Training of Trainers Integrated Water Resources Management

Enabling Environment and Institutions

2

IWRM Principles: Rio/Dublin

The “ecological principle”

Finite and vulnerable resource….

Holistic approach….

Human and natural systems..

3

IWRM PrinciplesThe “institutional” principle • Management at the

lowest appropriate level…

• Participation by all…

• Vulnerable sections and women..

4

IWRM Principles

The “socio-economic” principle

Social and economic aspects of water services….

Needs of all users in a sustainable manner…

5

Implications

• Mechanisms and processes of “coordination” within water and with management of “related resources”

• Welfare of all

• Concern for equity

• Attention to demand management, environmental needs, and sustainability critical

6

Enabling Environment: Analytical Framework

• CONSTITUTIONAL FUNCTION

• ORGANIZATIONAL FUNCTION

• OPERATIONAL FUNCTION

Establishing laws and policies

River basin management

Water services, uses and users

7

Enabling Environment

• Politics

• Policies

• Law

• Information and Participation

8

Politics

Competing claims for water

Competing interests over water management

Need for negotiations and optimal outcomes

9

Politics

• Who wants reform? Champions ?

• Who are the winners and losers?

• How can interests be negotiated ?

10

Policies

• Links with overall social and economic development

• Framework for managing water resources– Resource management

– Service provision

11

Policy links with social

and economic development

• Population growth and location

• Urbanization and industrialization

• Income growth

• Environmental degradation

• Fiscal constraints

• Institutional constraints

12

0

500

1000

1500

MC

M/y

ear

1998 2005 2010 2015 2020

Agriculture (Re-use)

Agriculture (Fresh)

Industrial

Municipal

Competition for water

13

Policies: framework for management

• Resource management

• Service Provision

• Quantity & quality• Location & need• Demand & supply • Levels of management,

institnl effectiveness

• Institnl sustainability & participation by users, private sector

• Financing needs & sustainability

• Environmental needs & sustainability

14

Policies

• Time

• Cost

• Participation

• Comprehensiveness

• Flexibility

• Ownership

• Implementability

15

LAWS

• Formalizes policy intent

• Basis for enforcement

• Fit for purpose

16

Laws

• Existing laws ?– Cooperatives

• New laws ?– Legislation

• Transition ?– Decree– Govt order

• Purpose ?

• Time ?

• Trial ?

• Enforceability ?

17

INFORMATION AND PARTICIPATION

Data for modeling, water planning and management

Data for awareness, simulation, and participation

18

Participation -- what it does

• Broadens awareness – “more shoulders”

• Windows of

communication– new ideas and feedback

“We don’t know it all..”

19

Information and Participation

• Intensity

• Instruments

• Incentives

20

Gender

• Participation

• Impacts on women

• Evaluation and feedback by women

21

Information and Participation

• Time

• Cost

• Trade-offs

• Ownership ?

• New ideas ?

• Implementability ?

22

INSTITUTIONS

• Rules

• Organizational Arrangements

23

Rules

• Public sector• Private sector• Water users• Communities• NGOs • Environ groups• Basin entities

• Water rights• Water planning and

allocation• Water management • Regulation• Financing• M&E• Information and

communication• Capacity building

24

Structure

• Usually defined for public sector..

• But not for all levels: transnational/national river basin; Nation/State/local..

• Complexity increases with levels…but IWRM applies..

25

River basin management& boundaries

• Basins within nations with strong central government

• Basins within federal nations with strong state governments (transboundary waters)

• Basins shared by nations (international transboundary waters)

Legal complexityPolitical complexity

26

Institutions

• Inter-agency mechanisms cumbersome and high transaction costs

• Govt – civil society mechanisms boundary problems

27

Process

• Engagement among stakeholders

• Consultations and negotiations

• Review and evaluation

28

Financing Arrangements

• Funds flow shapes organizational arrangements (autonomous orgns vs govt depts)

• Financing capital costs

• Financing O&M

29

IWRM: Caution

• Two extremes:

– Paralysis from analysis

– Fragmented action

• Combine analysis and action