Asatotality,theselfisbydefinitionalwaysacomplexiooppositorum,andthemoreconsciousnessinsistsonitsownluminousnatureandlaysclaimtomoralauthority,themoretheselfwillappearassomethingdarkandmenacing.
IntheBookofRevelationtheSelfappearsassomethingprofoundlydarkandmenacing,andwegetsmallversionsofthisscenarioindreamsallthetimethreateningdreams.IthinkwecansaythatthreateningdreamsregularlyhaveatleastafaintreferencetoRevelationimagery.Inanalyzingsuchadreamthefirstthingthatonehastodetermineisthenatureoftheconsciousattitudethatisconstellatingadarkandmenacingresponsefromtheunconscious.Jungoffersusguidancehere,saying:
Themoreconsciousnessinsistsonitsownluminousnatureandlaysclaimtomoralauthority[i.e.,themoreitisconvincedofitsrightness],themoretheselfwillappearassomethingdarkandmenacing.
Anotheritem:YouwillhavenoticedthatJunggivesJohnadoubleinterpretation.First,inparagraph708,talkingabouttheBookofRevelationhewrites:
WenolongerrecognizethemeekLambwholetshimselfbeledunresistinglytotheslaughter;thereisonlytheaggressiveandirascibleramwhoseragecanatlastbevented.InallthisIseelessameta-
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physicalmysterythantheoutburstoflongpent-upnegativefeelingssuchascanfrequentlybeobservedinpeoplewhostriveforperfection.
HereJungisgivingusapersonalisticinterpretationoftheragefulstateofaffairsintheBookofRevelation.Butthenweturntoparagraph717andhehaschangedhistune:
ButJohn'sproblemwasnotapersonalone.Itwasnotaquestionofhispersonalunconsciousorofanoutburstofillhumour,butofvisionswhichcameupfromafargreaterandmorecomprehensivedepth,namelyfromthecollectiveunconscious.Hisproblemexpressesitselffartoomuchincollectiveandarchetypalformsforustoreduceittoamerelypersonalsituation.Todosowouldbealtogethertooeasyaswellasbeingwrongintheoryandpractice....TheeyeofJohnpenetratesintothedistantfutureoftheChristianaeonandintothedarkabyssofthoseforceswhichhisChristianitykeptinequilibrium.Whatburstuponhimisthestormofthetimes,thepremonitionofatremendousenantiodromia.
Howarewetounderstandthisapparentreversal?Thisisn'ttheonlyoccasiononwhichJungcanbeaccusedofbeinginconsistent.Youcanalmostsayheisconsistentlyinconsistent,andthatisbecauseheisalwayskeenlyawareoftheoperationoftheopposites.Boththepersonalandthearchetypalareappropriate,andwhichoneistobeemphasizedinagivensituationoftendependsonclinicaljudgment.Butcertainlywheneveronehasdreammaterialthathasclearcollectiveimagery(asintheBookofRevelation),weareinformedimmediatelythattheissueismorethanapersonalone.Thatdoesn'tmeanitisnotpersonalatall,itjustmeansitismorethanapersonalissue.
Butinorderforanyonetotuneintoanarchetypalorcollectiveissue,onehastohaveatleastasmatteringofthesamematerialinhispersonalpsychologyinordertoopenthegate.Thatisusuallyeasyenoughsinceweareindividuallymembersofthecollectivepsychiccircumstancethatsurroundsus,thereforeitsissuesarealsogoingto
penetrateuspersonallytoagreaterorlesserextent.ButthepointisthatbothofJung'sinterpretationsofJohn,thepersonalandthecollective,areright.AndinstudyingthismaterialwecanseejusthowJungmightproceedwithadreaminterpretation.He'dstartoutexam-
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iningthepersonaldimensionofthesymbolism,andthen,perceivingthattheimagerywasnotadequatelyexplainedonthatlevel,hewouldgoontothearchetypalinterpretation.
Paragraph738:
TheparadoxicalnatureofGodhasalikeeffectonman:ittearshimasunderintooppositesanddelivershimovertoaseeminglyinsolubleconflict.Whathappensinsuchacondition?...Thereare,forexample,conflictsofdutynooneknowshowtosolve.Consciousnessonlyknows:tertiumnondatur![Athirdisnotgiven.]Thedoctorthereforeadviseshispatienttowaitandseewhethertheunconsciouswillnotproduceadreamwhichproposesanirrationalandthereforeunexpectedthirdthingasasolution.Asexperienceshows,symbolsofareconcilingandunitivenaturedoinfactturnupindreams...signifyingtheunionofopposites.
AsIsaidearlier,thesymptomofanxietyisamanifestationofproximitytoGod.Jungisnowaddingtothatpropositionanother:thatastateofconflictisasymptomofproximitytoGod.ConflictmeansthatoneisinthevicinityoftheparadoxicalGodnature,andthatproximityhastheeffectoftearingoneasunderintoopposites.Whenthathappenstheprescriptionistowaitendureandwaitforthethird.
Thesameissueiscontinuedinparagraph739:
TheoppositionbetweenGodandmanintheChristianviewmaywellbeaYahwisticlegacyfromoldentimes,whenthemetaphysicalproblemconsistedsolelyinYahweh'srelationswithhispeople.ThefearofYahwehwasstilltoogreatforanybodytodaredespiteJob'sgnosistolodgetheantinomyinDeityitself.ButifyoukeeptheoppositionbetweenGodandman,thenyoufinallyarrive,whetheryoulikeitornot,attheChristianconclusion,"omnebonumaDeo,omnemalumabhomine"[allgoodfromGod,allbadfromman],withtheabsurdresultthatthecreatureisplacedinoppositiontoitscreatorandapositivelycosmicordaemonicgrandeurinevilisimputedtoman.
Here'sanotherveryimportantJungianprinciple,thattheopposites
resideintheGod-image.Thatmeansgoodandevil,aswellastheotheropposites,areattributesoftheGod-imageitself.Iftheegofallsintoanidentificationwitheitheroneofapairofopposites,itisthen
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onitswaytotheabsurdresultthatJungalludesto.Itiseasyenoughtostatethisprinciple,butitisnotsoeasytointegrateandapplyinactualpsychologicallife,becausetheearlydevelopmentoftheegoisbasedontakingresponsibilityforeverythingthatgoesoninthepsyche.SoitrequiresarevolutionarychangeinattitudetoposittheoppositesasresidingintheGod-imageratherthanintheego.
Paragraph740containsaveryimportantstatement,awonderfulstatement:
Yahweh'sdecisiontobecomemanisasymbolofthedevelopmentthathadtosupervenewhenmanbecomesconsciousofthesortofGod-imageheisconfrontedwith.Godactsoutoftheunconsciousofmanandforceshimtoharmonizeandunitetheopposinginfluencestowhichhismindisexposedfromtheunconscious.Theunconsciouswantsboth:todivideandtounite.Inhisstrivingforunity,therefore,manmayalwayscountonthehelpofametaphysicaladvocate,asJobclearlyrecognized.Theunconsciouswantstoflowintoconsciousnessinordertoreachthelight,butatthesametimeitcontinuallythwartsitself,becauseitwouldratherremainunconscious.[Becauseitiscomposedofopposites,thatiswhyitdoesthesecontradictorythings.]Thatistosay,Godwantstobecomeman,butnotquite.
Andfromparagraph746:
Theonlythingthatreallymattersnowiswhethermancanclimbuptoahighermorallevel,toahigherplaneofconsciousness,inordertobeequaltothesuperhumanpowerswhichthefallenangelshave[passed]intohishands.106
Andthenfinally,attheendofparagraph747,themistherepregnantstatement:
Sincehehasbeengrantedanalmostgodlikepower,hecannolongerremainblindandunconscious.HemustknowsomethingofGod'snatureandofmetaphysicalprocessesifheistounderstandhimselfandtherebyachievegnosisoftheDivine.
InpracticaltermsItakethistomeanthatwheneverwearepre-
106Thetexthas"played,"butIthink"passed"isabettertranslationthefallenangelshavehandedthemover.
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sentedwitharchetypaldreamsitisnearlyalwaysourobligationtobringintheso-calledmetaphysicaldimensionoftheindividual'sexistence,becausethedreamsareaskingforthatleveltobeincluded.Archetypaldreamsareexamplesofthefallenangelspassingonthisdivineknowledgetotheego,anditisimportantthattheegopickuponwhatisbeingpassedontoit,andnotturnaway.
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12Paragraphs748758,AssumptionofMaryandSummaryThechieftopictonightconcernsthenewdogmaoftheAssumptionoftheVirginMary.InNovemberof1950PopePiusXIIproclaimedasdogmathebodilyassumptionoftheVirginMaryintoheaven.NowthisimageandideahadbeenprominentintheChurchforalmostathousandyears.TherehasbeenafeastdayoftheAssumptionoftheVirgin,whichisheldonAugust15ofeachyear.ThisimageoftheAssumptionandCoronationoftheVirginintoheavenisamajorimageinmedievalChristianart,sotheimagehasbeenaroundforalongtime.What'snewisthatithasbeendogmatized.
Here'swhatthearthistorianJamesHallsaysaboutit:
FormanycenturiescelebratedasaChurchfestival,theAssumptionwasin1950declaredanarticleoffaithbyPiusXII.Thereisnoscripturalfoundationforthebeliefwhichrestsontheapocryphalliteratureofthe3rdand4thcents.,andontheTraditionoftheCatholicChurch.ItformsthecontinuationofthenarrativeoftheDEATHOFTHEVIRGIN.The13thcent.,aperiodwhenthecultoftheVirginwasardentlyfostered,sawtheappearanceoftheGoldenLegend,apopularsource-bookforartists,inwhichtheapocryphalstorywasretold.[Accordingtothisstory]AstheapostlesweresittingbytheVirgin'stombonthethirdday,[aftershehadbeenburiedforthreedays]ChristappearedtothemalongwithSt.MichaelwhobroughtwithhimtheVirgin'ssoul."AndanonthesoulcameagaintothebodyofMary[which]issuedgloriouslyoutofthetomb,andthuswasreceivedintheheavenlychamber[with]agreatcompanyofangelswithher."107
AcorrespondingimageisthatoftheCoronationoftheVirgin.InthisimagetheVirginMaryisshownasalreadyhavingarrivedinheaven,andChristisintheactofplacingacrownonherhead.
IwanttoreadyouaportionoftheproclamationofPopePiusXII
107JamesHall,DictionaryofSubjectsandSymbolsinArt,p.34.
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togiveyoutheflavorofthis.JungconsideredthedogmaoftheAssumptionofMarytobe''themostimportantreligiouseventsincetheReformation."108It'sanastonishingremark.TheproclamationofPopePiusXIIisalengthydocumentinwhichtheancientsourcesareextensivelyquoted.WhatIamgoingtoreadyouisonlyasmallportionofit.ThebookonChurchteachingsthatI'mquotingfromintroducesitwiththisstatement:
OnNovember1,1950,PopePiusXIIdefinedtheAssumptionoftheBlessedVirginintoheavenasadogmaoffaith,leavingthedisputeaboutwhetherornotMarydiedanopenquestion.ThePoperespondedtothepetitionsofthebishopsandthepriestsandthefaithfulbygivinghonortotheBlessedVirginwiththissolemndefinition.TheAssumptionoftheBlessedVirgin,bodyandsoul,intoheavenisanotherofthegreatprivilegesconcededtoherbyGodforconsentingtobeHismother.109
Andhereisthequotefromtheproclamationofthedogma:
TheUniversalChurchinwhichtheSpiritofTruthdwells[rememberthatI'vealreadyspokenofhowtheChurchhastakenovertheHolyGhostasitsown,andherethat'sexplicitlystated;theSpiritofTruthisasynonymfortheHolyGhost],andwhichheinfalliblyguidestoperfectknowledgeofrevealedtruths,hasshownitsfaithmanytimesinthecourseofthecenturies.BishopsfromallovertheworldwithalmostperfectunanimityhavepetitionedthatthetruthofthecorporealAssumptionoftheBlessedVirginMaryintoheavenbedefinedasdogmaofthedivineCatholicfaith.Thetruthofthisdogmaisbasedonsacredscriptureandisdeeplyrootedintheheartsofthefaithful.itissanctionedbytheworshipoftheChurchinthemostancienttimes.Itiscompletelyconsonantwithallotherrevealedtruths.Ithasbeenexplainedandproclaimedbythestudy,theknowledgeandwisdomoftheologians.Inconsiderationofallthesereasons,WejudgethatinGod'sprovidencethetimehascometoproclaimsolemnlythiswonderfulprivilegeoftheVirginMary....
Wetherefore,afterhumblyandrepeatedlyprayingtoGod,andcallinguponthelightoftheSpiritofTruth,thegloryofalmightyGod,whohas
showngreatandparticularlovefortheVirginMary,
108"AnswertoJob,"PsychologyandReligion,CW11,par.752.109JesuitFathersofSt.Mary'sCollege(St.Mary's,Kansas),TheChurchTeaches:DocumentsoftheChurchinEnglishTranslation,p.212.
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forthehonorofhisSon,thekingofimmortalagesandtheconquerorofsinanddeath,fortheincreaseofthegloryofhisgreatmother,forthejoyandexaltationofthewholeChurch,bytheauthorityofourLordJesusChrist,oftheblessedapostlesPeterandPaul,andbyOurownauthority,dopronounce,declareanddefineasadivinelyrevealeddogma:TheImmaculateMotherofGod,MaryeverVirgin,afterherlifeonearth,wasassumed,bodyandsoul,tothegloryofheaven.110
That'stheproclamationJungconsidersthemostimportantreligiouseventsincetheReformation.HediscussesthismatterfurtherinMysteriumConiunctionis,wherehepointsoutthattheAssumptionofMaryintoheavenchangestheTrinityintoaquaternity:
TheChristianTrinityisabletomaintainitselfassuchonlybyeliminatingthefourthprotagonistofthedivinedrama.Ifhewereincludedtherewouldbe,notaTrinity,butaChristianQuaternity.Foralongtimetherehadbeenapsychologicalneedforthis,asevidentfromthemedievalpicturesoftheAssumptionandCoronationoftheVirgin....TherecentpromulgationofthedogmaoftheAssumptionemphasizesthetakingupnotonlyofthesoulbutofthebodyofMaryintotheTrinity,thusmakingadogmaticrealityofthosemedievalrepresentationsofthequaternitywhichareconstructedonthefollowingpattern:111
TheabovepatternisaquaternityembodyingthetermsChrist,HolyGhostandGodtheFather,whichistheTrinity,withthefourthaddedterm,Mary.
110Ibid.,p.213.111MysteriumConiunctionis,CW14,par.237;seealsoEdinger,The
ChristianArchetype,p.134.
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Nowitisveryinterestinghow,aswithsomanyofthesereligiousandmetaphysicalimages,alchemyhaspickeduptheimageoftheAssumptionandappliedittothealchemicalopus.ThereareanumberofalchemicalpictureswhichdepicttheAssumptionandCoronationoftheVirginMaryasapartofthealchemicalprocedure.Alchemyfunctionsasanintermediarybetweenthereligiouscontextoftheimageryanditsmodernpsychologicalcontext.Alchemyservesthefunctionofpluckingtheimageoutofitsreligiouscontextanddepositingitinthealchemicalcontextthecontextofworkinginthelaboratory.AndthenJungcamealongandpluckedtheimagesofalchemyoutoftheiralchemicalcontextandplacedthemsquarelyintothepsyche.Butwereallyneedthatintermediateoperationbecauseitdemonstratesthatitisthepsycheitselfwhichistakingtheimagesoutofthereligiouscontext,anditdemonstratesthatthehumanegoisn'tdoingitarbitrarily.Ithasalreadybeendoneforusbythepsyche.
Ihaveplacedontheboardaremarkableexampleofsuchanalchemicalpicture(nextpage).ItisreproducedfromReusner'sPandora.ItalkaboutthispictureinTheChristianArchetypebecauseitisjustamarvelousexampleofhowthealchemicalprocesshasbeensuperimposedonthemetaphysicalimage.112
Thepicturehasanupperlevelandalowerlevel.OntheupperlevelMaryhasjustarrivedinheavenandbeencrowned.GodtheFatherisononesideofherandGodtheSonisontheotherside,withGodtheHolyGhostrepresentedasadoveaboveher.WithherarrivalinheaventheTrinityhasbeenturnedintoaquaternity.Atthelowerlevelahunkofamorphousmatterispictured,andastrange,bizarrecreatureisbeingpulledoutofthatlump.JungdescribesthepictureastheextractionofMercuriusfromtheprimamateria:
Theextractedspiritappearsinmonstrousform...thearmsaresnakesandthelowerhalfofthebodyresemblesastylizedfish'stail....Thisis
withoutdoubttheanimamundiwhohasbeenfreedfromtheshacklesofmatter,thefiliusmacrocosmi...who,becauseofhisdoublenature,isnotonlyspiritualandphysicalbutunitesinhimselfthemorallyhighestandlowest.113
112TheChristianArchetype,p.135.SeealsoPsychologyandAlchemy,CW12,fig.232.113MysteriumConiunctionis,CW14,par.238.
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CoronationoftheVirginandtheExtractionofMercurius(fromReusner'sPandora,1588)
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ThisisanastonishingimagetobesuperimposeduponthecelestialphenomenonofMarybeingwelcomedintoheavenafreakishcreatureasanembodimentofthespiritMercuriusbeingpulledoutofcrudematter.
Here'swhatJungsaysabouttheAssumptioninparagraph748:
Thenuptialunion[betweentheTrinityandMary]inthethalamus(bridal-chamber)signifiesthehierosgamos,andthisinturnisthefirststeptowardsincarnation,towardsthebirthofthesaviourwho,sinceantiquity,wasthoughtofasthefiliussolisetlunae,thefiliussapientiae,andtheequivalentofChrist.When,therefore,alongingfortheexaltationoftheMotherofGodpassesthroughthepeople,thistendency,ifthoughttoitslogicalconclusion,meansthedesireforthebirthofasaviour,apeacemaker,a''mediatorpacemfaciensinterinimicos"[mediatormakingpeacebetweenenemies].Althoughheisalreadyborninthepleroma,hisbirthintimecanonlybeaccomplishedwhenitisperceived,recognized,anddeclaredbyman.
WhatJungisheretellingusisthatthebirthofthesaviorwhichfollowsthehierosgamoscorrespondstotheextractionofMercuriusfromthelumpoftheprimamateria.That'sthesaviorbirthasitappearsalchemically.
Thenagain,inparagraph755:
ThedogmatizationoftheAssumptioMariaepointstothehierosgamosinthepleroma,andthisinturnimplies,aswehavesaid,thefuturebirthofthedivinechildwho,inaccordancewiththedivinetrendtowardsincarnation,willchooseashisbirthplacetheempiricalman.
SothatamorphouslumpfromwhichMercuriusisbeingextractedistheempiricalman,theempiricalyouandI,empiricalmanandwoman.Jungcontinuesinparagraph755:
Themetaphysicalprocessisknowntothepsychologyoftheunconsciousastheindividuationprocess.
ThereasonJungcangrantsuchsuperlativeimportancetothedogmaoftheAssumptionisbecauseherecognizesthatpromulgationofthedogmaoftheAssumptionoccurssynchronisticallysimultaneouslywithhisdiscoveryandelaborationoftheconiunctiobecauseithappensthatthatdogmawasproclaimedin1950inthemid-
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dleofthesamedecadeinwhichJungspelledoutthepsychologyoftheconiunctioinhistwoworks,PsychologyoftheTransference,firstpublishedin1946,andMysteriumConiunctionis,firstpublishedin1955.ThedogmaoftheAssumptionsynchronisticallycoincideswiththediscoveryoftheconiunctio.
ThisannouncementoftheAssumptionofMarybodilyintoheavenisthelatesteventintheprocessofthetransformationoftheGod-image.TheGod-imagehasnowbeentransformedfromaTrinityintoaquaternity.Withtheadditionofthefeminineandcorporealaspectsofexistence,togetherwithallthedarkqualitiesthatbelongtoflesh,theGod-imagenowhasbeencompletedsothatitcontainsthecompleterangeofoppositesmale/female,spirit/earth,good/evil.
Summary
WithourremainingtimeI'dliketoreviewthebookwe'vebeenthrough,toremindyouofitsbasiccontent.InthefirstsentenceofAnswertoJobyourememberthatJungspeaksofthelonghistoricaldevelopmentorevolutionaryprocessofthedivinedrama.Iemphasizedthatphrase,"divinedrama."Thissentencestrikesthekeynotefortheentirebook,becauseAnswertoJoblaysbeforeusagrandpanoramaoftheevolutionoftheGod-imageasithastakenplaceintheWesternpsyche.Letmeremindyouofwhatthestageshavebeen.
WefirsttakeuptheGod-imageinthepolymorphousconfusionofearlyGreekpantheismwhichgraduallyunifiedlooselyunderthehegemonyofZeus.Theotherdeities,however,werepermittedconsiderableautonomy,sothatperpetualconflictsandargumentstookplaceinthedivinerealm.Inaddition,Zeuswasnotparticularlyinterestedinhumanbeings.Hehadnoneedforthem.Neverthelesshumanbeingswereforcedtoenduretheconflictsofthegods,who
wereperpetuallyinterferingwithhumanaffairsonearth.Theyhadtoputupwithbeingvictimizedbythesewarringgodswithoutthecompensationofredemptivemeaningtoexplainwhatwasgoingon.Thatmeansthenthatlifeinantiquitywasessentiallytragic,justbyitsnature.
ButtheGod-imageunderwentaradicaltransformationwiththearrivalofYahwehasthetribalgodofasmallbandofSemiticherds-
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men.Yahwehneededmaninordertorealizehimself,andhethereforemadeacontractwithIsraeltobetheironeGod,andthusmonotheismwasborn.VeryshortlyafterwardYahwehrevealedthathewasnotjustatribalgod,buttheuniversalCreatorGodwhosescopeincludedthewholeuniverse.Yahwehwasamixtureofopposites:hewasbothlovingandwrathful,creativeanddestructive.Attimeshewasprofoundlykindandmerciful,andothertimeshewouldfallintotantrumsofdestructiverage.Andalwayshedemandedpraiseandgloryforhimself,andherequiredconstantbloodyanimalsacrificestopropitiatehim.
ThenextmajortransformationoccurredfollowingJob'sencounterwithYahweh.Byholdingtohisintegrity,hisconsciousness,JobwasgrantedaglimpseofYahweh'sbacksidetheabysmalworldofshards;andhecametorealizethatYahwehwasaphenomenonandnotaman.AtthispointhumanegoconsciousnesssurpassedGod'sconsciousness,andinordertocatchupYahwehwasobligedtorectifyhiscrimeagainstmanbybecomingmanhimself,byincarnating.AndsoChristthesonofYahwehwasbornthegoodson.Hislifeperformedadoublefunction:
1)HepreachedanewimageofGod,namelythatofalovingfatherinwhomthereisnodarkness.
2)AstheincarnatedYahwehwhohadwrongedJob,hesubmittedhimselftopunishmentforthatcrime,andasJungtellsus:
Asaconsequencethesacrificewasaself-destructionoftheamoralGod,incarnatedinamortalbody.Thusthesacrificetakesontheaspectofahighlymoraldeed,ofaself-punishment,asitwere.114
AtthesametimethatChristthegoodsonofYahwehwasborn,however,Satantheevilsonwascastoutofheaven,sothatadecisiveseparatiotookplaceintheGod-image,withthedarkevilaspectbeing
splitoffandrepressed.However,theBookofRevelationpredictsthatattheendoftheaeontherewillbeareturnoftherepressedthroughenantiodromiaandwewillthenbedealingwiththeoppositeofthegoodson.
ThenintheearlyChristiancenturiesthedoctrineofGodastheTrinitywaselaborated.Femininitywasnotvisible,thoughtracesof
114Letters,vol.2,p.313;seealsoabove,p.95.
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itmaybefoundintheandrogynyofChristandalsointheconnectionsthattheHolyGhostretainssymbolicallywithAphrodite.Notablytheysharetheimageofthedove.
FinallyintheChristianaeon,inaccordancewiththeenantiodromiaIjustreferredto,theGod-imageundergoesanothermassivetransformationwhichisindicatedbytheimageoftheAssumptionofMaryintoheaven.NowtheTrinitariangodhasbecomeaquaternity,andfleshlyhumanity,withallofitsdarknessandambiguity,hasbecomepartofthetotality.Thisindicatesasecondhierosgamosinthepleroma,tobefollowedbyafurtherincarnation,thistimeinsinfulman,whichwillbringaboutthe"Christificationofmany"[par.758],whichJungsaysisknownpsychologicallyasindividuation.
InthelastfewminutesIwouldliketogivethefinalwordstoJung.I'veculledoutafewquotations,sequentially,toremindyouofthecontentofAnswertoJob.
Igrieveforyoumybrother.[Epigraph,modified]
InwhatfollowsIshallspeakofthevenerableobjectsofreligiousbelief.Whoevertalksofsuchmattersinevitablyrunstheriskofbeingtorntopiecesbythetwopartieswhoareinmortalconflictaboutthoseverythings.[par.553]
"Physical"isnottheonlycriterionoftruth:therearealsopsychictruths.[par.553]
ThestatementsmadeintheHolyScripturesarealsoutterancesofthesoul.[par.557]
TheBookofJobservesasaparadigmforacertainexperienceofGodwhichhasaveryspecialsignificanceforourtime.[par.562,modified]
Existenceisonlyrealwhenitisconscioustosomebody.ThatiswhytheCreatorneedsconsciousman.[par.575]
Becauseofhislittleness,puniness,anddefenselessnessagainsttheAlmighty[man]possesses...asomewhatkeenerconsciousnessbasedonself-reflection.[par.579]
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JobisnomorethantheoutwardoccasionforaninwardprocessofdialecticinGod.[par.587]
Jobischallengedasthoughhehimselfwereagod.[par.594]
Mortalmanisraisedbyhismoralbehaviourabovethestarsinheaven,fromwhichpositionofadvantagehecanbeholdthebackofYahweh,theabysmalworldof"shards."[par.595]
Thenaiveassumptionthatthecreatoroftheworldisaconsciousbeingmustberegardedasadisastrousprejudice.[par.600,n.13]
WhoeverknowsGodhasaneffectonhim.ThefailureoftheattempttocorruptJobhaschangedYahweh'snature.[par.617]
YahwehhadlostsightofhispleromaticcoexistencewithSophia.[par.620]
Wisdomrevealsherselftomenasafriendlyhelperandadvocate.[par.623]
Goddesirestoregeneratehimselfinthemysteryoftheheavenlynuptials.[par.624]
[WhenGodbecomesman]itmeansnothinglessthanaworld-shakingtransformationofGod.[par.631]
GodisRealityitselfandthereforelastbutnotleastman.Thisrealizationisamillennialprocess.[par.631]
Yahwehmustbecomemanpreciselybecausehehasdonemanawrong.[par.640]
AsaresultofthepartialneutralizationofSatan,YahwehidentifieswithhislightaspectandbecomesthegoodGod.[par.651]
Theattempttosecureanabsoluteandfinalvictoryforgoodisboundtoleadtoadangerousaccumulationofevilandhencetocatastrophe.[par.653]
Thecontinuing,directoperationoftheHolyGhostonthosewhoarecalled
tobeGod'schildrenimplies...abroadeningprocessofincarnation.[par.658]
AlloppositesareofGod,thereforemanmustbendtothisburden;andinsodoinghefindsthatGodinhis"oppositeness"hastaken
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possessionofhim,incarnatedhimselfinhim.Hebecomesavesselfilledwithdivineconflict.[par.659]
TheimagoDeipervadesthewholehumansphereandisinvoluntarilyrepresentedbymankind.[par.660,modified]
[Ezekiel's]firstgreatvisionismadeupoftwowell-orderedcompoundquaternities...[andtheirquintessence]isrepresentedbyafigurewhichhas"thelikenessofahumanform."[par.665]
Ezekielgrasped,inasymbol,thefactthatYahwehwasdrawingclosertoman.[par.667]
Theencounterwiththecreaturechangesthecreator....ThetwomainclimaxesareformedfirstlybytheJobtragedy,andsecondlybyEzekiel'srevelation.[par.686]
[TheParaclete,orHolyGhost(theSpiritofTruthandWisdom)]fromnowonshallmakehisabodeincreaturelyman.SinceheistheThirdPersonoftheDeity,thisisasmuchastosaythatGodwillbebegottenincreaturelyman.[par.692]
ThefutureindwellingoftheHolyGhostinmanamountstoacontinuingincarnationofGod.[par.693]
[Inthesun-moonwomanepisodeinRevelation]theman-childis"caughtup"toGod....Thiswouldseemtoindicatethatthechild-figurewillremainlatentforanindefinitetimeandthatitsactivityisreservedforthefuture.[Thefutureisnow.][par.713]
John'sproblemwasnotapersonalone....Whatburstuponhimisthestormofthetimes,premonitionofatremendousenantiodromia.[par.717]
Godhasaterribledoubleaspect:aseaofgraceismetbyaseethinglakeoffire,andthelightofloveglowswithafiercedarkheat...itburnsbutgivesnolight.Thatistheeternal,asdistinctfromthetemporal,gospel:onecanloveGodbutmustfearhim.[par.733]
Godactsoutoftheunconsciousofmanandforceshimtoharmonizeandunitetheopposinginfluencestowhichhismindisexposedfromthe
unconscious.Theunconsciouswantsboth:todivideandtounite....Godwantstobecomeman,butnotquite.[par.740]
Everythingnowdependsonman.[par.745]
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SincetheapocalypsewenowknowagainthatGodisnotonlytobelovedbutalsotobefeared.Hefillsuswithevilaswellaswithgood,otherwisehewouldnotneedtobefeared;andbecausehewantstobecomeman,theunitingofhisantinomymusttakeplaceinman....[Man]cannolongerremainblindandunconscious.HemustknowsomethingofGod'snatureandofmetaphysicalprocessesifheistounderstandhimselfandtherebyachievegnosisoftheDivine.[par.747]
ThedogmaoftheAssumption[oftheVirginMary]...IconsidertobethemostimportantreligiouseventsincetheReformation.[par.752]
ThedogmatizationoftheAssumptioMariaepointstothehierosgamosinthepleroma,andthisinturnimplies...thefuturebirthofthedivinechild,who,inaccordancewiththedivinetrendtowardsincarnation,willchooseashisbirthplacetheempiricalman.Themetaphysicalprocessisknowntothepsychologyoftheunconsciousastheindividuationprocess.[par.755]
TheindwellingoftheHolyGhost,thethirdDivinePerson,inman,bringsaboutaChristificationofmany....[InordertoavoidinflationinsuchasituationonemustrememberthethorninthefleshofSt.Paul.]Thatistosay,eventheenlightenedpersonremainswhatheis,andisnevermorethanhisownlimitedegobeforetheOnewhodwellswithinhim,whoseformhasnoknowableboundaries,whoencompasseshimonallsides,fathomlessastheabysmsoftheearthandvastasthesky.[par.758]
AndwiththatremarkJungendsAnswertoJobandIendthiscourse.
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Index
A
Abel,61,65
activeimagination,34,77
Adam,61,65
affect,35-37
Aion,11,18,21-22,65,83
alchemy,21-22,56,71-72,81,90,114,117,127
amplification,107-110
analysis,practiceof,31,36,61,65-67,77,80,93,98-99,119-120
AnatomyofthePsyche,The,74,104,109
AncientofDays,84
angels,74-75,85-86,106,113,122-123
anima,30,57,60,62
animamundi,127
animalsacrifice,94,131
animism,32-33
animus,57,60
AnswertoJob:genesisof,11,17-19,21-22,65
importancetoJung,20-21
meaningoftitle,19
Anthropos,90
Antichrist,11-12,21-22
antinomy,37,40,49,121
anxiety,113-114,121
Aphrodite,132
Apocalypse,132
apocalypticimagery,100-103
Apocrypha,54-55
archetypes/archetypalimag(es),28-31,53,56,62,66,68-69,77,81,87,89-90,95,98100,106-110,115,120
archetypusmundus,56
AssumptionofVirginMary,124-130,132
atheism,92-93
Augustine,116
AuroraConsurgens,56
auseinandersetzung,89
autism,43
AxiomofMaria,85
B
Babylon,100,114-117
Behemoth,86
Blake,William,36
bookoflife,117-118
C
Cabala,50-51
Cain,61
cancerphobia,13-14
Cantilena,117
catastrophe,reactionto,40-41
cathedra,107
chairarchetype,107
child:divine,127
spoiled,45
Chochma,53
chosenpeople,43-44,60
Christ,11-12,56,61,63,66-67,70,72-78,83,89,91,93-98,104-105,117,124-126,131-132
ChristianArchetype,The,127
Christianity,11-12,21-22,72,74-78,80,83,97-98,116-118,121,124,130-132
"Christificationofmany,"132
ChymicalWeddingofChristianRosencreutz,109
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cityarchetype,115-116
coagulatio,74,109-110
collectiveunconscious,12-14,28,35-37,53,64,68,71-72,80-82,100,120
compensation,47-48,63,66-67,98-99,115
completeness,66-67,111
complex(es),13-14,52,60
complexiooppositorum,22,119
conflict,25,70-71,80-81,121,130
coniunctio,49,109,112,119,129-130
consciousness:
birthof,32-33,58
andconflict,70-71
ofcontrasexualother,57
developmentof,45-50,58,61
effectonGod,61-64,73
andGod-image,11-12,19
transpersonaldimension,52
container,andcontained,58-59
continuingincarnation,77-78,96-97,112
CoronationoftheVirgin,124,127-128
covenant,39-40,60,131
CreationofConsciousness,The,42
creationists,33
creativity,69-70
creature,andcreator,92-93
credocontainment,92-93
crucifixion,70,91
D
damnedsouls,118
Daniel'svision,82,84,89,106
David,andJonathan,24-26
differentiation,82-85,88-89
Dionysos,70
discrimination,104-106
dismemberment,70
divinechild,127
divinedrama,32-34,49,57,69,91,130
dream(s):13,32,53,73,98-99,107
ofape-likeman,42-43
archetypal,123
ofbeingmarked,109
ofbookoflife,117
collectiveimageryin,120-121
compensatory,98-99
ofendoftheworld,100-103
ofgiants,87
ofpiedividedup,111
ofpieceofmoonfalling,109
reconcilingsymbolsin,121
ofterrorists,110
threatening,119
Dürer,Albrecht,104-105
E
Ecclesiasticus,54-55
ego:andarchetype,68-69
containedbycreed,92
first-andsecond-stage,25
asincarnatingagent,74-75,89
relativizationof,100-101
andSelf,28-30,43-51,57-60,62,69,76-77,89,92-93,100-101,116,118
andshadow,30-31
andsuffering,36-37
transformationof,36-37,89
EgoandArchetype,45,110
Eighty-ninthPsalm,39
elixirpermanens,81
Emerson,RalphWaldo,47-48
EnSoph,50
enantiodromia,11,66,120,131-132
endoftheworldarchetype,100-103
Enoch,Bookof,74,82,84-87,89
Page140
Eros,63-64
evil,21-22,30-31,37,51,73-74,121,130
evolution,32-33,93
Exodus,38-39
EyeofGod,100
Ezekiel'svision,82-85,89,91,98,118-119
F
fallenangels,74-75,85-86,122-123
Faust,88
feminineprinciple,66-67,130-132
filiusmacrocosmi,127
filiusphilosophorum,90
fire,lakeof,100,113-114,117
FirstMan,50
flood,87
Freud,Sigmund,30
G
Genesis,33,74
giants,86-87
Gnosticism,53,55-56,68,74
God(seealsoGod-imageandYahweh):
asautonomouspower,14
becomingman,71-72,88-89
needforman,78
asneurosis,13
objectivationof,71
asreality,19,71
unconsciousnessof,12,19,34,42
God-image(seealsoGod,Yahwehandpassim):
anthropomorphic,16,21,24
asape-like,43
bipolarnature,11
compensationin,47
conflictin,81,121-122
Daniel'svision,84-85
differentiationof,82-85,88-89
evolutionof,130-132
Ezekiel'svision,82-85
imagoDei,80-81
Jung'sexperienceof,12-19,51
oppositesin,121-122
threeWesternversionsof,11-12
transformationof,12,36-39,41,82-91,130-132
unified,inJungianaeon,112
Yahwistic,17,73
Goethe,88
grace,seaof,113-114
H
Hall,James,124
Harding,M.Esther,17,107
heavenlyJerusalem,100,115-116,118-119
Hebrews,Bookof,94-95
HelenofTroy,55-56
heresy,97
hermaphroditearchetype,119
hierosgamos,54,64-65,119,129,132
HolyGhost/Spirit,96-97,126-128,132
homunculus,71
I
identification,35,38,43,57-58,70,76,87,121
Iliad,38-39,56
IllustrationsoftheBookofJob,36
imagoDei,80-81
incarnation:12,19,65-66,69,7174-78,80,88-90,96-97,112,129,131
continuing,77-78,96-97,112
individuation,44,78,92-93,109,129,132
infidelitycomplex,59-60
Page141
inflation,23,45,69-70,76,87,92
injustice,47
Israel,44,57,59-60,62-63,106131
J
Jacob,29
Jaffé,Aniela,17
Jeremiah,59
Jerusalem,100,115-116,118-119
Jews,43-44,116
Job:archetype,19,28-31
Bookof,28-30,32-36,63
encounterwithYahweh,12,28-30,32-37,40-41,44-45,47,49-52,70-71,82-83,95,131
asneurotic,30
John,Bookof,76-77,98
John,St.(seealsoRevelation,Bookof),18-19,113
Jonathan,andDavid,24-26
Jung,C.G.:experienceofGod-image,12-19,51
experienceofhierosgamos,64-65
lettertoAnielaJaffé,17
lettertoElinedKotschnig,33-34,78,95
lettertoErichNeumann,15
lettertoFatherLachat,96-97
lettertoVictorWhite,29-30
justice,47-48
K
Kluger,Rivkah,44,52
Kotschnig,Elined,33-34,78,95
L
Lachat,Father,96
lakeoffire,100,113-114,117
lamb,sacrificial,93-95
LastJudgment,86,90,100,110,117
LectoriBenevolo,23-28
Lem,Stanislav,79
lifecycle,psychic,45-47
LogionofJesus,97-98
Logos,56,104
Lord'sPrayer,75-76
M
mandalas,83,100,115
markedones,108-109
marriage,57-60,63-64
''MarriageAsaPsychologicalRelationship,"57-59
MarriageoftheLamb,64,100,118-119
masculineprinciple,66-67
matter,55,73-74,129-130
Matthew,Bookof,75
Memories,Dreams,Reflections,18,64,119
Mephistopheles,88
Mercurius,127-129
Milton,John,74-75
MonoÁmos,27
monotheism,38-39
MysteriumConiunctionis,22,65,126,130
mysticmarriage,seehierosgamos
mysticism,Jewish,83
N
narcissism,42-43
Neumann,Erich,15
neurosis,13-14,30
Nietzsche,Friedrich,69-70
Noah,87
"NonServiam,"79-80
numinosity,49-50
numinosum,103-104,112
O
objectivepsyche,seecollectiveunconscious
onethird,110-111
Page142
opposites:11-12,16,18,21-23,37,66-67,73-74,80-81,89,109,120-122,131
reconciliationof,121
P
Pandora,127-128
Paraclete,76-78,96-97
"ParadiseLost,"74-75
patterns,pre-existing,65-66,68
Pentecost,97
perfection,63,66-67,120
petitions,inLord'sPrayer,75-76
Philosophers'Stone,71-72,90
pleroma,55,60,67-68,88,91-92,113,129,132
polytheism,38-39
power,16,38,63-64,78
primamateria,56,71,127,129
privatioboni,21
projection,57,59-60,62
Proverbs,53-54
psyche,realityof,26-28,33
PsycheandBible,44
psychiclifecycle,45-47
PsychologyoftheTransference,The,65,130
psychosis,101
pueraeternus,111
R
realityofthepsyche,26-28,33
reconcilingsymbols,121
redemption,22,38,52,56,90,130
reductionism,26,29-30,90
relationship,57-59,63-64
repressed,returnof,117,131
resurrection,117
Reusner,127-128
Revelation,Bookof,18,73,94,99-120,131
revelations,98
Ripley,117
S
sacrifice,93-98,131
salvatormacrocosmi,71-72
SapientiaDei,53,56
sarcasm,15-16
Satan,12,22,28,40,61,73-75,86-88,100,109,131
SatanintheOldTestament,52
Saul,King,24-26
scapegoat,59
science-fiction,79-80
seaofgrace,113-114
sefirotictree,50,64
Self:cityasaspectof,115
andego,28-30,43-51,57-60,62,69,76-77,89,92-93,100-101,116,118
identificationwith,38,43-44,76
asinstrumentofdiscrimination,104-106
Jung'sformula,83
asmenacing,119
asSonofMan,90-91
separatio,51,73-74,83,104,112,131
seven,99,103-104,106-108
shadow,30-31
shards,50-51,61,131
Shiva,70
Shulamite,54,56
SimonMagus,55
Sol-Lunaconiunctio,112
Solomon'sSeal,114
SonofMan,84,86,89-91,99,107
SongofSongs,54
Sophia,53-57,60,62-64,74,115,119
soul,27-28
souls,damned,118
Page143
StarofDavid,114
stars,108-109
suffering,19,36,47,52,78,90
sun,assawblade,104
sun-moonwoman,99,111-112,115
sword,99,104,112
symbols,90,121
synchronicity,68
T
tertiumnondatur,121
Tertullian,27
third,110-111
three(seealsoTrinity),111
thronevision,99,106-107
transference,77
transformation,12,36-39,45-50,63-64,71-72,130-132
"TransformationSymbolismintheMass,"95
Trinity,96,110-111,126-127,130-132
TrojanWar,38
twowivesarchetype,62
U
unconscious:activationof,87,100,102-103
compensatoryfunction,47-48
experienceof,12-19
humanizationof,71-72,88-89
needtobeseen,42-43,89-91,122
asYahweh,35-37,51
unconsciousness,12,19,34,42,51
V
vessels,breakingof,50-51
VirginMary,12,124-130
visions:82-85,89,91,98-101,104,106-107,111-112,118-120
Daniel's,82,84,89,106
Ezekiel's,82-85
VisionsSeminars,12
vonFranz,Marie-Louise,20,56
W
water,114
White,Victor,29-30
WhoreofBabylon,100,114-117
Wisdom(seealsoSophia),53-56,63
WisdomofSolomon,55
Y
Yahweh(seealsoGodandGod-image):asaffect,35
asantinomy,37,40,121
conflictin,50
covenantwith,39-40,60,131
andcreativity,69-70
andIsrael,44,57,59-60,62-63,106,131
andJob,11-12,28-30,40-41,44-45,70andpassim
asmixtureofopposites,131
moralityof,16,51,89,95,131
asphenomenon,51,71,131
andsacrifice,95
asSonofMan,90
andSophia,53-54,57,119
tamedbyVirgin,12
transformationof,12,38,41,47,63-64,71-72,122,130-132
astheunconscious,35-37,51,53
unconsciousnessof,12,19,34,42,51
andZeus,38
Z
Zarathustra,69-70
Zeus,38,64,130
Zion,116