Training Module 1 Updates 10.26.2012

8/17/2019 Training Module 1 Updates 10.26.2012

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Aftertreatment Basics

Module 1


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2

Agenda

1. Emission Overview

2. PM Reduction Technology

a !iesel O"idation #atalysts

$ !iesel Particulate %ilters

&. 'O" Reduction Technology

a (elective #atalytic Reduction

$ Ammonia (li) #atalyst * AMO+


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,hat drives the need for aftertreatment-

Regulated Diesel Emissions

Particulate Matter (PM)

Made u) of #ar$on (oot /#0 Ash0 Organic material

sul)hates

,orsens )ree"isting res)iratory conditions such as

asthma and allergies

Hydrocarbons (HC)

(ome have irritating odor0 to"ic and*or carcinogenic

#ontri$ute to )hotochemical smog

Carbon Monoxide (CO)

#olorless0 odorless and tasteless gas

To"ic in high concentrations

&


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,hat drives the need for aftertreatment-

Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)

Made u) of colorless nitric

o"ide /'O and reddish$rown0

very to"ic and reactive nitrogen

dio"ide /'O2

#ontri$ute to )hotochemical

smog and acid rain

3

Greenouse Gas (GHG)

#om)rised of #ar$on !io"ide

/#O20 Methane /#430 'itrous

O"ide /'2O0 %luorinated

5ases

5ases that tra) heat in the

atmos)here raisingtem)eratures

Original source6 e)a.gov

Smog


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5lo$al Emission Regulations E")anding

7


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Emissions Alignment

#ummins #onfidential8

On4ighwayOff4ighway

EPA 299:

EPA 2992

EPA 2919

EPA Tier & 2997

EPA Tier 3 ;nterim 2911

EPA Tier 3 %inal

2913


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PM RED!C"#ON "ECHNO$OG%

:


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!iesel O"idation #atalyst /!O#


9/36=

PM reduction )roduct

%lowthrough su$strate

Made of cordierite or metal

'o maintenance necessary

(u$strate is coated with )reciousmetals

Platinum /Pt and Palladium /Pd ascatalyst

Ena$les conversion at a lowertem)erature

;n general0 increasing Pt increases

conversion efficiency

#om)ati$le with >?(! and 17 PPM 799 PPM sulfur diesel fuels

,hat is a !O#-

Light seen through

substrate paths


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Provides @=9 reduction of #O0 4#

Provides 27 79 reduction of PM

Removes (olu$le Organic %raction of PM )article

Promotes )assive regen of !P% $y creating 'O2

Enhances com$ustion of diesel fuel in the e"haust stream togenerate heat for active regen of !P%

Enhances )erformance of (#R catalyst with creation of 'O2

,hat does a !O# do-

19


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!O# (u$strate Material #om)arison

Caracteristic Cordierite Metallic

Thermal #onductivity ?ower 4igher

(trength ?ower 4igher

,all Thicness 3 to 7 mil /199127 Cm &979 Cm

#ost ?ower 4igher

,eight ?ower 4igher

11


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!iesel Particulate %ilter /!P%


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,hat is a !P%-

PM reduction )roduct

,all flow filter

Every other channel is closed0 forcing e"haust gas

through walls of filter

Made of cordierite or silicon car$ide

(u$strate is ty)ically coated with

)recious metals

Platinum /Pt as a catalyst

Palladium /Pd as catalyst

ReDuires >?(! at 17 PPM

1&


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,hat does a !P% do-

Porous ceramic walls ca)ture

soot and ash from e"haust (oot is removed $y )eriodic

regeneration /active * )assive

Ash accumulates0 reDuiring !P%

removal and maintenance

Provides @=9 PM reduction

Tra)s #ar$on (oot0 Ash and

(olu$le Organic %raction of

)article

13

Clean

Exhaust

PM /

Ash


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,hat is Ash-

;ncom$usti$le material that can only $e removed $y cleaning

?ow density ash )lug near outlet of filter

4igh density ash layer on wall thicness increasing from inlet to

outlet

17Source: Corning

# n

l e t

O u

t l e t

%low


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,hat is Regeneration-

Process of removing accumulated soot $y conversion into

harmless #O2

Two ty)es of regeneration6

&cti'e regeneration

ReDuires tem)erature @799F#

Tem) achieved $y engine management0 dosing diesel fuel into e"hauststream or alternative heat source0 eg. $urner

Passi'e regeneration0 ena$led $y !O# ReDuires 1


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Active Regen

1:


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Passive Regen

1<


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!P% (u$strate Material #om)arison

97*9=*181=

Caracteristic Cordierite ilicon Carbide

Heat Caacity ?ower 4igher

"ermal Conducti'ity ?ower 4igher

Heat u * Cool Do+n Rate (lower %aster

"ermal Durability Moderate 4igher

,lo+ Restriction ?ower 4igher

oot Mass $imit ?ower 4igher

&s Caacity Moderate 4igher if asymmetric cellstructure used

Cost*liter ?ower 4igher

i-e (for same alicationand duty cycle)

?arger 17 &9 smaller

More

Ro$ust

(iGe

#ost

Benefits


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NO. RED!C"#ON "ECHNO$OG%

29


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21

(elective #atalytic Reduction /(#R%undamentals


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,hat is (#R-

#hemical )rocess in which to"ic 'O" is converted to

harmless '2 and 42O Reductant6 Ammonia /'4&

#atalyst6 #o))er Heolite /#uH or ;ron Heolite /%eH or Ianadia

%low through su$strate0 no cleaning necessary

ReDuires >?(! /J79PPM

Ammonia is generated $y the use of liDuid urea /nown as

!iesel E"haust %luid /!E% or AdBlue

22


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2&

4ow does (#R wor-


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'onto"ic solution of &2.7 >rea and 8:.7 ,ater

>sed to deliver Ammonia /to"ic to (#R catalyst

Known as AdBlue in Euro)e

#oncentration ratio with lowest freeGing )oint /11F#

Eutectic solution concentration does not change withfreeGing /)artial freeGing * thawing of vehicle tan

,hat is >rea or !iesel E"haust %luid-

23


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(#R #atalyst Material #om)arison

27

Caracteristic /anadia ,e01eolite Cu01eolite

$o+ "emeratureNOx Con'ersion

?ower ?ower 4igher

Hig "emeratureNOx Con'ersion

?ower 4igher Moderate

NH2 torage ?ower 4igher 4igher

Cost ?ower Moderate 4igher

3ere !sed4 (#Ronlysystems Euro ;I * I0

Tier 3%0EmergingMarets

4igh e"hausttem)eraturese")ected

ty)ically witha !P%

Both cool and hote"hausttem)eratures

e")ected EPA2919*&0 Tier 3%0Euro I;

Clic5 ere for more information


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,hat is a ,ashcoated (#R (u$strate-

#ordierite su$strate is coated with a thin layer called

washcoat

,ashcoat is made u) of catalyst

4igh mechanical strength

4igh melting )oint /@1&99#

28

#atalyst


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,hat is E"truded (#R-

(u$strate and catalyst are same material0 i.e. no

cordierite $ase Manufactured via the )rocess of e"trusion

#ontains more catalyst )er liter of su$strate

;ncreased (#R reaction L ;ncreased 'O" conversion

Ena$les better fuel economy

;ncreased de'O" efficiency ena$les u) to 79 length

reduction of (#R su$strate

2:

#atalyst


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(#R (u$strate #om)arison

2<

3ascoated Extruded

NOx Con'6 er liter ?ower 4igher ubstrate lengtfor gi'en DeNOx 7

+ inches +*2 inches

Heat u * CoolDo+n Rate

(lower %aster

Distribution ofCatalyst

'onuniform >niform

NH2 torage ?ower 4igher


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,hat is an Ammonia (li) #atalyst /A(#-

#a)tures '4& that sli)sN )ast the (#R catalyst during sudden

(#R catalyst tem)erature increases Active regen of !P%

;ncreased engine load

Also nown as Ammonia O"idation /AMO+ catalyst

%low through su$strate coated with o"idation catalyst0 Pt

2=


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,hat does an A(# do-

#onverts '4& gas into harmless '2

Reduces tail)i)e emission of '4& gas to J27 PPM

to )rotect against6

2779 ))m !etecta$le odor unliely to e")erience adverseeffects

79199 ))m Mild eye0 nose0 and throat irritation may develo)

tolerance in 12 wees with no adverse effects thereafter

139 ))m Moderate eye irritation no longterm secondary

effects.

&9


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>)coming Modules

ou have com)leted the first training module0

Aftertreatment Basics.

%uture Modules6

Module 26 Aftertreatment #om)onents (ystem %eatures

Module &6 (ystem ;ntegration Tradeoffs Benefits of

!ifferent Technologies

Module 36 Onhighway versus Offhighway

&1


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#E( Account Management #ontacts

Offhighway OEM Business6

Chris Calas

Dave Grimm

Paul Whittle

Sean Li

Virendra Mohite

#ummins !istri$utor

Business6

Terry RauppKevin Benson

Pat Campbell

Wendy Mayhe

Onhighway '.A. OEM

Business6!ohn B Carroll

Carlos Sustaita

!ane Beaman

Mario San"he# Miranda Cross

&2


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"H&N8 %O!

&&


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&PPEND#.

#ummins #onfidential&3


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(#R #atalyst Tem)erature Res)onse

97*9=*18 #ummins #onfidential&7

Clic5 ere to return


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,hy is '4& (torage ;m)ortant-

Ena$les some 'O" reduction without urea dosing

(tored '4& reacts with 'O" $etter than inQected '4&

4igh '4& storage at low tem)erature

(tored '4& will sli) with sudden increase in (#R

su$strate tem)erature Active Regeneration

;ncreased ?oad

Clic5 ere to return

Documents

Training Module 1 Updates 10.26.2012