Training Course Material

7/28/2019 Training Course Material

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Description

This test method covers the determination of the softening point of bitumen in the range

from 30 to 86 C

Apparatus

A 600ml glass beaker

A Ring and Ball Softening Point thermometer (ASTM type 15 C)Two 9,5 mm steel balls weighing 3,5 0,05g each

Two shouldered brass or stainless steel rings

Two ball centering guides

A Ring and Ball Softening Point apparatusA heating device capable of raising the temperature of the apparatus immersed in water at

a rate of 5 C per minute

Method

1. Preheat the two rings to a temperature of 120 to 150 C

2. Place the rings on a metal plate coated lightly with silicone grease

3. Preheat the bitumen sample to 120 to 150 C

4. Fill the rings with the molten bitumen until a slight excess protrudes above the topof the rings

5. Allow the rings to cool for 30minutes6. Trim the excess bitumen from the rings with a heated spatula7. Place a ball centering guide on top of the trimmed sample ring

8. Place the balls on the edge of the ball centering guides (not touching the bitumen)

9. Place the rings, with centering guides attached, in the recesses provided in thesoftening point apparatus

10. Fill the 600ml glass beaker with water at a temperature of 5 C

11. Place the softening point apparatus with sample rings, in the glass beaker

12. Insert the thermometer in the hole provided. The bulb of the thermometer shouldbe level with the bottom of the rings

13. The water level in the beaker should be 105 3mm with the apparatus in place

14. Store the sample assembly in the water at a temperature of 5 C for 15 minutes15. Move the steel balls to the centre of the sample ring and ensure that the balls

contact the bitumen

16. Place the sample assembly on the heater17. Apply heat at a steady rate of 5 C per minute

18. Report the temperature at the moment the steels balls touch the lower plate of the

assembly

TRAINING COURSE

MATERIAL:

TESTING OF

BITUMENOUS BINDERS

NCC


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Description

This test method covers the determination of the softening point of bitumen in the range

from 30 to 86 C

Apparatus

A 600ml glass beaker

A Ring and Ball Softening Point thermometer (ASTM type 15 C)Two 9,5 mm steel balls weighing 3,5 0,05g each

Two shouldered brass or stainless steel rings

Two ball centering guides

A Ring and Ball Softening Point apparatusA heating device capable of raising the temperature of the apparatus immersed in water at

a rate of 5 C per minute

Method

1. Preheat the two rings to a temperature of 120 to 150 C

2. Place the rings on a metal plate coated lightly with silicone grease

3. Preheat the bitumen sample to 120 to 150 C

4. Fill the rings with the molten bitumen until a slight excess protrudes above the topof the rings

5. Allow the rings to cool for 30minutes

6. Trim the excess bitumen from the rings with a heated spatula7. Place a ball centering guide on top of the trimmed sample ring

8. Place the balls on the edge of the ball centering guides (not touching the bitumen)

9. Place the rings, with centering guides attached, in the recesses provided in thesoftening point apparatus

10. Fill the 600ml glass beaker with water at a temperature of 5 C

11. Place the softening point apparatus with sample rings, in the glass beaker

12. Insert the thermometer in the hole provided. The bulb of the thermometer shouldbe level with the bottom of the rings

13. The water level in the beaker should be 105 3mm with the apparatus in place

14. Store the sample assembly in the water at a temperature of 5 C for 15 minutes15. Move the steel balls to the centre of the sample ring and ensure that the balls

contact the bitumen

16. Place the sample assembly on the heater17. Apply heat at a steady rate of 5 C per minute

18. Report the temperature at the moment the steels balls touch the lower plate of the

assembly

TEST METHOD 1

Ring and Ball Softening Point (ASTM D36)


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Reporting of results

Report the softening point as the average of the two results in C

Precision

If the two results differ by more than 1,2 C, repeat the test


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Description

This test method describes the procedure for determining the penetration value of

bitumen

Apparatus

A penetrometer

A penetration cupThree penetration needles

A water bath capable of maintaining a temperature of 25 C to an accuracy of 0,1 C

Method

1. Preheat the bitumen sample to 120 to 150 C2. Fill the penetration cup with molten bitumen to a level of approximately 5 mm

from the top of the cup

3. Cover the filled sample cup with a glass beaker and allow it to cool to roomtemperature over a period of 90 minutes

4. Place the cup in a water bath maintained at 25 C

5. After 90 minutes transfer the filled cup in a transfer dish filled with water from

the water bath, to the penetrometer6. Rapidly determine the penetration value of the bitumen by making three

determinations

7. The three determinations should not be done closer than 10 mm from the edge ofthe penetration cup or closer than 10 mm from one another


Report the average of the three penetration values in 1/10 ths of a mm

Precision

If any result differs by more than 3 from the average, the test should be repeated

TEST METHOD 2

Penetration Value (ASTM D5)


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Description

This test method describes the procedure for determining the Brookfield (dynamic)

Viscosity of bitumen at 60 and 135C.

Apparatus

A Brookfield Thermosel Viscometer

A sample holder and sample chambersNumber 21 and 29 Brookfield spindles

A sample extraction tool

An electronic balance

Method

At 60 C:

1. Preheat the bitumen sample to 120 - 150 C2. Switch on the viscometer and thermosel

3. Set the thermosel to 60 C by pressing the set button and scrolling up or down

with the arrows. When the desired temperature is reached, press set and run

4. Allow the viscometer to auto zero5. Select spindle number 29 by pressing the select spindle button

6. Attach the spindle assembly

7. Pour 13g of molten bitumen into the sample chamber8. Insert the filled sample chamber into the thermosel

9. Carefully lower the spindle into the molten sample

10. Ensure that the viscometer and thermosel are level11. Allow approximately 15 minutes for equilibrium temperature to be reached

12. Start the motor by pressing the motor on/off button

13. Push the select speed button.

14. Increase or decrease spindle rpm by pressing the up or down arrows.15. Press the select speed button again to select the desired rpm. The % in the

lower right hand corner of the viscometers display screen should always be

between 10 and 90. The desired % can be reached by increasing or decreasingspindle rpm

TEST METHOD 3

Brookfield viscosity (ASTM D4402)


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At 135 C:

1. Preheat the bitumen sample to 120 - 150 C2. Switch on the viscometer and thermosel

3. Set the thermosel to 135 C by pressing the set button and scrolling up or down

with the arrows. When the desired temperature is reached, press set and run4. Allow the viscometer to auto zero

5. Select spindle number 21 by pressing the select spindle button

6. Attach the spindle assemble7. Pour 8g of molten bitumen into the sample chamber

See steps 8 to 15 above


After approximately 15 minutes, record 3 readings 60 seconds apart. Report and average

of the 3 readings in cP (mPa.s). Always report test temperature, spindle number andspeed with the results.


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Description

This test method describes the procedure for determining the binder content of a bitumen

emulsion by means of reflux distillation

Apparatus

A 500 ml round bottom flask with a ground glass neckA Dean and Starke receiving trap with a ground glass joint

A suitable condenser with a ground glass joint

Glass beads or boiling chips

A suitable heat sourceSilicone grease

Method

1. Accurately weigh off approximately 50g of bitumen emulsion to two decimalpoints (Mass A) in a round bottom flask

2. Add approximately 50 g of Xylene or Toluene to the round bottom flask and swirl

well

3. Place approximately 10 glass beads in the round bottom flask to ensure even heatdistribution and to prevent bumping

4. Assemble the Dean and Starke apparatus

5. Open the water supply to the condenser6. Switch on the heating device and apply low heat

7. Slowly increase the heat intensity after approximately half of the water has been

caught in the receiving trap8. Distillation will be complete when no more water adheres to the inside of the

flask and the neck of the trap

9. Turn off the heat

10. Loosen any water droplets adhering to the inside of the condenser tube with along length of stiff wire

11. Rinse the neck of the condenser with Xylene or Toluene

12. Read off the volume of water distillate in the receiving trap (X ml)

Calculation of results

Calculate the binder content in percent (%) of emulsion as follows:

(Mass A X ml) x 100

Mass A

TEST METHOD 4

Binder content of a bitumen emulsion (ASTM D244)

(Dean and Starke method)


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Description

This test method describes the procedure for determining the quantity of bitumen

emulsion residue remaining on a 150 micron (m) sieve after passing a 100 ml ofemulsion through the sieve

Apparatus

A 150 m stainless steel sieve with a diameter of 80 mm

A 100 ml plastic measuring cylinder

A ventilated oven capable of maintaining a temperature of 110 5 C

Reagents

Anionic soap solution for stable mix emulsions

Cationic soap solutions for cationic spray and premix solutions

Method

1. Clean the sieve with a suitable solvent and dry to constant weight in an oven

maintained at 110 C2. Accurately weigh the sieve to two decimal places (Mass 1)

3. Pour 100 ml of bitumen emulsion into the measuring cylinder

4. Wet the sieve with approximately 20 ml of soap solution5. Pour the emulsion through the sieve and add additional quantities of soap to assist

with the passage of the emulsion through the sieve

6. When all the emulsion has passed through the sieve, rinse the sieve with cleanwater until the washings are clear

7. Dry the sieve in the oven until the mass remains constant (60 90 minutes)

8. Cool the sieve to ambient temperature

9. Accurately weigh the sieve to two decimal places (Mass 2)

Calculation of results

Calculate the residue on sieving value of the emulsion as follows:

Mass 2 Mass 1


Report the results to two decimal places in grams per 100 ml emulsion

TEST METHOD 5

Residue on sieving value of bitumen emulsion (IP 91)


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Description

This test method describes the procedure for determining the viscosity of cationicbitumen emulsions

Apparatus

A Saybolt Furol viscometer

A special Saybolt Furol thermometer

A 60 ml Saybolt Furol receiving flask

A 0 110 C thermometer (0,1 C accuracy)A 250 ml glass beaker

A 1400 m sieveA stopwatch, accurate to 0,1 second

A suitable heat source

Method

1. Switch on the Saybolt Furol viscometer and allow the oil bath to stabilise at 50 C

2. Pour approximately 200 g of emulsion into the 250 ml beaker3. Gradually heat the emulsion to approximately 50 C whilst stirring continuously

with the thermometer

4. Place a suitable stopper in the orifice of the viscometer tube5. Pour the heated emulsion sample through the sieve into the viscometer tube until

the emulsion just overflows the internal rim of the tube

6. Cover the top of the viscometer tube7. After 15 minutes, swiftly remove the stopper from the tube and immediately start

the stopwatch whilst the emulsion flows into the receiving flask

8. Stop the stopwatch when the emulsion reaches the 60 ml graduation mark


Report the result as the time (Saybolt Furol seconds - SFs) required to fill the receivingflask to the 60 ml graduation mark

TEST METHOD 6

Saybolt Furol viscosity of bitumen emulsions (ASTM D88 and D244)


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PENETRATION GRADE BITUMEN


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CATIONIC BITUMEN ROAD EMULSIONS


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ANIONIC BITUMEN ROAD EMULSIONS


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MEDIUM CURING CUTBACKS

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