Muhammad Tsani Yusron P

Celluler Characteristic Coverage per cell Proses Handover

Development of Mobile CommunicationUMTS20021M 2M

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EDGE GPRS GSM

2001 2000 199910 k

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Mobile OfficeGraphics Medium quality

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56 k Voice Messaging SMS

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Development of Mobile Communication

TD-SCDMA

2G/3G Architecture

Mobile Station / UE Merupakan terminal yang dipakai oleh pelanggan untuk

melakukan proses komunikasi Terdiri dari : Mobile Equipment/HP IMEI Subscriber Identification Module/SIM IMSI

BTS / Node B BTS

/ Node B merupakan tranceiver yang mendefinisikan sebuah sel dan menangani hubungan link radio dengan MS. BTS / Node B terdiri dari perangkat pemancar dan penerima, seperti antenna dan pemroses sinyal untuk sebuah interface. BTS berkomunikasi dengan MS dengan Um interface BTS berkomunikasi dengan UE dengan Uu interface

BSC / RNC BSC / RNC mengatur sumber radio untuk sebuah BTS /

Node B atau lebih. BSC menangani radio-channel hopping, and handover intern BSC. RNC menangani handover

setup,

frequency

Mobile Switching Center (MSC) Melakukan fungsi switching dasar Mengatur BSC melalui A-interface Sebagai penghubung antara satu jaringan GSM dengan

jaringan lainnya melalui Internetworking Function (IWF)

Authentication Center (AuC) Berisi

parameter authentikasi pelanggan untuk mengakses jaringan GSM. AuC berisi parameter seperti Ki, algorithma A3 atau A8

Home Location Register (HLR) HLR

berisi rekaman database permanen dari pelanggandan merupakan database user yang utama. HLR juga berisi rekaman lengkap lokasi terkini dari user.

Visitor Location Register (VLR)VLR berisi database smentara dari pelangganVLR digunakan untuk pelanggan lokal dan yang

sedang melakukan roaming. VLR memiliki pertukaran data yang luas daripada HLR. VLR diakses oleh MSC untuk setiap panggilan, dan MSC dihubungkan dengan VLR Setiap MSC terhubung dengan sebuah VLR, tetapi satu VLR dapat terhubung dengan beberapa MSC

GSM Orthogonal in time within a cell Discontinuous transmission and reception Synchronization in time

WCDMASeparate users through different codes Large bandwidth Continuous transmission and reception Frequency reuse is 1

t

t

code

f

f

Resource GSM - WCDMA GSM Trx / Timeslot E1

WCDMA Power Ce / Channel element IuB Code

Struktur Frame GSM1 multiframe for signalling 51 TDMA frame = 235.38 ms 1 multiframe for speech/data 26 TDMA frame = 120 ms

0

1

2

49

50

0

1

2

24

25

8 TS = 1 TDMA frame = 4.615 ms

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1 TS

BURST = Contents of Time Slot156.25 bit = 576.88 s ( 1 bit = 3.692 s )

Channelization codes in WCDMAc4,1 = {1 1 1 1} c2,1 = {1 1} cc c c -c c2,2 = {1 -1} c4,4 = {1 -1 -1 1} SF = 1 SF = 2 SF = 4SF=8

c4,2 = {1 1 -1 -1} c1 = {1} c4,3 = {1 -1 1 -1}

SF=16

SF=32 S-CCPCH For FACH

SF=64S-CCPCH For PCH

SF=128

SF=256 CPICH P-CCPCH For BCH AICH PICH

Comparison, GSM - WCDMA GSM Neighbor cell planning (BSIC planning) 8 timeslots, repetition pattern 4.6 ms 200 kHz carrier separation Frequency Hopping Power Control Hard (non-continuous) handover Timeslot based Admission

WCDMA Neighbor cell definitions/Scrambling code planning Channels(/users) are separated by different codes 5 MHz carrier separation Fast Power Control Soft/Softer Handover Admission Control Congestion Control

Logical Channels GSM Traffic Channels TCH/(A)F Speech TCH/(A)H Speech TCH/F(H) Cs Data PDTCH Broadcast Channels FCCH SCH BCCH/PBCCH Common Control Channels CCCH(PCCCH) (P)RACH (UL) (P)PCH (P)AGCH Dedicated Control Channels SACCH SDCCH FACCH PACCH PTCCH

WCDMA DTCH (Dedicated Traffic) DCH BCCH (Broadcast Control) BCH FACH (CPICH and SCH)

CCCH (Common Control) RACH FACH PCCH (Paging Control) PCH DCCH (Dedicated Control) RACH FACH DCH

Broadcast Control Channel (BCH)Broadcast Control Channel (BCH): Frequency Correction Channel) o Arah downlink o Point to Multipoint o Sinkronisasi frekuensi MS o Gelombang sinus SCH (Syncronisation Channel) o Arah downlink o Point to Multipoint o TDMA frame structure ( untuk sinkronisasi frame) o Info BSIC (Base Station Identity Code) BCCH ( Broadcast Control Channel ) o Arah downlink o Point to Multipoint o Informasi LAI (Location Area Identity) o Informasi power output maksimum MS o Informasi BCCH carrier sel yang berdekatan

Common Control Channel (CCCH)Common Control Channel (CCCH): PCH ( Paging Channel ) o Point to Multipoint o Paging message ( IMSI/TMSI ) RACH ( Random Access Channel ) o Uplink o Point to Point o MS call set up AGCH ( Access Grant Channel ) o Downlink o Point to Point o Menyediakan kanal signalling (SDCCH)

Dedicated Control Channel ( DCCH)Dedicated Control Channel (DCCH): SDCCH ( Stand Alone Dedicated Control Channel ) o Arah downlink dan uplink o Point to Point o Call set up o Authentication o Location Updating o Short message dan cell broadcast o Menyediakan TCH SACCH ( Slow Associated Control Channel ) o Downlink dan uplink o Point to Point o Uplink : MS measurement data o Downlink : MS power output Timing advanced FACCH ( Fast Associated Control Channel ) o Downlink dan uplink o Point to Point o Handover o Stealing mode ( pengganti sementara TCH)

Receive Signal Level

Rx signal level = Tx power Tx cable loss + Tx

antenna gain FSL+ Rx antenna cable loss.

gain Rx

2G Coverage

3G Coverage

Power Control Konsep awal Mengontrol power agar hemat batere Di dalam GSM power kontrol dipakai agar sinyal yang diterima oleh BTS sama besar untuk jarak yang berbeda, sehingga power yang dikirim oleh BTS ke MS akan sama besar pula. Minimize the interference in the network, thus improve capacity and quality

Maintain the link quality in uplink and downlink by adjusting the powers Mitigate the near far effect by providing minimum required power level for each connection Provides protection against shadowing and fast fading

WCDMA Power ControlWhat do YOU hear... If you only speak English? If you only speak Italian?

POWER CONTROL

If you only speak Japanese?

If you only speak Japanese, but the Japanesespeaking person is all the way across the room? If you only speak Russian, but the Spanish-speaking person is talking very loudly?

HandoverWhyTo To

Functions of GSM Mobile Network

needs to handoverkeep the consistency of call when MS is moving. improve network service qualityReduce drop call rate Reduce congestion rate

Who

takes part in handoverBBSC/RNCMSCMSTo measure the performance of radio subsystem downlink route andsignal intensity received from surrounding cells . BTSmonitor the uplink receiving level and quality of each MS serviced, monitor interference level. The result will be sent to BSC.

MSBTS/Node

BSCThe first judgment is accomplished by BSC.MSCAs to other messages sent from BSS and MSCthe judgment of measuring result is accomplished by MSC.

Handover 2G Hard Handover Break before makeReceived Power dBm

base A

base B

from base C

-60

-70

received power from base A received power from base B

-80

3G Soft Handover Soft handover Make before break

-90

-100

-110

received power from base C

-120

-130 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0

Normalized Distance from Base A

Soft HandoverRNC

NodeB 1

NodeB 2

29

Softer HandoverRNC (WFMR)

NodeB

30

Hard Handover

31

CDMA Concept

Cell Breathing1 W 1 1 K 1 [ { }] (1 i ) R ( Eb /( N 0 I 0 ) SNR

TEMSo o o o o

o o o o

CGI: cell global identity MCC: Mobile country code MNC: Mobile nation code (beda tiap operator) LAC: Local Area Code (1BSC=1-4LAC) CI: Cell identity (menentukan suatu identitas cell) 4 angka= identitas suatu site 1 angka belakang= sektor BCCH ARFCN = Frekuensi Broadcast, di 3G = UARFCN TCHH ARFCN = Frekuensi Traffic Channel, di 3G = UARFCN BSIC= Base station identity code (identitas site) NCC(network colour code) & BCC(Basestation colour code), di 3G = SC Mode = idle, dedicated, di 3G = RRC State

TEMS Radio Parameter 2G

o o o o o o o o

RxLev = kekuatan sinyal 0 - -120dBm RxQual = Qualitas jaringan pada saat receive 0 - 7 BER = Bit Error rate SQI = speech quality index C/I = carrier to interference Power control TA: Timing Advance 1TA=0-550m RLT RxLev = RSCP RxQual = EcNo UARFCN = Frequency SC = Scrambling code = Cell identitas RRC State = Status traffic

Radio Parameter 3G

o o o o o