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7/30/2019 Training HVAC Production_Boiler
1/24
HVAC- Boiler
Technology Presentation
7/30/2019 Training HVAC Production_Boiler
2/24
Schneider Electric 2S&PBU/PEC/TC
Agenda
Introduction to Boilers
Boiler Efficiency
Definition
Causes of bad efficiencies / Leads of Savings
Boiler Regulation
In function of outside temperature
In function of ambient temperature Cascade Control
Case Study
7/30/2019 Training HVAC Production_Boiler
3/24
Schneider Electric 3S&PBU/PEC/TC
Steam boileri.e Process Hot water boiler i.e Heating
Definition proposal :Boiler: is a closed vessel in which water or other fluid is heated. The heated or
vaporized fluid exits the boiler for use in various processes or heating applications.
Burner: is a device to generate a flame to heat up products using a fuel.
Source : Wikipedia
Introduction to Boilers
7/30/2019 Training HVAC Production_Boiler
4/24
Schneider Electric 4S&PBU/PEC/TC
Source of heat for a boiler : Combustion
Chemical equation for stoichiometric combustion of an hydrocarbon in air :
Introduction to Boilers
NitrogenDioxydeCarbonWaterHeatAirFuel
Common Fuel Types:Natural Gas, Propane, Butane, Fuel Oil
7/30/2019 Training HVAC Production_Boiler
5/24
Schneider Electric 5S&PBU/PEC/TC
Boiler main components :
Introduction to Boilers
Boiler: Heat exchange Burner: Flame generation
Power supply
Control devices
Ex: Steam boiler Ex: Gas burner
1: Motor; 7: Air motorized valve; 12: Pressure control
7/30/2019 Training HVAC Production_Boiler
6/24
Schneider Electric 6S&PBU/PEC/TC
Exhausts gas
Combustion
Combustion gas are blown
through the boiler and
transfer their energy to the
fluid
ChimneySteam
Air
Fuel
How does a boiler work ?(Example of a steam boiler)
Introduction to Boilers
7/30/2019 Training HVAC Production_Boiler
7/24Schneider Electric 7S&PBU/PEC/TC
Different Types of Boilers
Low pressure boilers : Max working pressure are 103 kPa for steam boilers,
1100 kPa for hot water below 120C.
High pressure boilers : Operate above working pressure 103 kPa for steam
boilers, 1100 kPa for hot water above 120C
Steam Boilers : for space heating, hot water heat exchangers, absorption
cooling, laundry, sterilizers etc. Standard sizes from 17kW to 30 MW
Water Boilers : for space heating, industrial processes. Standard sizes to 17
kW to over 30 MW
Introduction to Boilers
Hot Water boilerLow Pressure Steam boiler
7/30/2019 Training HVAC Production_Boiler
8/24Schneider Electric 8S&PBU/PEC/TC
Different types of burners
Introduction to Boilers
Modulating burners
One or Two speed burners
Atmospheric burners
7/30/2019 Training HVAC Production_Boiler
9/24Schneider Electric 9S&PBU/PEC/TC
Different types of burners
Introduction to Boilers
One speed burnersBurner
flow rate
Time
Two speed burners
Modulating burners
Time
Burner
flow rate
1st speed
Burner
flow rate
1st speed
Time
7/30/2019 Training HVAC Production_Boiler
10/24Schneider Electric 10S&PBU/PEC/TC
Agenda
Introduction to Boilers
Boiler Efficiency
Definition
Causes of bad efficiencies / Leads of Savings
Boiler Regulation
In function of outside temperature
In function of ambient temperature
Cascade Control
Case Study
7/30/2019 Training HVAC Production_Boiler
11/24
Schneider Electric 11S&PBU/PEC/TC
ConsumedEnergy
ProducedEnergyEfficiency
Source: 'Boilers and Heaters: Improving Energy Efficiency'
Natural Resources Canada, 2001;
Definition
Boiler Efficiency
7/30/2019 Training HVAC Production_Boiler
12/24
Schneider Electric 12S&PBU/PEC/TC
Different efficiency for different technology
Boiler Efficiency
7/30/2019 Training HVAC Production_Boiler
13/24
Schneider Electric 13S&PBU/PEC/TC
The insulation of the boiler is insufficient
Losses through
the innersurface
Repairing the insulation of the boiler
Causes of bad efficiencies
Boiler Efficiency
7/30/2019 Training HVAC Production_Boiler
14/24
Schneider Electric 14S&PBU/PEC/TC
The boiler is getting sooty
Causes of bad efficiencies
Boiler clogged Boiler after cleaning
Clean periodically the boiler
Boiler Efficiency
7/30/2019 Training HVAC Production_Boiler
15/24
Schneider Electric 15S&PBU/PEC/TC
The boiler and the burner are quite old (more than 25 years)
Replace the boiler and the burner
Causes of bad efficiencies
Boiler Efficiency
7/30/2019 Training HVAC Production_Boiler
16/24
Schneider Electric 16S&PBU/PEC/TC
Causes of bad efficiencies
Bad draught for the exhaust gas
Pressure of the
exhausts gas too low
Check the pressure if this one is too low install
a draft regulator
Boiler Efficiency
7/30/2019 Training HVAC Production_Boiler
17/24
Schneider Electric 17S&PBU/PEC/TC
Inlet valve of the buner stay open at idle time
Air inlet
Change the electrical connection to shut the
valve of the burner at idle time
Causes of bad efficiencies
Boiler Efficiency
7/30/2019 Training HVAC Production_Boiler
18/24
Schneider Electric 18S&PBU/PEC/TC
Case of Burner Power > Boiler Power
Regulate the power of the burner
Causes of bad efficiencies
Boiler Efficiency
7/30/2019 Training HVAC Production_Boiler
19/24
Schneider Electric 19S&PBU/PEC/TC
Agenda
Introduction to Boilers
Boiler Efficiency
Definition
Causes of bad efficiencies / Leads of Savings
Boiler Regulation
In function of outside temperature
In function of ambient temperature
Cascade Control
Case Study
7/30/2019 Training HVAC Production_Boiler
20/24
Schneider Electric 20S&PBU/PEC/TC
External temperature
Hotwatertemp
erature
In function of outside temperature
Boiler Regulation
7/30/2019 Training HVAC Production_Boiler
21/24
Schneider Electric 21S&PBU/PEC/TC
Ambient temperature
Water TC
20C
Heat
relaunch
time
time
16C
Night
setback
Average temperature
In function of ambient temperature
Boiler Regulation
7/30/2019 Training HVAC Production_Boiler
22/24
Schneider Electric 22S&PBU/PEC/TC
Boiler n3
Water
temperature
Time delay
relay
time
time
Power in use
(n of boilerrunning)
Boiler 1 running
Boiler 2 running
Boiler 3 running
time
Temperature
setting
Cascade Control
Boiler Regulation
7/30/2019 Training HVAC Production_Boiler
23/24
Schneider Electric 23S&PBU/PEC/TC
A plant uses Heating oil to produce hot water used for:
- sanitary hot water and
- offices heating.
- Boiler power is 580 KW equipped with a two stages burner of 560 Kw
- Annual consumption : 51 000 L of fuel
- Price : 0.469 / L
Boiler :
- Combustion rate mesured : 79 %- The boiler is 30 years old and the maintenance contract have been stopped since 1990
- Insulation of the boiler quite good
- All the installation have been checked and valided by a boiler specialist
- Presence of a draft regulator
Air blowed Burner :
- Equipped with an inlet damper which stay open at idle time- Burner cycle time : 3 minutes
- Bigger stage not regulated to real heating needed
Building recent
Case Study
7/30/2019 Training HVAC Production_Boiler
24/24
Schneider Electric 24S&PBU/PEC/TC
SAVINGS Kwh /
Saving details
Case Study