Baroque and Rococo

PEOPLE

GIAN LORENZO BERNINI

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Ecstasy of saint teresa Piazza leading to St Peter's

Sant'Andrea al QuirinaleBaldacchino in St. Peter's

He was an Italian artist and a prominent Architect who worked principally in Rome. One the leading figure in the emergence of Roman Baroque architecture and was the leading sculptor of his age, credited with creating the Baroque style of sculpture. In addition, he painted, wrote plays, and designed metalwork and stage sets.

FRANCESCO BORROMINI

St Carlo alle Quattro FontaneSant'Ivo alla Sapienza

A leading figure in the emergence of RomanBaroque architecture. A keen student of the architecture of Michelangelo and the ruins of Antiquity, Borromini developed an inventive and distinctive, if somewhat idiosyncratic, architecture employing manipulations of Classical architectural forms, geometrical rationales in his plans and symbolic meanings in his buildings. He seems to have had a sound understanding of structures, Many of his interiors and exteriors combine geometric rationalism with an imaginative sense of drama.

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PIETRO DA CORTONA

Church of SS Martina e Luca

He was the leading Italian Baroque painter of his time and, along with his contemporaries and rivals Gian Lorenzo Bernini and Francesco Borromini, was one of the key figures in the emergence of Roman Baroque architecture.He was also an important designer of interior decorations, He is best known for his frescoed ceilings Admired also for his tapestry art. Cortona was a important contributor tothe Vatican's propaganda campaign of Catholic Counter-Reformation Art worked mainly in Rome and Florence.

Allegory of Divine Providence

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CARLO MADERNO

A Swiss-Italian architect who is remembered as one of the fathers of Baroque architecture. His façades of Santa Susanna, St. Peter's Basilica and Sant'Andrea della Valle were of key importance in the evolution of the Italian Baroque.He worked initially as a marble cutter, and his background in sculptural workmanship would help mold his architecture.He designed the base supporting the Marian column in front of Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore, which later served as a model for numerous Marian columns in many Catholic countries.

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Santa Susanna St. Peter's Basilica

FRANÇOIS MANSART

A French architect credited with introducingclassicism into Baroque architecture of France. the most accomplished of 17th-century French architects whose works "are renowned for their high degree of refinement, subtlety, and elegance". generally known, made extensive use ofa four-sided, double slope gambrel roof punctuated withwindows on the steeper lower slope, creating additionalhabitable space in the garrets that ultimately becamenamed for him – the mansard roof.

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Temple du Marais Château de Maisons

FILIPPO JUVARRA

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An Italian architect and stage set designer, active in alate-Baroque style. Juvarra's set designs incorporate the scenaper angolo, literally 'scenes at an angle.‘Juvarra's period of most intensive activity as an architect began in 1714, when he was recruited to Piedmont where Victor Amadeus II of Savoy first employed him in a scenographic project, then elevated Juvarra to the position of chief court architect. The fame obtained in Piedmont led todemand for his talent and capacities at some of the richest noble and royal courts of Europe

Basilica of Supergapavilion interior of Palace of Stupinigi

BERNARDO VITTONE

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An Italian architect and writer. He was one of the three mostimportant Baroque architects active in the Piedmont region ofNorthern Italy; the other two were Filippo Juvarra and Guarino Guarini. The youngest of the three, Vittone was the only one who was born in the Piedmont. He achieved a synthesis of the spatial inventiveness of Juvarra and the engineering ingenuity of Guarini, particularly in the design of his churches, the buildings for which he is best known.

Cappella della Visitazione at Vallinotto

Parish Church of Grignasco

FRANCESCO BARTOLOMEO RASTRELLI

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An Italian architect whose entire career was spent in Russia. He developed an easily recognizable style of Late Baroque, both sumptuous and majestic. His major works, including the Winter Palace in Saint Petersburg and the Catherine Palacein Tsarskoye Selo, are famed for extravagant luxury and opulence of decoration.

Saint Andrew's ChurchCatherine Palace

MATTHÄUS DANIEL

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A German master builder who helped to rebuild Dresden after the fire of 1685. As court architect for the King ofPoland and Elector of Saxony, Augustus II the Strong, he designed the grandiose Zwinger palace in Dresden. He was also in charge of major works at Dresden Castle, Pillnitz Castle and he designed the Vineyard Church in Pillnitz. Pöppelmann, together with Johann Christoph Naumann, developed an urban plan for a portion of the city of Warsaw, Poland, which was only partially realized, including the Saxon Axis and other important streetscapes. considered one of the most successful realizations of the Baroque aesthetic.

Zwinger palace Vineyard Church in Pillnitz. Pöppelmann

The brothers Cosmas Damian and Egid QuirinAsamwere sculptors, workers in stucco, painters, and architects, who worked mostly together and in southern Germany. They are among the most important representatives of the German late Baroque. CosmasDamian’s great talent for fresco painting quickly made a name for the brothers outside of the Upper Palatinate. Hisfrescoes were valued as highly as those of his Italian contemporary, Giovanni Battista Tiepolo.

ASAM BROTHERS

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AsamkircheSt. George and the Dragon

MICHELANGELO MERISI

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Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio was an Italian painter active in Rome, Naples, Malta, and Sicily between 1592 and 1610. His paintings, which combine a realistic observation of the human state, both physical and emotional, with a dramatic use of lighting, had a formative influence on Baroque painting. Caravaggio'stenebrism (a heightened chiaroscuro) brought high drama to his subjects, while his acutely observed realism brought a new level of emotional intensity.

The Calling of Saint Matthew The Taking of Christ

JEAN-ANTOINE WATTEAU

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A French painter whose brief career spurred the revival of interest in colour and movement, as seen in the tradition of Correggio and Rubens. He revitalized the waning Baroque style, shifting it to the less severe, more naturalistic, less formally classical Rococo. Watteau is credited with inventing the genre of fêtes galantes, scenes of bucolic and idyllic charm, suffused with a theatrical air. Some of his best known subjects were drawn from the world of Italian comedy and ballet.

L'Enseigne de Gersaint The Embarkation for Cythera

FRANÇOIS BOUCHER

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A French painter in the Rococo style. Boucher is known for his idyllic and voluptuous paintings on classical themes,decorative allegories, and pastoral scenes. He wasperhaps the most celebrated painter and decorative artistof the 18th century. He also painted several portraits of hispatroness, Madame de Pompadour. Reflecting inspiration gained from such artists as Peter Paul Rubens and Antoine Watteau, Boucher's early works celebrate the idyllic and tranquil portrayal of nature and landscape with great elan.

Madame de Pompadour Saint Peter Attempting to Walk on Water,

JACOB VAN CAMPEN

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A Dutch artist and architect of the Golden Age. He was primarily responsible for introducing the classical revival style into Dutch Baroque architecture, combining the native, Dutch brick style with the Vitruvian principles he had learnt to produce "Dutch Classicism", an internationally influential style.

Royal Palace, Amsterdam Nieuwe Kerk

PETER PAUL RUBENS

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A Flemish Baroque painter. A proponent of an extravagant Baroque style that emphasized movement, colour, and sensuality, Rubens is well known for his Counter-Reformation altarpieces, portraits, landscapes, and history paintings of mythological and allegorical subjects.His fondness of painting full-figured women gave rise to the terms 'Rubensian' or 'Rubenesque' for plus-sized women.

The Judgement of Paris Descent from the Cross

ANTONIO DA CORREGGIO

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The foremost painter of the Parma school of the Italian Renaissance, who was responsible for some of the most vigorous and sensuous works of the 16th century. In his use of dynamic composition, illusionistic perspective and dramatic foreshortening, Correggio prefigured the Rococo art of the 18th century.

The Holy Night Jupiter and Io

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BALTHASAR NEUMANN

A German military artillery engineer and architect who developed a refined brand of Baroque architecture, fusing Austrian, Bohemian, Italian, and French elements to design some of the most impressive buildings of the period, including the Würzburg Residence and the Basilica of the Fourteen Holy Helpers, called Vierzehnheiligen in German.Neumann was an architect of St. Paulinus' Church in Trier,designing most of the internal elements. His final work isthe Church of the Visitation of Mary, a masterpiece of theBaroque style located near Eltmann am Main.

Würzburg Residence

NICODEMUS TESSIN THE YOUNGER

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A Swedish Baroque architect, city planner, and administrator.The son of Nicodemus Tessin the Elder and the father ofCarl Gustaf Tessin, Tessin the Younger was the middlemostgeneration of the brief Tessin dynasty, which have had a lasting influence on Swedish architecture and history.During his later life, he played an important roll as an administrator and he also produced ambitious city plans for Stockholm in connection to his work for the royal palace.

Holy Trinity Church Tessin Palace

JEAN-HONORÉ FRAGONARD

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a French painter and printmaker whose late Rococomanner was distinguished by remarkable facility, exuberance, and hedonism. One of the most prolific artists active in the last decades of the Ancien Régime, Fragonard produced more than 550 paintings , of which only five are dated. Among his most popular works are genre paintings conveying an atmosphere of intimacy and veiled eroticism.

The Swing Blind Man's Bluff,

PIETER POST

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An architect who, along with Jacob van Campen, created the sober, characteristically Dutch Baroque style.By 1633, in collaboration with van Campen, he designed the exquisite Mauritshuis at The Hague, showing in it his mastery of the Dutch Baroque style.

MauritshuisThe city hall of Maastricht

Louis Le Vau

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One of the greatest architects in 17th century France, Louis Le Vau was part of a trio of Baroque architects - the others being Jules Hardouin Mansart and Andre Le Notre who, along with the decorator Charles Le Brun , helped to create the Louis Quatorze (XIV) style of architecture at the Palace of Versailles, where he set out for the King the main designs which transformed a hunting lodge into the most celebrated royal palace in the world.

Hotel de Bautru Chateau Vaux-le-Vicomte,

ÉTIENNE-MAURICE FALCONET

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is counted among the first rank of FrenchRococo sculptors, whose patron was Mme dePompadour.A sculptor who adapted the classical style of the French Baroque to an intimate and decorative Rococo ideal.His artistic productions are characterized by the same defects as his writings, for though manifesting considerable cleverness and some power of imagination, they display in many cases a false and fantastic taste, the result, most probably, of an excessive striving after originality.

The Bronze HorsemanSeated cupid

GUARINO GUARINI

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An Italian architect of the Piedmontese Baroque, active in Turin as well as Sicily, France, and Portugal. He was a Theatine priest, mathematician, and writer. Guarini was an outstanding architect of his time. Not only were his writings influential, but his complicated structures surpassed anything that had been attempted before him. He was a brilliant mathematician as well as philosopher, teacher, writer and architect. Guarini's strong mathematical background is evident for he states in one of his treatises: ‘ The magic of wondrous mathematicians shines brightly in the marvelous and truly regal architecture '

Interior Cupola of the Sindone Chapel

The Carignano Palace

CARLO RAINALDI

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An Italian architect of the Baroque period. He was one of the leading architects of 17th century Rome, known for a certain grandeur in his designs. He worked at first with his father, Girolamo Rainaldi, a late Mannerist architect in Rome. After his father's death, he fully embraced the monumental Baroque style. He gained ascendancy in Rome when the Barberini pontificate of Pope Urban VIII was replaced by that of the more austere Pamphilj papacy of Innocent X.

Façade of Santa MariaThe apsidal part of Santa Maria Maggiore

JAIME BORTY MILIA

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In his designs for the Chapel of Our Lady of Pilar in the cathedral ofSaragossa (1750), showed himself to be a master of the developed Rococo in its altered Spanish form; but it was a Fleming, Jaime Borty Mili¡ , who brought Rococo to Spain when he built the west f ront of the cathedral of Murcia in 1733.

Chapel of Our Lady of Pilar

JOHANN CHRISTOPH GLAUBITZ

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An architect of German descent who is generally considered to be the most prominent Baroque architect in the lands of the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Glaubitz, who was among the leaders of the Lutheran community of Vilnius, is credited for developing a distinct Lithuanian school ofBaroque architecture, known as Vilnian Baroque, which is best reflected in the cityscape of the Old Town of Vilnius. This has contributed to the widespread naming of Old Vilnius as the "City of Baroque".

Carmelite church of HlybokayeDaugavpils in Latvia

CHRISTOPHER MICHAEL WREN

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