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Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation(TMS)
By: Brandon Brunelle
What is it
• Trancranial Magnetic Stimulation is a method used to treat migrains, migrain “aura”, and even depression
• 10-20% of people suffer from migrains alone• Relatively new concept• Not yet widely used or accepted by insurance
Background
• The skull acts as a shield
• Different parts of the brain have different functionality
• Brain is made up of neurons and neuron clusters that are electrically excitable
The Concept• Migrains are associated
with high neuron activity• Depression associated
with low neuron activity.• Use a magnetic coil to
modulate neuron activity• Coil is placed on scalp in a
desired location• Magnetic field penetrates
to a depth of about 3cm• Approximately three times
the normal neuron excitation stimulation is needed to modulate
Components
• 24V voltage source/high voltage module
• Bipolar condensors
• Snubber circuit• Control circuits• Copper coil
High voltage module
• Delivers an adjustable positive voltage that is highly stable
• Custom 10 watt and high voltage module• Charges condensers in about 23 seconds• High voltage double pole inverter
Condensors
• Metal impregnated polypropylene dielectric with 1500volt insulation.
• Used to deliver high current discharges in about 100uS.
Control Circuit
•Allows for selection of polarity•Amplitude adjustment
Snubber Circuit
• Uses two Thyristor to deliver current to coil in order to provide positive and negative current
• 1800V insulation• Transfers peak current of 8000A for 10ms• Time derivatives were 250A/uS, 1000V/uS• Circuit contains about a 4.3uS lag time causing
polarity to undesirably change in coil• Snubber circuit contained an R-C setup in paralell
with thrystors to prevent polarity change
Copper Coil
• Coil has a diameter of 11 cm
• Made of flat enameled copper wire
• Insulated to prevent coil unwinding
Benefits
• Non invasive• Relatively quick and easy• Does not cause any sort disfunctionality• Would not cost a lot• No chemical imbalances that drugs and
medication can cause• 74% success rate after two hours in test
Sources• Design and Construction of a Portable Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)
Apparatus for Migraine Treatment: Anne Beuter, Isabelle Lagroye, Bernard Veyret University of Bordeaux 1,IMS, Site ENSCPB,UMR CNRS 5218,16, Avenue Pey Berland, 33607, Pessac Cedex, France
• http://intra.ninds.nih.gov/images/Research_Images/[email protected]
• http://www.mclean.harvard.edu/patient/adult/tms.php• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcranial_magnetic_stimulation• http://www.nami.org/Content/ContentGroups/Helpline1/
Transcranial_Magnetic_Stimulation_%28rTMS%29.htm