Training & Conditioning 17.6

Timing Timing It RightIt RightA look at the A look at the whenwhen of nutritional intakeof nutritional intake

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Circle No. 100

Nutrition

17 Timing It RightMaking the most of athletes’ nutritional intake is as much about when as

what. Here’s an in-depth look at nutrient timing and nutrition periodization.

By Laura Ulrich

Leadership

26 Class & ClinicHow do you balance the needs of a curriculum program and an

athletic training department? Slippery Rock University has blended

the two groups into one.

By Bonnie Siple & Scott Zema

Optimum Performance

32 Let the Season BeginOnce a sport season gets underway, strength and conditioning

can easily be overlooked. That’s why you need a special plan for in-

season weight training.

By Abigail Funk

Treating The Athlete

39 Starting at the BottomWhen the complaint is recurring pain in the heel, bone spurs may be

the cause. Treating this condition means looking at the full functional

capability of the athlete.

By Casey Smith & Dr. Micheal Clark

Sport Specific

45 Strength to SpareThey may not strike you as athletes who need conditioning, but

bowlers can greatly enhance their performance with a progressive

training program.

By Tasha Weddle

Q&A

6 Kathy Schniedwind

Illinois State University

Student Corner

12 Understanding Ethics

By Dr. Greg Frounfelter

Sponsored Pages

25 Gatorade

33 Balanced Body

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49 Product Launch

50 Nutrition

51 Leg Strengthening

56 Pilates

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CEU Quiz

64 For NATA and NSCA members

On the cover: Using the ideas of nutrient timing, University of Texas freshman phenom Kevin Durant was able to gain over 20 pounds of lean mass last season. Story begins on page 17.

September 2007, Vol. XVII, No. 6

CONTENTS

45

T&C SEPTEMBER 2007 1 TRAINING-CONDITIONING.COM

3926

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Circle No. 101

Publisher Mark Goldberg

Editorial StaffEleanor Frankel, DirectorR.J. Anderson, Kenny Berkowitz, Nate Dougherty, Abigail Funk, Dennis Read, Greg Scholand, Laura Ulrich

Circulation Staff David Dubin, DirectorJohn Callaghan

Art DirectionMessage Brand Advertising

Production StaffDon Andersen, DirectorJonni Campbell, Jim Harper,Miles Worthington

IT ManagerJulian Cook

Business ManagerPennie Small

Special ProjectsDave Wohlhueter

Administrative AssistantSharon Barbell

Advertising Materials CoordinatorMike Townsend

Marketing DirectorSheryl Shaffer

Marketing/Sales AssistantDanielle Catalano

Advertising Sales AssociatesDiedra Harkenrider(607) 257-6970, ext. 24

Pat Wertman(607) 257-6970, ext. 21

T&C editorial/business offices: 31 Dutch Mill RoadIthaca, NY 14850 (607) 257-6970Fax: (607) [email protected]

September 2007 Vol. XVII, No. 6

Marjorie Albohm, MS, ATC/LDirector of Sports Medicine and Orthopaedic Research,Orthopaedics Indianapolis

Jon Almquist, ATCSpecialist, Fairfax County (Va.) Pub. Schools Athletic Training Program

Brian Awbrey, MDDept. of Orthopaedic Surgery,Massachusetts General Hospital,and Instructor in Orthopaedics,Harvard Medical School

Jim Berry, MEd, ATC, SCAT/EMT-BDirector of Sports Medicineand Head Athletic Trainer,Myrtle Beach (S.C.) High School

Leslie Bonci, MPH, RDDirector, Sports Medicine Nutrition Program, University of PittsburghMedical Ctr. Health System

Christine Bonci, MS, ATCAsst. A.D. for Sports Medicine,Women’s Athletics, University of Texas

Cynthia “Sam” Booth, ATC, PhDManager, Outpatient Therapyand Sportsmedicine,MeritCare Health System

Debra Brooks, CNMT, LMT, PhDCEO, Iowa NeuroMuscular Therapy Center

Cindy Chang, MDHead Team Physician,University of California-Berkeley

Dan Cipriani, PhD, PTAssistant ProfessorDept. of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State Univ.

Gray Cook, MSPT, OCS, CSCSClinic DirectorOrthopedic & Sports Phys. Ther.Dunn, Cook, and Assoc.

Keith D’Amelio, ATC, PES, CSCSHead Strength & Conditioning Coach/Assistant Athletic Trainer, Toronto Raptors

Bernie DePalma, MEd, PT, ATCHead Athl. Trainer/Phys. Therapist,Cornell University

Lori Dewald, EdD, ATC, CHESHealth Education Program Director,Salisbury University

Jeff Dilts, Director, Business Development & Marketing, National Academy of Sports Medicine

David Ellis, RD, LMNT, CSCSSports Alliance, Inc.

Boyd Epley, MEd, CSCSDirector of Coaching Performance,National Strength & Conditioning Association

Peter Friesen, ATC, NSCA-CPT, CSCS, CAT, Head Ath. Trainer/ Cond. Coach, Carolina Hurricanes

Lance Fujiwara, MEd, ATC, EMTDirector of Sports Medicine,Virginia Military Institute

Vern Gambetta, MA, President, Gambetta Sports Training Systems

Joe Gieck, EdD, ATR, PTDirector of Sports Medicine and Prof., Clinical Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia (retired)

Brian Goodstein, MS, ATC, CSCS, Head Athletic Trainer, DC United

Gary Gray, PT, President, CEO, Functional Design Systems

Allan Johnson, MS, MSCC, CSCSCoach, Speaker, Consultant

Maria Hutsick, MS, ATC/L, CSCSHead Athletic Trainer, Boston University

Christopher Ingersoll, PhD, ATC, FACSM Director, Graduate Programs in Sports Medicine/Athletic TrainingUniversity of Virginia

Tim McClellan, MS, CSCSDirector of Perf. Enhancement,Makeplays.com Center for Human Performance

Michael Merk, MEd, CSCSDirector of Health & Fitness,YMCA of Greater Cleveland

Jenny Moshak, MS, ATC, CSCSAsst. A.D. for Sports Medicine,University of Tennessee

Steve Myrland, CSCSOwner, Manager, Perf. Coach, Myrland Sports Training, LLC, Instructor and Consultant,University of Wisconsin Sports Medicine

Mike Nitka, MS, CSCSDirector of Human Performance,Muskego (Wisc.) High School

Bruno Pauletto, MS, CSCSPresident, Power Systems, Inc.

Stephen Perle, DC, CCSPAssociate Prof. of Clin. Sciences, University of Bridgeport College of Chiropractic

Brian Roberts, MS, ATC, Director, Sport Performance & Rehab. Ctr.

Ellyn Robinson, DPE, CSCS, CPTAssistant Professor, Exercise Science Program,Bridgewater State College

Kent Scriber, EdD, ATC, PTProfessor/Supervisor of Athletic Training, Ithaca College

Chip Sigmon, CSCSStrength and Conditioning Coach,Carolina Medical Center

Bonnie J. Siple, MS, ATCCoordinator, Athletic Training Education Program & Services, Slippery Rock University

Chad Starkey, PhD, ATCVisiting ProfessorAthletic Training Education Program, Ohio University

Ralph Stephens, LMT, NCTMBSports Massage Therapist,Ralph Stephens Seminars

Fred Tedeschi, ATCHead Athletic Trainer, Chicago Bulls

Terrence Todd, PhD, Co-Director, Todd-McLean Physical Culture Collection, Dept. of Kinesiology & Health Ed., University of Texas-Austin

Training & Conditioning (ISSN 1058-3548)

is published monthly except in January

and February, May and June, and July and

August, which are bimonthly issues, for

a total of nine times a year, by MAG, Inc.,

31 Dutch Mill Rd., Ithaca, NY 14850. T&C is

distributed without charge to qualified

professionals involved with competitive

athletes. The subscription rate is $24 for

one year and $48 for two years in the United

States, and $30 for one year and $60

for two years in Canada. The single copy

price is $7. Copyright© 2007 by MAG,

Inc. All rights reserved. Text may not be

reproduced in any manner, in whole or in

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POSTMASTER: Send address changes to

Training & Conditioning, P.O. Box 4806,

Ithaca, NY 14852-4806. Printed in the U.S.A.

Editorial Board

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Circle No. 103


Head Athletic Trainer for Illinois State from 1989-2006,

Schniedwind covered the football team, along with teach-

ing a class and serving on several national committees.

Kathy SchniedwindIllinois State University

How has athletic training changed since you started

in the field?

When I began as the head women’s athletic trainer in 1976, we

had a much smaller full-time staff and far fewer graduate assis-

tants. We had separate men’s and women’s athletics depart-

ments, which were housed in two different buildings. Since

then, the departments have merged, facilities have grown, and

we have a new athletic training room, which I helped design.

Lecturing at schools on behalf of the National Center for Drug Free Sport. Teaching a course in Illinois State University’s athletic training edu-cation program. Serving as an athletic trainer at Special Olympics events. Volunteering twice a week at the local humane society. This hardly sounds like a life of leisure, but for Kathy Schniedwind, MS, ATC, this is what retirement looks like.

After three decades as an athletic trainer at Illinois State

University, Schniedwind stepped down at the end of the

2005-06 season. Serving as Head Athletic Trainer for the fi-

nal 17 years, she coordinated care for 19 sports with primary

responsibility for the football team, and taught in the Depart-

ment of Kinesiology and Recreation.

Schniedwind earned a master’s degree from Indiana Uni-

versity in 1976, and then took a job as Illinois State’s first

Head Women’s Athletic Trainer that fall. Six years later, the

men’s and women’s athletics programs merged, and she

served as Assistant Athletic Trainer before taking over the

department in 1989.

Over the next 17 years, Schniedwind gained national rec-

ognition working on the NCAA’s Committee on Competitive

Safeguards and Medical Aspects of Sports, where she fo-

cused on drug education, and on the NATA College/Univer-

sity Athletic Training Student Committee. In 2004, she was

inducted into the NATA Hall of Fame.

In this interview, she talks about retiring at 54, how the pro-

fession has changed, difficult rehabs, and the importance of

properly balancing work and life.

T&C: How are you enjoying your retirement?

Schniedwind: It’s been a great challenge. I miss the people

I worked with and I miss the ability to make a difference ev-

ery day with student-athletes, coaches, and athletic training

students. But it was time for me to try some new things, and

it was a good decision. On the one hand, I’m still involved in

athletic training through teaching, but on the other, I’m also

able to do things I never had time to do before, like volunteer

at the humane society. And I’m spending more time with fam-

ily and friends. It’s the best of both worlds.

QA&&

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Circle No. 104


QA&&Technologically, the modalities we use to treat athletes

have improved tremendously. Educationally, we’ve seen im-

mense changes. As a profession we went through some

growing pains, but I think our students are much better pre-

pared now, with much closer supervision.

Why did you become an athletic trainer?

My undergraduate degree was in physical education and

health, but after spending a year as a high school health

and physical education teacher in Norfolk, Va., I knew that

wasn’t for me. I’d always loved athletics and medicine, so

when one of my mentors suggested I look into the athletic

training program at Indiana, it sounded like the perfect way

to combine the two.

Was it difficult being a female athletic trainer for a

football team?

No, not really. Whenever you work with a coach for the first

time, you have to prove yourself, whether you’re male or fe-

male. If you have the skills and communicate well, gender

shouldn’t be an issue. Once people saw I could do my job,

it wasn’t a problem.

There were situations where it would have been easier if I

were male. When I had to go into the locker room, someone

had to call out, “A woman is coming in.” But that’s no different

for male athletic trainers working with a female team. Plus,

I’m 5’2”, so there were times when I’d have to stand up on

the locker room bench to look a player in the eye. And some-

times, I’d intentionally do goofy things, like dancing to the ra-

dio—I’m not a good dancer—so we could all laugh together.

What was your most difficult rehab?

A football player totally dislocated his knee—not the knee-

cap, the entire knee—when it was hit straight on at full speed. He

tried to run off the field and almost made it to the sideline before

he collapsed. I literally had to hold his knee together, or it would

have flopped around like a rag doll. We spent over a year rehab-

bing, and this young man worked extremely hard. He was in the

athletic training room two or three times a day year-round, and

ended up playing again, which was really impressive.

Then, not even two years after he graduated, he was killed

“There’s a lot of psychology in this job. On a long-term rehab, I tell athletes

they’re going to have good days and bad days, and just because they go

backward one day doesn’t mean they can’t go forward the next. The key is

letting them talk and listening to them.”

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Circle No. 105Circle No. 106


QA&&so it’s okay.” But they don’t understand that the Food and

Drug Administration doesn’t regulate all supplements. They

figure if they can buy it at a store, it has to be okay.

What’s the hardest part of working as a collegiate

athletic trainer?

I have to admit that sometimes I got tired. I am a high energy

person, but late in my career, I didn’t bounce back as easily

as I used to, especially after working late nights. There were

times I thought I was burning out, mostly when I was really

tired or things weren’t going well. But when I stepped back

and talked about it with friends, I realized this was what I want

to do—I love it. I always tell athletic training students that if

they have a problem, talk about it. If you just keep it bottled

up, it’ll get worse.

in a car accident. When you spend as much time with some-

one as I did with that young man, you get to know that person

pretty well. It was devastating.

Are there other rehabs that stand out in your mind?

Anybody who’s gone through a surgical ACL repair—that’s always

a long process. Those are the athletes who need the most en-

couragement, because most of them just want to know, “When do

I get to run?” They don’t see results quickly, and as athletic train-

ers, our biggest challenge is to keep motivating them.

There’s a lot of psychology in this job. On a long-term re-

hab, I tell athletes they’re going to have good days and bad

days, and just because they go backward one day doesn’t

mean they can’t go forward the next. The key is letting them

talk and listening to them.

Why are you a proponent of drug testing?

It’s not necessarily the drug testing itself, it’s the message

we’re sending to student-athletes: Do not try things just

because someone says they will help you. One reason we

started drug testing at Illinois State was to deter student-

athletes who might want to experiment or feel pressured to

use a certain drug. If they know they might be tested, they

won’t try it.

It’s also important to educate them about supplements. A

lot of athletes will say, “I bought this at the nutrition store,

“By delegating work, you give ownership to your staff. It took a long time to get over feeling guilty about not being there when my assistants were. But once I did, I was able to take full days off, even when the sport I covered was in season.”

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Circle No. 107

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Circle No. 108


QA&&

What have you learned about balancing work and life?

Early on in our careers, my generation of athletic trainers

made the mistake of thinking we needed to be in the athletic

training room 24/7, whether anybody walked through the door

or not. We had to learn that it’s okay to leave our assistants in

charge. By delegating work, you give ownership to your staff. It

took a long time to get over feeling guilty about not being there

when my assistants were. But once I did, I was able to take full

days off, even when the sport I covered was in season.

What are you proudest of from your 30 years

in the field?

That I was there to help people. Early on, I learned from my

parents that it’s important to give back to the community. That’s

why my involvement with the Special Olympics is so strong.

I’m also proud that I led by example and never asked any-

body else to do more than I was doing. At the same time,

I tried to be thankful and tell people when they did a good

job. It always frustrates me when people say, “I don’t have to

compliment them for doing their job.” So I ask my students,

“How does it feel when someone says you’ve done a great

job? Is there a quickness in your step? Does it put you in a

good mood?” We don’t always give enough praise, but hope-

fully they will.

Does working with the Special Olympics make you a

better athletic trainer?

I think it makes me a better person because it helps me ap-

preciate all the things we take for granted on a daily basis. It

takes me outside myself and teaches me things I might not

normally learn as a collegiate athletic trainer.

It’s a different kind of care. We have more seizure issues

with Special Olympians, and we can’t always communicate

well with athletes or know their full history. But it’s really fun to

be part of it and help the athletes compete. They’re so excited

to participate, even if all they win is a seventh-place ribbon. It

gives me a different perspective on things.

What are the most pressing issues facing

the profession?

Athletic trainers need to keep working with other health pro-

fessions, because the bottom line is that we’re all trying to do

the same thing: rehabilitate physically active people. I would

like athletic trainers to be able to bill for services through

Medicare, regardless of setting. I’d like to see us treated the

same as other allied health professions. And I’d also love

to see every high school athletics program have an athletic

trainer. That would be a huge change.

What are your next goals?

To stay healthy and have more time for friends and family,

which is one of the main reasons I decided to retire from the

intercollegiate athletic setting. I’m keeping an open mind. I

don’t want a full-time job, but if someone approached me with

a new opportunity, I might just give it a try. ■

■ Kathy SchniedwindFormer Head Athletic Trainer, Illinois State UniversitySpeaker, The National Center for Drug Free SportBoard Member, NATA Research and Education Foundation Board of DirectorsInstructor, Athletic Training Education Program, Illinois State UniversityAdvisor, The Collegiate Sports Medicine Foundation

BS, West Chester State University, 1974MS, Indiana University, 1976

Honors:Illinois Athletic Trainers Association Hall of FameNATA Hall of Fame

First sports medicine job: Women’s Athletic Trainer, Illinois State University

“I think working with the Special Olympics makes me a better person because it helps me appreciate all the things we take for granted on a daily basis. It takes me outside myself and teaches me things I might not normally learn as a collegiate athletic trainer.”

Untitled-4 1 8/8/07 11:49:14 AM

12 T&C SEPTEMBER 2007 TRAINING-CONDITIONING.COM

Sponsored by

with the laws and regulations govern-

ing the practice of athletic training.

Principle 3: Members shall main-

tain and promote high standards in

their provision of services.

Principle 4: Members shall not en-

gage in conduct that could be con-

strued as a conflict of interest or that

reflects negatively on the profession.

By becoming an athletic trainer, you

agree to follow this Code of Ethics and

use it as your moral compass as an ath-

letic trainer. Even athletic trainers who

are not members of the NATA may be

bound by our Code of Ethics, because

if an athletic trainer’s decision results in

litigation, one of the questions at hand

will be whether he or she acted in ac-

cordance with accepted professional

standards, including the NATA Code.

There is no way around it. Every athletic

trainer needs to understand and follow

the NATA Code of Ethics.

It should also be mentioned that

individual state practice acts, where

appropriate, are another important

tool in ethical decision making. Prin-

ciple 2 of the NATA Code makes it

clear that these guidelines should be

followed at all times. However, state

practice acts vary in approach and

detail, so we will limit this discussion

to the NATA Code of Ethics.

Transport yourself to the time when

you have passed your NATA-BOC

Examination and are a full-fledged

athletic trainer. Congratulations! You

can now wrestle with ethical ques-

tions that come up in our profession.

Here are four scenarios present-

ing ethical quandaries and how the

NATA Code of Ethics can be applied

to make the proper decision.

Case A: The quarterback of the

high school football team is injured

during a game. As you make your way

to the locker room, a booster stops

you and asks about his status.

Resolution: You are faced with a

request for privileged medical informa-

tion from someone who has no need

to know the information. Section 1.3 of

the NATA Code states: Members shall

preserve the confidentiality of privi-

leged information and shall not release

such information to a third party not in-

volved in the patient’s care without a re-

lease unless required by law.

As harmless as it may seem, you

should not share patient information

with a person who is not involved in

his care unless you have received ap-

proval from the athlete, and in the case

of a high school player, his parents. In

addition, Federal HIPAA requirements

may come into play here, which could

make such disclosure illegal.

Case B: In an effort to save on the

cost of supplies, a freshman basket-

ball coach asks you to tape the an-

kles of only players in the starting line

up. He says the other players can use

braces instead.

Resolution: You face several ethi-

cal considerations here. First, Section

1.1 of the NATA Code states: Mem-

bers shall not discriminate against any

legally protected class. This means

everyone on the team should receive

the same level of care whether they’re

starters or not.

Section 1.2 states: Members shall

be committed to providing competent

care. So you have to determine wheth-

P ersonal ethics are like snow-

flakes—no two are alike. What

one person sees as just and

right, another may view as unfair or

immoral.

Professional ethics, however, are

different. Many professions—especial-

ly in healthcare—have established ethi-

cal standards for their practitioners.

Most likely, you are already familiar with

the National Athletic Trainers’ Associa-

tion Code of Ethics. This is a powerful

document with many ramifications for

the ways athletic trainers practice.

Once you become a Certified Athletic

Trainer, the words in this code will take

on greater meaning. No longer will they

address purely theoretical concepts.

They will become a tool to guide you

through the ethical and moral decisions

we all encounter in our profession.

At its core, the NATA Code is based

on four principles:

Principle 1: Members shall respect

the rights, welfare, and dignity of all.

Principle 2: Members shall comply

StudentCornerA special feature for your athletic training students

As an athletic trainer, you will undoubtedly face ethical decisions. Luckily, there is a source of help.

Greg Frounfelter, DPT, SCS, ATC,

CSCS, is an Athletic Trainer and

Physical Therapist in the Physical

Medicine Department at Agnesian

Healthcare-Waupun Memorial Hospital

in Waupun, Wis. He can be reached at:

[email protected].

A Moral Compass

BY DR. GREG

FROUNFELTER

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Circle No. 109

StudentCornerer taping or bracing would be the best

treatment for each player.

In addition, Section 3.4 states:

Members shall recognize the need for

continuing education and participate

in educational activities that enhance

their skills and knowledge. Searching

for research in regard to this issue will

help strengthen your position should

you have to defend your decision to

tape or brace.

Case C: You know a fellow athletic

trainer who is also employed as a phys-

ical therapist at a local clinic. You note

that all of the injured student-athletes

at her high school are being sent to

the clinic where your friend then treats

them as a physical therapist. This oc-

curs even with injuries that could eas-

ily be addressed within the confines of

the high school athletic training room.

Resolution: Principle 4 makes clear

that any conflict of interest should be

avoided and an athletic trainer refer-

ring patients to themselves to treat as a

physical therapist could certainly qual-

ify as a conflict. While it may seem to

be good business, Section 4.3 states:

Members shall not place financial gain

above the patient’s welfare and shall

not participate in any arrangement that

exploits the patient. In addition, Sec-

tion 3.3 states: Members shall provide

services, make referrals, and seek

compensation only for those services

that are necessary, which would not in-

clude services that could be handled

in the athletic training room.

Even if the referral is made with-

out regard to financial considerations,

there is still an ethical problem, since

Principle 4 speaks of “construed con-

flict of interest” not just an actual con-

flict of interest. Though everything may

be legitimate, an athletic trainer refer-

ring athletes to a clinic they work for

could appear to be a conflict of inter-

est and should be avoided. This is of-

ten addressed by being open about

your professional relationships with

your employer and giving the athlete

the choice of where he or she would

like to go for further follow-up care.

There’s another ethical consider-

ation here—what action you should

take. Section 2.3 of the Code says:

Members shall report illegal or unethi-

cal practices related to athletic training

to the appropriate person or authority.

The NATA Web site includes instruc-

tions for reporting violations of its

Code of Ethics. Reports can be made

anonymously, if desired.

Though it may be difficult to report

a fellow athletic trainer, our profession

relies on self-policing. Turning a blind

eye to an athletic trainer who acts un-

ethically can put the profession’s repu-

tation at risk.

Some athletic trainers may prefer

to talk with the offending party first in

an attempt to get them to change their

ways. But if the problematic behavior

continues, it should be reported.

Case D: You are covering a wres-

tling match at a new high school. You

find the coach has been using a soft

splint and taping to help a varsity wres-

tler with a sprained hand for the last

four weeks. The wrestler shows signs

that strongly indicate a fifth metacar-

pal fracture, and says he is experienc-

ing decreased hand function. But the

coach is adamant that he not see a doc-

tor because if the hand is fractured, the

wrestler, who is ranked second in the

state, will miss the state tournament.

Resolution: In this scenario, there

are a variety of ethical issues, and some-

times they may even conflict with each

other. Principles 2 and 3 of the Code

of Ethics speak to the need to main-


The wrestler shows signs that strongly indicate a fifth metacarpal fracture and says he is experiencing decreased

hand function. But the coach is adamant that he not see a doctor … In this scenario, there are a variety of ethical is-

sues, and sometimes they may even conflict with each other.

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Untitled-1 1 7/5/06 10:41:35 AM

Circle No. 110


StudentCorner

StudentCorner

tain high standards in providing athletic

training services. Pertinent sections of

the NATA Code of Ethics include:

Section 3.1: Members shall not mis-

represent, either directly or indirectly,

their skills, training, professional cre-

dentials, identity, or services.

Section 3.2: Members shall pro-

vide only those services for which

they are qualified through education

or experience and which are allowed

by their practice acts and other perti-

nent regulation.

Section 4.1: Members should conduct

themselves personally and professional-

ly in a manner that does not compromise

their professional responsibilities or the

practice of athletic training.

By not arranging adequate medical

follow-up, there is a breach of duty to

the athlete. An athletic trainer who al-

lows this to continue and tries to nurse

the athlete through the season could

even be accused of practicing medi-

cine without a license. Plus, if perma-

nent injury or disability occurs as the

result of competing with the injury, the

school, coaches, or athletic trainer

could be held liable.

Ethics require that the athletic trainer

explain to the coach and athlete—and

if he’s a minor, to his parents—the se-

riousness of the injury and the impor-

tance of having it evaluated by a doctor.

The athletic trainer also needs to make

it clear that he or she will not partici-

pate in any plan to keep the wrestler in

action without a physician’s approval.

However, the athletic trainer cannot

force the athlete to seek treatment. In

the high school setting, this decision

will usually be up to the parents. If they

decline your guidance, all you can do

is reiterate your concerns and have

them sign off on their refusal to follow

your instructions.

These scenarios, all of which are

based on ethical questions I have

faced during my career, may seem

to require little more than common-

sense solutions. But anytime you get

into a discussion of ethics, you will be

amazed by some of the arguments you

will hear. Some athletes and parents

may feel a chance to win a state title

is worth taking the risk of permanent

injury, and some people will never un-

derstand why an athlete’s medical in-

formation is none of their business.

As an athletic trainer, you will be

judged by the NATA Code of Ethics

and state practice acts. By using these

as the basis for your professional eth-

ics, you will always be able to justify

your decisions from a moral and legal

perspective. They provide the tools

needed to be an allied health profes-

sional who can make the best deci-

sions on a consistent basis. ■

The National Athletic Trainers’

Association Code of Ethics, and

instructions for reporting an eth-

ics violation, can be found on the

NATA Web site at: www.nata.org/

codeofethics/index.htm.

Untitled-3 1 7/24/07 1:29:41 PM

Circle No. 111

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Circle No. 112


NUTRITION

AP PHOTOS

Laura Ulrich is an Assistant Editor at

Training & Conditioning. She can be

reached at: [email protected].

BY LAURA ULRICH

Timing It Right Making the most of an

athlete’s nutritional intake is as much about when as what. Here’s an in-depth look at nutrient timing and nutrition periodization.

WWhen nutritionists talk to athletes, advice most often centers around what they should eat. Without the right mix

of carbohydrates, protein, vitamins, and minerals, an athlete’s body will be unable to reach its potential.

However, recent research shows that athletes who focus exclusively on what they eat are missing half the equation: When they eat is just as important. In fact, studies suggest that the timing of nutrition is so critical that if two ath-letes consume exactly the same diet and perform exactly the same training, the athlete who times his or her eating correctly will make more performance gains than the one who doesn’t.

Todd Wright, CSCS, Director of Basketball Strength and Condition-ing at the University of Texas, has seen this firsthand. By carefully timing his athletes’ nutrition intake last season, Wright saw one player drop 73 pounds, another player who needed to add lean mass gain 22 pounds, and his entire team perform better than anticipated, making it to the Big 12 championship game and finishing with a No. 16 na-tional ranking.

“Out of our regular seven-man ro-tation, five of our players were fresh-men,” Wright says. “I firmly believe

Using nutrient timing, University of Texas freshman phenom Kevin Durant was able to gain over 20 pounds of lean mass last season, helping him become the 2nd pick in the NBA draft this spring.


NUTRITION

workouts well fueled and are able to maximize their recovery afterward, a concept known as nutrient timing. In the bigger picture, athletes need to know how to adjust their eating across

the course of an entire year, so that whether it’s the off-season, preseason, or height of competition, their bod-ies are getting the right nutrition when they need it. This concept is known as nutrition periodization.

that timing our nutrition gave them the edge to achieve more than anyone ex-pected. It’s one of the best tools in our toolbox. We’ve taken advantage of it, and it’s made the difference for us.”

To truly benefit from timing their nu-trition, athletes need to focus on both the small and large pictures. On one hand, they need to understand how to schedule their meals and snacks across each 24-hour period so they arrive at

NUTRIENT TIMING

John Ivy, PhD, Professor of Kinesiolo-gy and Health Education at Texas, has spent more than a decade studying how athletes can time their eating across the course of a day to optimize their bod-ies’ response to training. In 2004, Ivy and co-author Robert Portman pub-lished the results of this work in a book titled Nutrient Timing: The Future of Sports Nutrition.

“Over a period of 15 years, we looked at one main question: How does the timing of nutrition relative to exercise influence glycogen storage and protein synthesis?” Ivy says. “The answers to that question became the basis for the nutrient timing system.”

Ivy’s system breaks an athlete’s day into three phases: the energy phase, the

When athletes need to lose or gain weight,

conventional wisdom says that a calorie

is a calorie and raising or lowering their

intake should do the trick. In reality, however, timing

those calories right can make a big difference.

That strategy was key last season for Todd

Wright, CSCS, Director of Basketball Strength

and Conditioning at the University of Texas. When

the men’s team reported for training the summer

before the 2006-07 season, two freshmen athletes

had big weight goals to accomplish. At 6-foot-10

and 367 pounds, Dexter Pittman needed to drop

weight. And at 6-foot-9 and 200 pounds, Kevin

Durant needed to bulk up.

Both players saw remarkable results. By the

end of the summer, Durant had gained 22 pounds.

Pittman’s goal took a bit longer, but over the

course of the season, he lost 73 pounds. “Neither

of those things would have been possible with-

out nutrient timing,” Wright says. “Both of them

worked extremely hard, but applying nutrient timing

was what allowed that work to pay off.”

With Durant, Wright focused on getting him to

eat frequently, adding 300 to 400 calories to his

daily diet by having him take in high quality carbo-

hydrate, protein, and fat at each meal, while also

snacking often between meals. But the real key

was getting him to capture the crucial window

after each workout when his body was primed for

protein synthesis. Wright did this by making sure

Durant consumed carbohydrate and protein imme-

diately after each of his summer workouts and a

light meal containing both macronutrients about

two hours later.

“That was crucial,” Wright says. “If he hadn’t

been capturing those windows, it wouldn’t have

mattered how hard he worked. He would not have

gained that much lean mass in just eight weeks.”

With Pittman, Wright also focused on frequent

eating, but with the goal of cutting down overall

calories. “We had him eat six or seven small meals

a day with a lot of water,” Wright says. “Except for

during the post-workout window, we cut out high

glycemic index foods, so the majority of the time,

we kept his insulin and cortisol low, which helps

with weight loss.

“But post-exercise, we made sure he had a

high-carb recovery food, because that was when

his body was ready to convert the glucose to

muscle glycogen, not store it as fat,” Wright con-

tinues. “His training volume was much higher than

Durant’s, and with all that training, he started drop-

ping weight like crazy. But if we hadn’t timed his

nutrition, he wouldn’t have been able to recover

from those intense sessions to sustain the work-

load that helped him lose 73 pounds.”

LOSS & GAINLOSS & GAIN

“Over 15 years, we looked at one main question: How does the timing of nutrition relative to exercise influence

glycogen storage and protein synthesis? The answers became the basis for the nutrient timing system.”


NUTRITION

line, if the athlete is practicing or play-ing at 70 percent of VO2 max, he or she needs to consume about 200 to 300 mil-liliters of fluid every 20 minutes.”

Ivy’s next piece of advice, however, differs from standard protocol: He sug-gests focusing on drinks that contain

some protein during exercise. “Not ev-eryone agrees, but we’ve found that a small amount of protein during a work-out helps reduce muscle damage and soreness and may actually improve per-formance,” he says.

For an athlete in the weightroom, protein becomes even more of a focus. “Right before a weightroom workout, I recommend that athletes consume a

carbohydrate-containing sports drink that is two to three percent protein,” Ivy says. “It will reduce muscle dam-age and help protein synthesis post-ex-ercise. During the workout, the athlete should continue hydrating by drinking water or a sports drink.”

The anabolic phase: While the ath-lete works out, three key things happen in his or her body that prepare it for a transition from catabolism to anabo-lism. First, a large number of glucose transporters move to the outside of the cells’ plasma membrane, ready to pick up any glucose that enters the blood-stream and transport it to the muscles where it can be used to replenish glyco-

anabolic phase, and the growth phase. Each comes with its own set of nutri-tion recommendations based on what’s happening within the athlete’s body.

The energy phase: In nutrient tim-ing parlance, the part of the day when an athlete is working out or compet-ing is called the energy phase. During this time, the body is using high levels of three hormones—cortisol, catechol-amine, and glucagon—to break down muscle glycogen, liver glycogen, and adipose tissue, sending them to hard-working muscles. This breakdown state is known as catabolism.

The main advice for nutritional in-take during this phase is no surprise. “First and foremost, hydration is im-portant,” Ivy says. “Replacing carbohy-drates and electrolytes is the next goal, so we recommend ingesting that fluid in the form of a sports drink containing four to six percent carbohydrate and a basic electrolyte combination.

“More specific nutrition recommen-dations during the energy phase vary somewhat based on what kind of exer-cise the athlete is performing and how intense it is,” Ivy continues. “As a guide-

The body will not automatically transition from catabolism to anabolism when the athlete stops working out. “Post-exercise, catabolic hormones are still high and the body is still breaking down muscle protein. It won’t really start recovering ... until you put the right nutrients in.”

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Untitled-2 1 8/8/07 11:39:22 AM

Circle No. 113


NUTRITION

gen stores. Next, the athlete’s sensitivity to insulin steadily increases, preparing muscles for even better glycogen stor-age. Lastly, the athlete’s body gears up

to synthesize new proteins, a function it can perform faster post-exercise than at any other time. “Thanks to these fac-tors, even when the body is in a cata-bolic state, it’s preparing for a period of intense anabolism, or rebuilding, right after exercise,” Ivy says.

However, there’s a catch. The body will not automatically transition from catabolism to anabolism when the ath-lete stops working out. “Post-exercise, catabolic hormones are still high and the body is still breaking down mus-cle protein,” Ivy says. “It won’t really start recovering until you do something about it—and doing something means

aerobic output, in addition to consum-ing enough fluid to replace 150 percent of what they lost, athletes need between 1.0 and 1.5 grams of carbohydrate per kilogram of body weight (depending on how hard they worked out). And they need 0.3 to 0.4 grams of protein per ki-logram of body weight. After weight-room sessions, the recommendations are essentially the same, but with a slightly higher emphasis on protein—0.5 grams per kilogram of body weight.

Two hours later, it’s important for the athlete to eat again. “This should be a light meal, and it should contain both protein and carbohydrate,” Ivy says. “This keeps the process of anabolism going. Over the two hours since their post-exercise nutrients, the concen-tration of amino acids in the athlete’s blood have dropped, along with insu-lin and glucose levels. The second meal causes them to spike again and keeps the recovery process going.”

The growth phase: What about the rest of the day? Four hours post-exer-cise, the athlete should eat another light meal. Then, over the next 16 hours, he or she needs to eat every few hours,

putting the right nutrients in. “If you provide the right nutrients

immediately, you can convert the cata-bolic state to a highly anabolic state in

which the athlete rapidly increases mus-cle glycogen and protein synthesis,” he continues. “But if you delay the nutri-ents, even if you provide them later on, you’ll never get the same effect. Once you miss the window, it’s gone.”

The size of the window is not an ex-act science. “We know that waiting two hours to provide the nutrients is way too long,” he says. “But is half an hour better than 45 minutes? We’re not sure. My personal belief is, the sooner the better. The quicker you interrupt the catabolic state, the better.”

What are the right nutrients? After practices and competitions that focus on

Two hours later, it’s important for the athlete to eat again. “This should be a light meal, and it should

contain both protein and carbohydrate … This keeps the process of anabolism going.”

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Circle No. 114 Circle No. 115


NUTRITION

focusing on basic healthy nutrition. “Simply maintaining a balanced diet of carbohydrate, protein, fruits, and vegetables during that time is all that’s needed,” Ivy says.

MAKING IT HAPPEN

Wright’s first step in implementing the nutrient timing system with his athletes is educating them—but he doesn’t give a lecture on cortisol, glycogen, and me-tabolism. “When you start talking that way, you lose them,” he says. “Instead, I use analogies they can quickly under-stand and I break down the recommen-dations to make them simpler.”

To encourage athletes to fuel through-out the day and during workouts, Wright tells them to think of their bod-ies as racecars. “A car needs to start the race fully fueled and the driver needs to keep fueling to maintain performance,” he says. “I explain the recommenda-tions about carbs and protein by telling them they can’t just put anything in the gas tank—the fuel has to be the right formula or the car won’t run well.”

To help athletes focus on fueling during the anabolic period, Wright

describes the post-exercise time as a window that’s closing. “I tell them, ‘At the end of your workout, all the win-dows in your muscles are wide open for about 45 minutes. When you put nu-trients in then, they can accept them and replace all the energy you just used up,’” he says. “‘But as the 45 minutes tick away, the windows start to close. When you put nutrients in after that, it’s like trying to push them through a closed window—it just doesn’t work.’”

To ensure that they take advantage of

the window, Wright provides a sports drink with both carbohydrate and pro-tein to each athlete immediately af-ter practices and workouts and makes sure they drink it. “They’re thirsty and probably don’t feel like eating, so this is the best way for them to get the nutri-

ents they need,” he says. Bob Seebohar, MS, RD, CSCS, a di-

etician with the U.S. Olympic Com-mittee who served as the University of Florida’s Director of Sport Nutrition in 2005-06, agrees that getting ath-letes to consume post-exercise nutrition can be difficult. “They don’t feel like eating, and scheduling can be a prob-lem, too,” he says. “When they leave the field, they go to get treatments, sit in an ice bath, or take a shower—and then they’re ready to eat. But by then,

they’ve missed the window. So it’s im-portant to have something available with carbs and protein that’s easy for them to consume immediately.”

Seebohar’s solution at Florida was to provide liquid recovery meals immedi-ately after practice, including powdered

Seebohar provided liquid recovery meals immediately after practice, including powdered drinks and milk-based fruit smoothies. “A protein-containing energy bar also works great, and so does a lean-meat sandwich.”

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Circle No. 116

drinks and milk-based fruit smoothies. “A lot of things will work, as long as they are convenient and the athlete can tolerate them,” he says. “A protein-con-taining energy bar works great, and so does a lean-meat sandwich.”

Paul Goldberg, MS, RD, CSCS, CSSD, Strength and Conditioning Coach for the NHL’s Colorado Ava-lanche, believes it’s also important to focus on mental recovery during the anabolic phase. “If a player is stressed from an intense game, his cortisol lev-

els are going to remain high, which will hamper his physical recovery,” he says. “We focus on bringing those catabolic hormones down by getting players to relax through stretching, massage ther-apy, or talking about what happened during the game. The mind and body are connected, and if a player is still stressed from the game, his stress hor-mones are not going to come down.”

For the growth phase, or the time pe-riod before the next workout or game, Wright reminds players to eat healthy

foods at regular intervals by asking them to envision their metabolism as a campfire. “We tell them they need to get the fire burning first thing in the morning by throwing some fuel on it,” he says. “And unless they put more nu-trients in regularly, the fire will burn

out, so every two or three hours, they need to throw another log on by eating some healthy food.

“It’s also helpful to provide them with some ideas for healthy meals and snacks that combine protein and carbohydrate,” Wright continues. “I give them lots of examples of foods to have two hours post-exercise, as well as tips on what to look for in a healthy dinner.”

Goldberg has taken it a step further, gathering menus from 60 to 70 restau-rants in the Denver area and other cities where his team frequently travels. “I keep them in my office,” he says. “My play-ers come in and say, ‘We’re going here to eat,’ and I can tell them exactly what they should choose and what to avoid.”

Giving athletes a chance to experi-ence the results of properly timing their nutrients can often be the best way to convince them of its value. “If you can get them to give it a try, even for a short period, they’ll usually buy in,” Ivy says. “In the short term, they’ll see even after a few days that they’re recovering bet-ter from their workouts, are less sore, and have more energy for their next workout. In the longer run, after about three months, they’ll see big strength and performance gains.”

NUTRITION PERIODIZATION

The nutrient timing system provides

“We wouldn’t think of asking an athlete to train the same way day in and

day out over the course of a year. But when you look

at an athlete’s nutrition, often you’ll find they’re

eating the same way week in and week out,

regardless of how their training changes.”


NUTRITION

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Untitled-5 1 8/9/07 3:50:23 PM

Circle No. 117


NUTRITION

guidance over the course of a day, but athletes also need to time their nutri-tion for the bigger picture. Different phases of the year place different de-mands on athletes’ bodies, and to re-spond optimally, they must adjust what they eat to match. Seebohar has been studying this concept for nine years, and in 2004, he authored a book, Nu-trition Periodization for Endurance Athletes: Taking Traditional Sports Nutrition to the Next Level, to sum-marize his conclusions.

“We’re all familiar with periodiza-tion as it relates to training cycles, and we wouldn’t think of asking an athlete to train the same way day in and day out over the course of a year,” says Seebo-har. “But when you look at an athlete’s nutrition, often you’ll find they’re eating the same way week in and week out, re-gardless of how their training changes. That sets them up for trouble.”

Seebohar suggests thinking of train-ing cycles like waves, with times of high-er volume and intensity as the peaks, and times of lower intensity as the val-leys. If an athlete’s nutritional intake is a constant—a straight line through the

waves—they’ll be taking in too little nutrition during the peaks and then eat-ing too much during the valleys.

“An athlete who ignores nutrition pe-riodization will often be left without enough energy to complete workouts, or they’ll be gaining weight and they won’t understand why,” Seebohar says. “Both can hurt their performance.

“To avoid those pitfalls, nutrition needs to vary along with training cycles,” he continues. “Whenever there is a volume or intensity change, you should imple-ment a corresponding nutrition change.”

Preseason: When athletes’ training vol-ume and intensity are highest, the em-phasis is on consuming enough nutrients to sustain the workload. Seebohar stress-

es daily preparation for workouts, urging athletes to fuel up one to two hours before a training session. He also emphasizes re-covery using nutrient timing concepts.

In-season: Once athletes are com-peting, their training volume usually goes down and the goal is to maintain the strength and endurance they have built. At this point, it’s time to reduce

calories. However, athletes still need a steady stream of energy, so Seebohar recommends stressing smaller, more frequent meals and avoiding long peri-ods without a meal or snack.

“I can’t tell you how many high school and college athletes I meet who eat once a day,” Seebohar says. “To re-cover from game to game, they need to

“I can’t tell you how many high school and college athletes I meet who eat once a day. To recover from game to game, they need to eat every two or three hours. It doesn’t have to be a full meal—it can be a piece of fruit and a granola bar.”

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Circle No. 118


NUTRITION

eat every two or three hours. It doesn’t have to be a full meal—it can be a piece of fruit and a granola bar. This works great during the competitive season, because frequent eating causes them to naturally curb their calories a little bit while still maintaining energy.”

Hydration is another big focus in-season. “Athletes who were doing great with hydrating in the preseason can forget to maintain it in-season,” Seebo-har says. “I tell them to carry a water bottle, and make sure they’re urinating every two to three hours. If they’re not,

they aren’t drinking enough.” Off-season: Reduced training can

easily lead to unwanted weight gain, so athletes need another plan for this time period. “If they have at least three to four weeks when they’re not doing very much training, it’s critical to alter their eating to reflect that,” Seebohar says. “That is the time when their weight can start creeping up, and if you don’t control the calories, they’ll arrive at preseason train-ing needing to lose 20 pounds.”

Preventing weight gain entails adding lots of fruits and vegetables to boost fi-

ber, which makes athletes feel full. It also means making sure they include a lean protein source every time they eat, rath-er than filling up on carbohydrates alone. “In the off-season, I tell athletes they should never be eating from just one food group,” Seebohar says. “Every time they eat, they need some carbs, some lean pro-tein, and a fruit or vegetable.”

Implementing nutrition periodiza-tion also requires communicating about it frequently. “Start by explaining the concepts—just the idea that their eating needs to vary with their training will be new to most,” Seebohar says. “Then keep them abreast of changes that are coming up and why. For example, a few weeks before the end of the season, give them a heads-up that you’re going to ask them to change the way they eat. Always give them a road map for where you’re going with their nutrition.”

“Talking with athletes about this con-cept is key,” Goldberg agrees. “When it comes to nutrition, I have found that the more I educate my players and the more they know what to expect, the more likely they are to follow my rec-ommendations.” ■

Looking for more of what Training & Conditioning offers?

Check out our revised and expanded Web site at:www.Training-Conditioning.com

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Many dietary supplements, including vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and herbs, are claimed to aid

health and improve the performance of athletes. While some dietary supplements may be safe and provide the benefi ts claimed, others may be ineffective, dangerous, or contain ingredients banned by athletic organizations. Considering the plentiful and sometimes confusing information that is available regarding dietary supplements, it can be challenging for athletes to sort out trustworthy information. Sports health professional should educate athletes on how to evaluate dietary supplements and how to make knowledgeable decisions when choosing supplements.

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) does not review dietary supplements for safety, effectiveness, purity, or potency before the supplements are marketed. As a result, athletes can never be absolutely sure of the purity or contents of the supplements. In addition, the wording on some supplement labels are often impressive to athletes seeking a performance advantage. Some products tout “natural” ingredients, but many athletes fail to realize that “natural” does not necessarily mean “safe”. Some product ingredients (even natural ingredients) may interact with prescription drugs, over-the-counter medications, or other supplements causing serious adverse effects.1 Athletic trainers and physicians should pay special attention to what their athletes are using because some supplements can have undesirable effects during surgery.

Finally, some supplements may contain ingredients not declared on the label that could cause unsuspecting athletes to test positive for banned substances.2 There are several ways that supplement use can cause an athlete to unintentionally test positive for doping. In most cases, the contamination occurs during the production process due to poor manufacturing practices, but there is also evidence of deliberate alteration of products by manufacturers.2 The Medical Commission of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) found that of 634 non-hormonal nutritional supplements tested from 13 different countries, 94 (14.8%) contained substances that were not listed on the label and that would have led to a positive doping test.3

Tips for Choosing a Supplement:

Do Research. Sports health professionals can guide their athletes to sources such as www.consumerlab.com, www.cfsan.fda.gov, and www.ais.org.au/nutrition/Supplements.asp to obtain information about supplements they are considering. Some independent labs provide test results and information to help athletes and sports health professionals evaluate and select dietary supplements.

Generally, products are tested against four standards:

• Identity – to ensure the supplement meets recognized standards of quality;

• Strength – to confi rm that the supplement contains the amount of ingredient claimed on the label;

• Purity – to verify that the supplement is free of contaminants;

• Availability – to make sure that the supplement breaks apart properly so that it may be used by the body.

Look for well-known and trusted brands. Nationally known food and drug manufacturers who also market supplements generally produce supplements under the strict quality control procedures they already have in place. Such manufacturers can be contacted by phone or via their web sites and should be able to demonstrate that the product passes tests for content potency, purity, and uniformity. If the company does not answer questions or address complaints, athletes should not use the product.2

Disregard supplements with unclear or confusing product claims. The supplement label should provide accurate and appropriate information. If statements are unclear or the label makes unlikely claims, it is doubtful that the company follows good quality control procedures. Athletes should be wary if the claims for the product sound too good to be true. No dietary supplement can guarantee that its use will result in measurable changes in an athletes individual performance.2

Sports health professionals should teach athletes to consider the total diet fi rst – no supplement can replace eating a wide variety of healthy food. Further, sports health professionals should recommend that athletes check with a doctor, pharmacist, or registered dietitian before using a supplement and encourage athletes to read the supplement label, follow all directions, and heed any warnings.2

Educating Athletes to be Supplement SavvyEllen Coleman, M.P.H., M.A., R.D., CSSD Sports Dietitian for The Sport Clinic and consultantto the Los Angeles Lakers, Angels and Kings professional sports teams.

References1 National Consumers League. A consumer’s guide to dietary supplements. http://www.nclnet.org/

dietsuppsbrochure.pdf2 Maughan, R. Contamination of dietary supplements and positive drug tests in sport. J Sports Sci 23:883-9, 2005.3 Geyer, H., et al. Analysis of non-hormonal nutritional supplements for anabolic-androgenic steroids - results of

an international study. Int J Sports Med 25:124-9, 2004.

GSSI_TC1706.indd 1 8/14/07 5:31:06 PM


LEADERSHIP

BY BONNIE SIPLE & SCOTT ZEMA

How do you balance the needs of a curriculum program and an athletic training department? Slippery Rock University has blended the two groups into one.

For better or worse, for richer or poorer, in sick-ness and in health … Here at Slippery Rock Universi-ty, we sometimes joke that

athletic trainers should take vows be-fore joining our staff.

Why? Because all five of us are com-mitted to working together toward a lofty goal that takes a lot of dedication. Our mission is to educate future certi-fied athletic trainers within accredita-tion standards and also provide medical coverage for an NCAA Division II ath-letic department. And we do this not by

Bonnie Siple, MS, ATC, is Coordinator of

the Athletic Training Education Program and

Athletic Trainer for women’s lacrosse, and

Scott Zema, MEd, ATC, is Coordinator of

Clinical Education and Athletic Trainer for

football at Slippery Rock University. They

can be reached at: www.sru.edu/ers.

splitting tasks between medical cover-age and teaching, but rather by blend-ing them together.

Many colleges and universities have separate athletic training education programs and athletic training depart-ments. What we are attempting at SRU is to make the two programs one, with-out adding staff—or needing marriage counseling!

Although this structure may take more communication, we are finding it benefits our students in a huge way. Our student-athletes receive medical care from an experienced staff and our

athletic training students gain a broad-er educational experience.

OUR STORY

Years ago, we employed a more tradi-tional system. Two athletic training faculty members were housed in an

Class & ClinicClass & ClinicDAVE MILLER

Slippery Rock University Athletic Trainer and Instructor Kimberly Keeley, MS, ATC, evaluates a softball athlete while athletic training student Christa George looks on.

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Circle No. 120


LEADERSHIP

academic department. One taught and serviced a team, while the other taught and served as program director of our athletic training education program (ATEP). Two other athletic trainers were housed under athletics and ser-viced the athletic department only, with no teaching responsibilities.

Like so many other colleges and uni-versities, we dealt with the usual con-flicts that arise between two sets of people who have differing responsi-bilities and goals. The shared desire to educate future athletic training profes-sionals, as noble as it is, was not a suf-ficient glue to hold us together in the face of any disagreements that came up. As a result, the faculty and staff did not enjoy the healthiest of working relation-ships. Secondary to that, although our

ATEP students were successful, they did not enjoy the level of benefits they should have had from us.

To resolve these conflicts, the admin-istration created the opportunity for us to shift the paradigm of our program structure. Essentially, they took us off opposing teams and placed us on the same team: All athletic trainers became housed under the academic department responsible for our ATEP.

The Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education helped with this en-deavor by allowing all athletic trainers to fall under the umbrella of the faculty union. We all became faculty members housed within an academic department and under the guidance of a depart-ment chair.

Additionally, we discarded the tradi-

tional terms “Head Athletic Trainer” and “Assistant Athletic Trainer.” No one individual was placed in a position of authority over another, thus leveling the playing field and forcing us to work collectively through our differences.

Instead of adhering to specific titles, each of us assumed a role and set of re-sponsibilities necessary for successfully implementing an accredited ATEP and servicing our athletics programs. One of us serves as ATEP coordinator, an-other as athletic training services co-ordinator, a third as medical services coordinator, and another as clinical ed-ucation coordinator. The fifth person assists in coordinating the ATEP pro-gram. But all of us are responsible for coverage of one or more athletic teams, all of us teach classes, and all of us su-

When considering a structure where ath-

letic trainers are not housed in the

athletic department, an obvious question

is, “How do you handle conflicts with the coach-

es?” This is probably one of our most consistent

unresolved issues.

We rarely experience conflicts with our more ten-

ured coaches. They understand the athletic trainer’s

role and tend to handle their concerns directly with

whomever covers their sport. But we do sometimes

run into problems with newer coaches. They have a

tendency to play athletic trainer roulette when they

don’t like the way their assigned athletic trainer is

responding to them.

In response, we are working hard to educate

new coaches about how we work. We are taking

the time to explain the athletic trainer’s role in gen-

eral and how we work at SRU specifically.

We are also addressing any coaching com-

plaints as a team. If approached by a coach with

a concern that involves another athletic trainer, we

refer the coach back to his or her assigned athletic

trainer for resolution of the conflict. If that doesn’t

work, the coach is welcome to address his or her

concerns with the athletic trainer responsible for

coordinating athletic training services.

It is always our goal to resolve conflicts with

coaches at the lowest level and not involve the ath-

letic director, our department chair, or especially our

dean. As conflicts remain unresolved, we work our

way up the chain of command until the conflict is

resolved. Fortunately, that happens very rarely.

Another strategy we are using is the develop-

ment of a new policy and procedure manual for

coaches. We have followed a manual for many

years within the guidelines of our ATEP and univer-

sity health center. However, those policies have not

traditionally included the athletic department with

any great detail. We are now in the writing stages

of preparing a separate policy and procedure man-

ual for the coaches, athletic department staff, and

athletes to improve our relationship with them and

create less opportunity for misinformation.

Additionally, we attempt to participate in team

building activities with the athletic department. For

example, at the end of each academic year, the ath-

letic department has a two-day retreat, which they

include us in.

Finally, the athletic director and our depart-

ment chair meet annually to review and evaluate

the “state of the union” between our two depart-

ments. Ultimately, communication is as critical to our

relationship with the coaches and athletic adminis-

tration as it is within our academic department.

CONFLICTS WITH COACHESCONFLICTS WITH COACHES

Untitled-2 1 4/3/07 6:50:57 PM

pervise athletic training students as Ap-proved Clinical Instructors (ACIs).

The difference between our structure and a traditional one may seem subtle, but how it plays out is not. It allows us to be united by the same goals of edu-cating and providing healthcare, which leads to a different type of camaraderie on the sidelines and in the classroom. We all get to mentor our students in the classroom and clinical settings. And we all get to model appropriate behaviors and professional attributes. The educa-tional goals then become clearer to our students, allowing them a deeper learn-ing experience.

BUILDING A TEAM

In this structure, teamwork is para-mount to our success. Relationships take work, and ours are no exception. Many of the ideas we now use to build teamwork were learned from mistakes we made along the way, especially with regard to communication.

Breakdown in communication results in the breakdown of our team, so we have set up systems to communicate both quantitatively and qualitatively.

First, we make communicating a pri-ority. All athletic trainers meet formal-ly each week to discuss academic and athletic issues. We also communicate one-on-one almost daily in the athlet-

ic training facilities during sport cover-age. And we don’t hesitate to pick up our cell phones, text message, or send an e-mail any time we have information to pass on or a question to ask.

Just having the opportunity to talk with each other is not sufficient to cre-ate successful communication, however. Next, we work at having quality com-munication. For example, something as simple as calling for agenda items from each member of the team before week-ly meetings, preparing an agenda, and then providing that agenda to each oth-er ahead of time is extremely helpful in

facilitating effective exchanges in our meetings. Although the coordinator of the ATEP runs these meetings, every-one works at making them an effective and efficient use of our time.

We also work hard on communicat-ing with those outside of our athletic training team. All athletic trainers at-tend departmental faculty meetings and college meetings in order to remain vested as faculty members within the department and the college. Addition-ally, the athletic training services coor-dinator attends all athletics department meetings and communicates with the athletic director as needed, relaying in-formation to the rest of us.

Along with focusing on communica-tion, we have enhanced our teamwork by talking about our roles and work-

Next, we work at having quality communication. For example, something as simple as calling for agenda items from each member of the team before weekly meetings is extremely helpful.

LEADERSHIP

Untitled-2 1 4/3/07 6:50:57 PM

Circle No. 121

ing relationships. For example, we have spent time as a group talking about the book, Good to Great: Why Some Com-panies Make the Leap … and Others Don’t, by Jim Collins. He compares an

organization to a bus. You must put the right people on the bus, the right peo-ple in the right seats, and have everyone in agreement about the destination and the route you will follow to get there. That analogy has been a great outline in guiding our employment process and program assessment.

Another valuable philosophy for us was found in the book, Soar with Your Strengths, by Donald Clifton and Pau-la Nelson. Their philosophy is to build on each person’s strengths in your or-

ganization to arm and empower them to be successful. The wrong people in the wrong place doing the wrong things will not allow for a successful outcome. Even the right people in the right place

doing the wrong thing makes success difficult to achieve.

To help us put the right people in the right place doing the right things, we have sometimes brought in a facilita-tor. This person administers the Myers-Briggs Personality Inventory to each of us and then discusses with us the dif-ferent ways we interact with each other based on our personality type.

For example, because one of us has an interest in educational leadership and administration, this person serves

as director of the ATEP. Because an-other person enjoys working with phy-sicians and the health center (and has extensive experience in it), she has as-sumed the role of medical coordinator.

When time and budget allow, we also try to employ team building proj-ects. Our campus sponsors a leadership training program that includes outdoor adventure activities combined with teamwork exercises, which has helped us to grow as a group.

EFFECT ON STUDENTS

How does working on our relationships as athletic trainers benefit our students? Because we have the right people in the right seats on the bus, and because we know our destination and route, we are more successful in getting to that destination. Ultimately, our ATEP stu-dents are passengers on the bus with us, learning to become excellent athlet-ic trainers themselves while we care for our student-athletes.

A common thread of conversation during our athletic training faculty meetings revolves around the students, whether it be the general athletic train-

Overall, we have eliminated the black and white to operate in the gray. Yes, we still have our

conflicts and failures … However, those challenges belong equally to all of us, thus we must

resolve them equally among us.

Untitled-3 1 1/22/07 2:36:10 PM

LEADERSHIP

Circle No. 122


LEADERSHIP

in our students a sense of importance for both their book learning and clini-cal skills. They can also directly observe that we practice what we preach.

When it comes to gaining respect from coaches and athletic administra-tors, we’ve found it’s helped a lot that we are all faculty members. Athletic de-partment staff appreciate the fact that we work within an accredited ATEP re-sponsible for educating future certified athletic trainers. And they can also see that we are advocates for their teams and caring for their athletes every day. They recognize that our dual roles as teachers and practitioners do not come at the cost of the healthcare we deliver to their student-athletes.

As our students start to look for jobs, our dual roles again assist them. It is to our students’ advantage that pro-spective employers receive recommen-dations from individuals who know the students very well. As faculty, we can address the students’ success in the classroom. As staff athletic trainers, we can address the students’ critical think-ing, clinical skills, ability to react to any situation, and work ethic.

EQUALLY AMONG US

Overall, we have eliminated the black and white to operate in the gray. Yes, we still have our conflicts and fail-ures. We struggle with how to main-tain our accreditation and academic integrity, and how to achieve tenure and promotion, without sacrificing the quality of healthcare we deliver to our athletes. However, those challeng-es belong equally to all of us, thus we must resolve them equally among us.

Just as important, our successes are celebrated together. When our stu-dents pass the Board of Certification (BOC) exam on the first attempt, we all celebrate. When one of our teams wins the conference championship, we all celebrate.

At the end of the ATEP students’ ride with us, we hope they are prepared to pass the BOC examination with ease. More importantly, we hope they are pre-pared to competently, ethically, and pro-fessionally practice as certified athletic trainers. We feel that the blending of our roles allows them the greatest chance for success as they begin their careers, and as they continue them in the future. ■

ing student population, the student-ath-letes, or one or two individuals who have inspired our focus. Student concerns (or successes) do not warrant only the atten-tion of the program coordinator or that of the supervising ACIs—they warrant the attention of all the athletic trainers. By discussing these issues, everyone is on the same page on how to work with a student, tackle a specific problem, or emphasize a new idea. This helps us in-crease the quality of our interactions with students and student-athletes.

Since our program does not distin-guish between the traditional faculty and staff roles, SRU students have the unique opportunity to learn from the same fac-ulty in both the classroom and clinical settings. This fosters a relationship be-tween the student and athletic trainer that allows for the acculturation of the student into the profession. Additional-ly, it increases consistency between what is taught in the classroom and what is practiced in the clinical setting.

We also think it’s advantageous for our athletic training students to see how their professors are able to meet the needs of both departments. It ingrains

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Circle No. 123

BY ABIGAIL FUNK

Abigail Funk is an Assistant Editor at

Training & Conditioning. She can be

reached at: [email protected].

When teams are in the weightroom for off-season and preseason workout s , mos t strength coaches have

a nicely scheduled progression in place. The athletes come in on specific days at specific times, conforming to a consistent schedule. Everything flows smoothly: each athlete is making strength gains, the sport coach is happy to see progress, and the schedule remains consistent.

Then the season starts, and chaos ensues. One week, there is travel and several games, the next week, tough practices leave the players exhausted. Every week is a little different from the last, and sport coaches devote less and less time to thinking about strength training.

Let the Season BeginOnce a sport season gets underway, strength and conditioning can easily be overlooked. That’s why you need a special plan for in-season weight training.

So what is a strength coach to do? How are you supposed to help athletes stay strong and healthy when dealing with constant interruptions? During in-season training, keeping your weight-room schedule organized, remaining flexible, and communicating with the coaching staffs are absolute musts.

PHILOSOPHY MODIFICATION

As athletes and sport coaches adjust to their in-season demands, you should do the same. Addressing your training phi-losophy is a great place to start. Most strength coaches agree that once com-petitions and games begin, it is not an ideal time to target maximum strength gains. Instead, the main goals during this period should be maintenance and recovery. Some athletes will continue to

gain strength, and that’s great, but it’s no longer the top priority.

“During the season, we reduce our volume in two ways,” says Bryan Mc-Govern, MS, CSCS, Head Strength and Conditioning Coach at Binghamton University. “We decrease the number of days we work out—most of our teams go from three to two days a week. And we reduce the volume of work within the workout—if I have a team coming right from practice, I’m going to limit their volume to avoid fatigue.

“In-season, I err on the side of do-ing too little rather than too much, no matter the sport,” McGovern contin-


OPTIMUM PERFORMANCE

CHRIS MURPHY

BalancedBody_TC1706.indd 1 8/8/07 2:37:18 PM

Pilates and the Elite Athlete: Finding that Extra Competitive EdgeBY KEN ENDELMAN

It’s that nth degree – a percentage point in increased power or a quarter second shaved off a qualifying time – that more oft en than not is the diff erence between victory and defeat, or between an excellent athlete and a truly elite one. But how to get that that little bit of extra strength or balance when training top-level athletes?

For Joerg Chabowski, ACSM, the secret to that competitive edge is Pilates. He has helped trained several world class athletes, including 2004 Olym-pic gold medalist boxer Andre Ward and U.S. junior champion fi gure skater Justin Dillon.

Chabowski‘s the founder of Pro-Function, a company specializing in Pilates and strength and condition-ing coaching. He’s also co-founder of the Work-ing Body, a Pilates, personal training, massage and chiropractic studio, and Integrated Teacher Training, a Pilates certifi cation and continuing-education program that features curriculum for instructors wanting to train top level athletes.

He’s in good company. Many trainers of top-level athletes are turning toward Pilates. Originally a rehabilitation system devised by Joseph Pilates for WWI soldiers, it’s a form of exercise that emphasizes the balanced development of the body through core strength, fl exibility, and awareness, in order to support effi cient movement. Th e core consists of the deep ab-dominal muscles along with the muscles closest to the spine. Control of the core is achieved by integrating the trunk, pelvis and shoulder girdle as a single unit.

For Chabowski there’s no doubt that Pilates and core strength can give a top level athlete that extra surge or push to put them over the top:

“An excellent training tool…” “Pilates as a method is an excellent training tool for athletes because it addresses the body as a whole instead of focusing in one area. It integrates the core and the dynamic muscles that are used to perform an activity. Th is helps athletes tap into their deeper layers of muscles and really maximize their performance.”

When a trainer looks at an athlete – even top-tier ath-letes – they oft en fi nd that strength can be lacking in the deep core muscles, despite being strong in the dynamic muscle areas such as biceps, triceps etc. “I fi nd that ath-letes, more than any other type of person, have muscular imbalances. Th ey are doing the same rigorous activity over and over again which leads to some muscles getting stronger while others weaken, “ says Chabowski. “Pi-lates, as a total body-conditioning tool, is great for cor-recting these imbalances. It brings everything together in the deep muscle layer, giving the body more stability so the outer or skeletal muscles can function better.”

Chabowski also lauds the versatility of the Pilates method because the same exercises can be used for dif-ferent outcomes depending on the sport and the athlete.

“I use the techniques with the mind-set of intent. What exactly am I trying to accomplish here? You can do a Pilates exercise – the hundred, for example – but what is your intent for that client? Th at’s what your outcome is based on. For diff erent clients you are going to have diff erent outcomes even if it is the same exercise.”

For the athletes he trains, Chabowski creates a tailored program designed to meet the best intention for each individual athlete. In that instance Pilates is the delivery method and the program he designs within the method’s parameters will provide the desired outcome. Th e fi rst component in creating that program is evaluat-ing the athlete.

Assessing the AthleteWhen clients come to Chabowski, the fi rst thing he does is give them a very thorough assessment, looking at fl exibility, muscle fi ring, core integration, and muscular imbalances, and more. He then discusses the results with the athlete in the context of the client’s specifi c goals.

“Again it’s all about the intent of what you are try-ing to accomplish. I can be looking at two shoulder imbalances, one on a cyclist and one on a boxer. Even though they may have a similar ailment, I‘ll have to address each very diff erently based on each athlete’s sport and what their goals are.

Examining the SportTh e second component is to look at that athlete’s particular sport in order to determine proper body mechanics, how the sport is structured in rela-tion to that person’s particular body movement, where it could cause injury, and possible trig-ger points that could lead to a potential injury.

“You assess the athlete, you discuss their goals, and then assess the sport. From that you can be-gin to design the program,“ says Chabowski.

Designing the ProgramStabilityIn most of his programs, Chabowski fi rst and foremost concentrates on core stability.

“A stable body’s the center of all effi cient movement,” says Chabowski. “Th ink of building a house, then think of the athlete as the house and a stable core as the foundation. With a weak core you going to end up with a beautiful looking house but it’s going to be shaky. It’s not going to have the substance it needs, and in the end you won’t get the results you want.”

Stability is also absolutely critical for athletes, to maximize power transfer within each movement. For example, Chabowski says, take a high-end racing bike. On a stable bike the power that is transferred from the pedal into the wheel, and then from the wheel onto the road, is very direct and very strong. It’s done with maximum force without any loss of power because there is no wasted movement. It’s the same with the body; if it’s stable the power transfer for athletes will be much more effi cient.

Strength and BalanceNext up in the program is increasing strength: “Th is is where the versatility of Pilates really shows its value as a training tool. When I work with athletes on strength or increasing power I might use the same Pilates

exercise as I did when we worked on stability. However, there ‘s a diff erent emphasis, and the exercise may be modifi ed for the best results within this emphasis.” Chabowski also makes sure to include various balance exercises as a complement to the strength and stability components of his programs.

Injury preventionBased on the nature of the sport and the degree of mus-cular imbalances (a primary cause of injury) an athlete might have, Chabowski adds exercises to diminish those imbalances. In fact, because Pilates stresses fl exibility and an even musculature, it’s becoming a critical injury

prevention tool for many teams in the NBA, NFL, MLB and NHL, as it helps an athlete stay on the fi eld and out of the trainer’s room.

Working with WardTo illustrate how his Pilates and stability pro-gram worked for a particular athlete, Chabowski references his experience working with boxer Andre Ward before the 2004 Olympics.

“His trainer actually came in and took Pilates for himself fi rst. He saw the benefi ts of core strength and stability and brought Andre in. He’s a tremendous physical specimen with an already successful strength and power development program in place. My piece of the puzzle was working with Ward on core integration and stability,” says Chabowski.

As an elite boxer Ward had good core stabil-ity but wanted more – that little extra edge

that would allow him to be the best he could be. “By just having a tiny bit more stability you can gener-ate more power in a punch using the same amount of strength. He just needed to increase his core stability by a little to maximize that performance.”

Chabowski had Ward go back to the basics: “I basically had him pretend that that he didn’t know anything about moving his body the right way. He was very patient in trying to re-learn how to get “into” his body in order to get even more out of it.” Th e goal of the program was for Ward to attain muscular co-contraction of the pelvic fl oor, the transverses and multifi di, by integrating their movements as a single unit, thus providing Ward with optimal stability.

Incorporating work on the Reformer, Trapeze Table and mat, Chabowski had Ward start by doing small movements using basic Pilates exercises like bridg-ing and pulling the navel down to the spine. Th e next step was working on exercises that focused on taking that “fi rst engagement” of the core and transferring it out through the rest of the body.

Th e results speak for themselves. Ward won the gold medal in the light heavyweight division at the 2004 Olympics and is currently undefeated as a professional.

“Pilates fl at out works,” says Chabowski, “and not just for top-level athletes. Everyone from teens to grandparents will benefi t from that type of founda-tional work, whether the goal is increasing strength and fl exibility, alleviating back pain, or any of the other numerous health advantages Pilates off ers.”

Ken Endelman is the CEO and Founder of Balanced Body Inc.

Want to learn more about how to incorporate Pilates into your training regimen? Visit: www.pilates.com

BalancedBody_TC1706.indd 1 8/8/07 2:37:18 PM


OPTIMUM PERFORMANCE

ues. “Football, for example, is a very physical sport and there’s a lot of wear and tear on the body as the season goes on. With a sport like baseball, while there is no physical contact, overuse in-juries are prevalent. In-season, focusing on recovery through lighter workouts is most important for us.”

Derik Budig, MS, SCCC, Head Strength and Conditioning Coach at Northern State University, agrees.

However, he still wants his athletes to get stronger as the season progresses.

“Often, the sport coach thinks lift-ing should take a back seat during the in-season, which is true to a certain degree, but it takes the average person only 72 hours away from the weight-

room to see atrophy in the muscle,” Budig says. “When a team prepares so well then suddenly stops, the ‘use it or lose it’ adage comes in and poor perfor-mance results.”

Keith D’Amelio, Head Strength Coach for the NBA’s Toronto Raptors, has the luxury of carefully tailoring an in-season plan for each player. “The team plays a game pretty much every other day of the week during the sea-

son, and when you factor in traveling, it’s very demanding for our veteran guys who play 35 to 40 minutes a night,” he explains. “More than anything, those guys need recovery time. However, for the younger guys and players who aren’t getting as many minutes, my in-season philosophy doesn’t really change from the off-season—they need to put in the

work to become stronger and improve. “It’s the in-between guys who play

20 minutes one night and zero minutes two nights later that are tough to plan for,” D’Amelio continues. “I don’t want to overwork them, but they can’t just slide by either.”

You will also need to decide if your in-season training philosophy includes game-day lifting. Patrick McHenry, MA, CSCS*D, Head Strength and Con-ditioning Coach at Castle View High School in Castle Rock, Colo., is a pro-ponent of the idea. “There is research out there that shows positive effects to lifting on gamedays,” he says. “We do a light workout with full range of motion to burn off some of that nervous energy. After the workout, the athletes should feel like they could walk right out onto that court or field and start playing.”

DEVELOPING A SCHEDULE

Perhaps the most challenging aspect of administering in-season workouts is

developing and maintaining a sched-ule. When putting together his master plan for a semester, McGovern sched-ules Binghamton’s in-season teams last. “We schedule our off-season teams first because they’re in at a set time three to four days a week, and their schedules do not change,” he says. “But our in-season teams’ schedules can be differ-ent every week—a weekend game and a Tuesday game, or no weekend game, but two weekday games—so we move their lifting days around to fit their game and travel schedules.”

Mike Nitka, MS, CSCS, USAW, Head Strength and Conditioning Coach at Muskego (Wis.) High School, says his favorite scheduling tool is one very large dry erase board. “Before each season begins, I send every one of my coaches a letter in which I introduce myself and ask them to send me a calendar of their season along with when they would like to come into the weightroom. I also ask for their roster size, and whether their assistants will be helping me super-vise,” he says. “Then I put all of their information on a dry erase board that

hangs behind my counter in the weight-room. Every team’s details are written in a different color.”

The varying colors also help the sport coaches to keep things straight. “When a coach sees there are three different colors at their time slot but none at an-other, they might switch so they can have the room to themselves,” Nitka says. “If a team is not going to be able to meet at the allotted time, I ask that the coach send a manager over so I can erase the team from the board.”

Along with a flexible schedule, you should also keep workout plans open to alteration. “We plan out what we want to do in-season and then take it week-by-week, remaining 100-percent flexible,” McGovern says. “I under-stand that depending on the coach’s whims, I will have to make changes on the fly. If a coach gives his team a day off and the athletes only get one lift in for the week, that does throw me off a little bit. But missing a training session

“It’s not uncommon for me to conduct an on-court workout immediately before or after practice. A handful of towels for manual resistance exercises is a quick and easy solution.”

SEASONS SEASONS

CHANGECHANGEHow should the intensity of workouts vary from off-season to in-season? Derek Budig, MS, SCCC, Head Strength and Conditioning Coach at Northern State University, offers his standard protocol for percentage increases (of rep max).

Off-Season

Weeks 1-3: 57-65%

Weeks 4-6: 70-85%

Weeks 7-9: 90-97.5%

Weeks 10-12: 85-105%

In-Season

Weeks 1-3: 55-60%

Weeks 4-6: 62.5-77.5%

Weeks 7-9: 72.5-90%

“We plan out what we want to do in-season and then take it week-by-week, remaining 100-percent flexible.

I understand that depending on the coach’s whims, I will have to make changes on the fly.”


OPTIMUM PERFORMANCE

is not the end of the world.“In that situation, it’s tempting to

automatically say, ‘Okay, we’ll go at it harder next week,’” continues McGov-ern. “But that’s not always the right move because maybe they have three games the following week and need the extra rest. If the coach decides to skip a workout, it’s probably for a good reason.”

Then, there’s the opposite scenario. “Say our men’s basketball team has a Wednesday road game, and Thursday’s practice is supposed to be light—may-be a shooting practice before their lift-ing session,” says Andy Zucker, Head Strength and Conditioning Coach at Old Dominion University. “But let’s say the game doesn’t go well. The coach didn’t approve of the team’s effort, so Thursday’s shooting practice turns into a grueling workout instead. Then when I get those guys after that practice, they’re exhausted.

“So I’ll change what I had planned,” he continues. “For example, we’ll start with upper body instead of the lower. Or instead of six exercises, we’ll just do four. You’ve got to be able to adapt.”

Another in-season problem can simply be finding adequate time for strength and conditioning. Budig coun-ters by sometimes bringing his work-out to the athletes. “If our basketball teams have multiple games in one week, it’s not uncommon for me to conduct a quick on-court workout immediate-ly before or after practice,” he says. “A handful of towels for manual resistance exercises is a quick and easy solution.”

When the Raptors are on the road for extended periods, D’Amelio still tries to work them out as regularly as pos-sible. “If we’re on the road for a week straight, I’ll get the guys in the hotel gym or the host team’s facilities—even if it’s just a quick workout,” he says.

When dealing with time constraints, McHenry starts by reevaluating the content of his workouts. “When I only have the athletes for a short period of time, I have to look at my program and say, ‘What exercises are going to give us the most bang for our buck?’” he says. “Usually it works well to just stick with the major muscle groups. And I know they’ll get sport specific exercises dur-ing practice.”

During those stretches of bumpy road, McGovern says it’s important to keep in mind that student-athletes are students first. “Our student-ath-

letes’ first priority is school,” he says. “Strength and conditioning just hap-pens to go along with their sport. We have to remember that the classroom comes first, then the court or the field, and finally the weightroom.”

COACH COMMUNICATION

Another key to getting the most out of the in-season months is being on the same page as the sport coach. This pro-cess has to start, of course, before the season rolls around.

McHenry is moving to a new high

school this year, and is re-evaluating his interactions with coaches. “As I as-sume my new position, I’m starting the entire process over of learning how to work with coaches,” he says. “I’ve been meeting with each of them to ask what they’d like me to help them accomplish. The girls’ basketball coach, for in-stance, has a team that plays at an elite level and would like to try something new with her girls in the weightroom. Meanwhile, the football coach is just trying to have his players understand intensity in the weightroom, so we’ll

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Continuing education

Untitled-3 1 7/3/07 3:19:33 PM

Circle No. 124

stick with the basics there.“I work with each sport coach in a

different way,” McHenry continues. “Some coaches say, ‘You know what you’re doing, it’s your job, you take care of them.’ Other coaches have their own ideas about strength training, so it’s better for us to work more closely together.”

Nitka begins by asking each new sport coach for his or her training phi-losophy, which starts a season-long dia-logue. “Many coaches will bring what they did in college to our level and tell me they want to do this, that, and the other thing in the weightroom,” he says. “Sometimes I have to say, ‘Well

Coach, we don’t have this, that, and the other piece of equipment you need for those exercises.’ Then I show them how we can work around those shortcom-ings and substitute exercises that will still get at the same goal.

“I try to be as patient as I can with our coaches and remember that I once was that young guy just out of college,”

Nitka continues. “I will never confront or embarrass a coach in front of his team. I will let them finish the work-out and then ask to speak with them. I’ll say, ‘Here’s why I think this won’t work, and here’s what I think might be a better choice.’”

In all his discussions with coaches,

Zucker makes sure his ears are open as well as his mouth. “Every head coach knows the ins and outs of their sport, and you have to listen to the objectives they want to achieve with their team,” he says. “It doesn’t work to be negative toward the coach and say, ‘No, this is what is right and this is what we’re go-ing to do.’ You can still stand for what you believe in as long as you have pro-fessional flexibility.”

Nitka agrees. “If a coach goes to a clinic over the weekend and brings me back something he learned that he thinks is just the latest-and-greatest thing in training, I’ll certainly look at it,” he says. “Then I’ll ask him or her, ‘How much better is it than what we’re doing?’ I’ll again listen to what they have to say. I’ve argued with a couple of coaches, but ultimately they’re the sport coach and I’ve got to let them do what they want—as long as their choice of exercises is safe.”

McHenry tries to encourage back-and-forth dialogue. “If I find a good re-search article, I’ll put it in the coach’s mailbox,” he says. “Sometimes a coach will bring back some literature from

“Ideally, some of our ideas will overlap. Our volleyball coach, for example, uses some of the

stretches and exercises I do in the weightroom as part of his warmup, and that supports

what I do with his team when I’m working with them later on.”

Circle No. 126


OPTIMUM PERFORMANCE

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Circle No. 125

a clinic and we’ll talk about the posi-tives and negatives of the program. And sometimes a coach will come back from a workshop really excited about the great program they learned about, but it’s for a Division I college athlete, so I’ll suggest a modified, almost watered down version for our athletes instead.

“Ideally, some of our ideas will over-lap,” McHenry continues. “Our volley-ball coach, for example, uses some of the stretches and exercises I do in the weightroom as part of his warmup, and that supports what I do with his team when I’m working with them later on.”

Budig meets with each sport coach at mid-season to go over players’ strengths and weaknesses. He gives the coach a progress chart, equipped with a comment section for each ath-lete, and the two brainstorm ways to continue improving.

Zucker feels it’s key to get the sport coaches on his turf as much as possi-ble. “I encourage the coaches and as-sistants to give me a hand when I have minimal staff,” he says. “Having the coach in the weightroom is a huge symbol of accountability. It shows the

kids how important the strength train-ing program is and that it’s part of the overall package. It doesn’t have to be the head coach, the entire coaching staff, or even for the whole session, but

the support of the coaching staffs is huge for my programs.”

Budig also encourages Northern State’s coaches to at least stop in dur-ing team workouts. “If athletes see the sport coach at the workouts, they as-sume the coach buys into my program,” he says. “But I communicate to the coaching staff that if they come down to the weightroom, it’s only to help mo-tivate and monitor progress—it’s not a time to pull kids aside and ask them

about their grades or something else.”So what if you’re stuck with a head

coach who doesn’t communicate their goals and philosophy ideas to you very well, or at all? “If a head coach is a poor

communicator, that shouldn’t make you one,” Budig says. “I constantly commu-nicate with our coaching staff on test results, performance, attendance, inju-ries, attitude, and effort when their ath-letes are working with me.

“If the head coaches choose not to respond, I still continue on,” he adds. “The in-season can throw you a lot of curve balls, but you’ve got to continue being patient and making choices that are best for that particular team.” ■

“If a head coach is a poor communicator, that shouldn’t make you one. I constantly communicate with our coaching staff on test results, performance, attendance, injuries, attitude, and effort when their athletes are working with me … If the head coaches choose not to respond, I still continue on.”

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Circle No. 127

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Untitled-1 1 4/12/07 4:04:13 PM

Circle No. 128


TREATING THE ATHLETE

Casey Smith, MS, ATC, PES, CES,

is Head Athletic Trainer for the NBA’s

Dallas Mavericks. Micheal Clark, DPT,

MS, PT, CES, PES, is President and

Chief Executive Officer at the National

Academy of Sports Medicine. They can

be reached at: [email protected].

IIf you’re like most athletic trainers, your rehab cases typically deal with acute-onset injuries that have clearly defined parameters of structural damage, common

etiology, and consistent presentation. Even chronic injuries such as stress reactions or tendonopathy usually have a predictable set of signs and symptoms. Rehabilitation protocols are common and available, and a timeframe for return-to-play can be set with relative certainty.

But some cases are less straightfor-ward: the aches and pains come at seemingly random intervals. When our athletes present with chronic conditions that they have always “just dealt with,” how do we assess and treat them? Some-times the complaint is, “My knee always hurts.” Other times it’s “I have weak an-kles,” or “I just always feel tight.”

Often, the athlete gets by with some ice, electrical stimulation, and ibupro-fen. But the chronic pain is a cue that there’s an underlying condition, and the way we evaluate and treat these com-plaints can significantly impact perfor-mance and longevity. In our constant effort to prevent injuries, not just react to them, this should be viewed as an important professional challenge.

A good example involves the forma-

Starting Starting at the at the BottomBottom

GETTY IMAGES

When the complaint is recurring pain in the heel, bone spurs may be the cause. Treating this condition means looking at thefull functional capability of the athlete.

BY CASEY SMITH

& DR. MICHEAL CLARK



all desired outcomes that follow consis-tent patterns in a healthy person.

But what about the physiological re-sponses to stresses that are unwanted or not optimal for performance? Tension from structures that attach to bone is of-ten met with increased bone production

at the tension site as a protective mecha-nism, which can lead to the development of a spur. This is beneficial for maintain-ing the integrity of the attachment, but at some point it becomes detrimental to the function of the affected area. The spurring deviates from what is consid-ered “normal” anatomy and can lead to a host of orthopedic problems.

Bone spurs often occur in the heel. Other common sites in the athletic pop-ulation are at the distal attachment of the quadriceps tendon, the proximal or-igin of the long head of the biceps bra-chii tendon, the adductor tubercle on the distal femur, and the proximal ori-gin of the hamstring tendon.

What underlying factors lead to bone spurs? Let’s use the heel as an example.

tion of bone spurs. Some athletes com-pete successfully and consistently with a mild case of bone spurs, so there is a tendency to treat only the symptoms. And without a straightforward rehab protocol, there is usually not much pro-fessional guidance.

However, we must resist the urge to be satisfied with the status quo for ath-letes with this condition. Instead, we must develop unique rehab protocols that address the chronic pain and its root causes.

WHAT ARE BONE SPURS?

As year-round training and competition have become more and more common, athletes’ bodies need to adapt. We know that the body responds to the stresses placed on it—this principle is the foun-dation for strength, endurance, and flexibility gains. Muscle hypertrophies follow strenuous loading, connective tis-sue aligns and lengthens with tension, and the inherent strength of bone is in-creased by repetitive loading. These are

Tightness of the gastrocnemius-soleus complex and the plantar fascia place longitudinal stress upon the attach-ments of the connective tissue to the calcaneus. This leads to a bone spur on the plantar aspect of the foot when the plantar fascia is involved, and on the posterior heel when the common ten-don of the gastrocnemeus-soleus com-plex is involved.

Spurring can also occur extra-articu-larly, with formations at the distal fibula and tibia along the lines of stress creat-ed by ligamentous structures. X-rays re-veal that spurring in this area may limit ankle motion in eversion and inversion. Intra-articularly, spurs can occur at the talus within the sub-talar joint. They may occur anteriorly from contact with the anterior distal tibia, or posteriorly from contact with the calcaneus.

Surgical intervention is sometimes required, but in many cases when the spurring is largely asymptomatic, the condition is treated with rest and con-servative management. Reducing the tension in the connective tissue and musculo-tendinous unit is an important step in managing bone spurs, since it can prevent recurring pain and inhibit the further development of spurring.

A DEEPER LOOK

The anatomy of the ankle is complex, with multiple ligaments supporting bony structures, muscles attaching to and crossing the joints, and the arthro-kinematics of the bony structures func-tioning in all three planes of motion. In preventative therapy, we must remember the full dynamic functional components of the musculature, not merely their function in moving the insertion toward the origin in a concentric fashion.

For example, we must remain aware that the gastrocnemius and soleus per-form not only force production in plan-tar flexion of the foot and ankle, as in a jumping motion, but also take on an even greater role in force reduction, for instance when landing from a jump. Likewise, the posterior tibialis not only performs force production in plantar flexion and inversion of the foot and ankle, but also has significant responsi-bility for force reduction and stabiliza-tion of the mid foot during the stance portion of gait.

These are only two examples of how we must consider the function of the musculature as we look to control the mechanics of the foot and ankle. The

Our evaluation revealed a bilateral cavus foot (rigid, high arch), normal inversion, limited bilateral eversion,

limited bilateral dorsiflexion, and on the right, significant rigidity of the first metatarsal phalangeal joint.

BEFORE & AFTERBEFORE & AFTERThe following table reveals the case study athlete’s joint motion (in degrees) during his initial evaluation, and after nine months of treatment. Optimal values are also shown.

After

Joint Initial Treatment Optimal

R 1st MTP Extension 25 50 60

L 1st MTP Extension 50 55 60

R Talocrual -4 7 15

L Talocrual 0 9 15

R Hip Int. Rotation 20 25 30

L Hip Int. Rotation 12 25 30

R Hip Ext. Rotation 50 60 60

L Hip Ext. Rotation 50 60 60



key is to be aware of all the function-al mechanics of the muscles and joints before we formulate rehabilitation and strengthening programs. A program will only be successful if we can reduce the abnormal forces that are causing the bone spurs.

How do we find those abnormal forces? In ankle function, there are two potential problems to look for. One is increased longitudinal tension at the tendinous or ligamentous attachment—a tight Achilles complex causing a poste-rior calcaneal spur. The other is altered arthrokinematics that allow increased contact between the surface areas of adjacent bony structures—spurring at the junction of the distal tibia and ta-lus. Controlling these unwanted forces can help limit the formation of spurs.

CASE STUDY

We recently worked with a profession-al basketball player who suffered from bone spurs in his heels. A veteran who averages more than 35 minutes a game, his report revealed numerous past bilat-eral and lateral ankle sprains. He told us he’d “always had weak ankles.”

He described sporadic effusion and pain, not related to trauma and seem-ingly unrelated to activity level, in both ankles. The right ankle was more symp-tomatic than the left. He had been told that this pain was most likely due to bone spurs.

Past treatment had consisted of a re-duction in physical activity, modality treatment, and the occasional use of NSAIDs. His traumatic lateral ankle sprains had been treated with RICE protocol, restoration of range of mo-tion, strengthening of the musculature around the foot and ankle, and pro-prioceptive training.

The athlete practices and competes wearing a very rigid tape job, and has worn lace-up ankle braces at times to provide additional support, although he prefers not to. When we began working with him, he was asymptomatic.

We strongly believe in the benefits of proper screening to identify underlying problems, so that was our first step. In our screen, we look for biomechanical inconsistencies, strength deficits, and flexibility concerns.

Our evaluation revealed a bilateral

cavus foot (rigid, high arch), normal in-version, limited bilateral eversion, lim-ited bilateral dorsiflexion, and on the right, significant rigidity of the first metatarsal phalangeal joint. Strength was normal throughout, and he did not present with significant ligamentous laxity. X-rays of the ankles revealed multiple sites of spurring at the distal fibula, distal tibia, and anterior por-tions of the tibia and superior talus.

From there, we looked more closely at a few findings from his initial eval-uation. The history of chronic lateral ankle sprains would indicate ligament instability, yet the objective examina-tion revealed stable ligamentous struc-tures. In fact, we even found decreased ligamentous flexibility in certain mo-tions, even though we might guess it would be increased. What could be a predisposing factor?

When the foot is dorsiflexed, the ta-lus moves posteriorly to fill the space in the mortise of the ankle between the distal tibia and fibula. This places the talocrual joint in its most stable posi-tion. If the ankle lacks dorsiflexion, it can never get to its most stable position,

Untitled-2 1 1/11/07 5:04:38 PM

Circle No. 129

and may be susceptible to sprains. The motion restriction at the first

metatarsal-phalangeal joint also needed to be considered. Because limited mo-tion at a joint within the kinetic chain causes associated structures to incur a

greater amount of stress, we wanted to make any related insufficiencies else-where in the kinetic chain part of our treatment plan.

PLAN OF ACTION

With an idea of the problem, we de-veloped two goals for the athlete: to improve motion restriction and to strengthen any muscles inhibiting the full kinetic chain of motion. To address the first goal, we wanted to return the arthrokinematics to as near normal function as possible, so we implement-

ed joint mobilization of the subtalar joint, calcaneus, distal tibia, and fibu-la, and restriction of the right-side first metatarsal-phalangeal joint.

Anytime there are limitations in range of motion, the antagonistic mus-

cle will be functionally weak. This can be explained by the length-tension rela-tionship that exists in all muscles. Mus-cles function optimally from a certain length. Therefore, if the length of one muscle is compromised by another mus-cle (making it either too short or too long), then strength, ROM, neuromus-cular control, and power will suffer.

For example, if an athlete lacks sag-ittal plane dorsiflexion, he or she will need compensatory motion in the frontal (eversion) and transverse (external rota-tion) planes during landing and running.

Repetitive compensation in these planes leads to excessive pronation (eversion, external rotation, dorsiflexion). Repeti-tive pronation alters the length-tension relationship and changes joint arthro-kinematics—the medial malleolus and distal tibia are forced into compressive contact with the medial talus.

This compensation would function-ally lengthen the posterior tibialis, ante-rior tibialis, and medial gastrocnemius. Therefore, these muscles have to be “re-trained” to eccentrically control prona-tion (eversion, external rotation, and dorsiflexion) and isometrically control the talonavicular joint and talotibial joint to prevent abnormal joint arthro-kinematics. The soleus is then forced to work too hard. This adaptively shortens the soleus, and a muscle that is short-ened will also lack functional force production, force reduction, and stabi-lization. Therefore, the soleus needs to be re-trained in the proper ROM.

Lack of ankle dorsiflexion causes the tibia to externally rotate and the femur to adduct and internally rotate. This leads to compensatory lengthen-ing of the gluteus maximus and medi-

Muscles function optimally from a certain length. Therefore, if the length of one muscle is compromised

by another muscle, then strength, ROM, neuromuscular control, and power will suffer.

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Circle No. 130

us. Therefore, these muscles have to be re-trained to isometrically stabilize the sacroiliac and hip joints, as well as to eccentrically decelerate and control the femur during loading.

To meet our second goal, we assessed the structures connected via the kinet-ic chain. Knee mechanics and general leg strength were within normal limits. Examination at the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex revealed a decrease in internal rotation at the left hip and similar talo-crual restrictions right to left.

Traditional Treatment: After acute incidents, we implemented regular use of ice every 90 to 120 minutes around the clock in an acute setting, and five to six times daily in a sub-acute set-ting. We did this via ice packs or a cold plunge after activity.

We continued the daily taping for practices and games. Attention was paid to reducing the amount of tape that crossed the dorsum of the foot over the talocrual joint. As ascertained by the decreased range of motion, further restrictions at this area would continue to limit ROM.

To accommodate the athlete’s prefer-

ence, there was minimal use of electri-cal stimulation or NSAIDs. He also did not want to wear an ankle brace, so we did not ask him to.

Integrated Manual Therapy: During the next phase, primary attention was paid to motion restrictions at the follow-ing joints and associated mobilizations:

• Right foot first metatarsal-pha-langeal joint: passive mobilization in-creasing amplitude as functional range improved.

• Bilateral subtalar: mobilizations su-pine and standing. This was particular-ly important prior to taping to establish optimal available range of motion.

• Left tibio-femoral joint: passive in-ternal rotation of the left tibia.

• Left hip internal: rotation mobiliza-tion with lateral distraction via traction belt with concurrent passive internal rotation.

Along with the motion restrictions, we started manual soft-tissue release of the following structures (distal to proximal):

• Bilateral plantar fascia• Bilateral peroneal complex, L>R• Bilateral lateral gastrocnemius

• Left tensor fascia latae• Left distal biceps femoris• Bilateral gluteus medius• Bilateral piriformis, L>R• Psoas, bilateral, L>R

Daily neuromuscular stretching of the following (all bilateral) was another important step:

• Gastrocnemius• IT band, L>R• Hamstrings• Gluteus medius• Piriformis

Corrective Exercise: As mentioned above, we wanted to work on inhibiting motion in certain areas and lengthening muscles in others. We implemented dai-ly self myofascial release (bilaterally) pre and post activity in the following areas:

• Peroneals• Lateral gastrocnemius• IT band• Gluteus medius• Piriformis

Static stretching was performed after activity for optimal lengthening to the:

Untitled-6 1 4/18/07 12:31:48 PM

Circle No. 132



Circle No. 133



• Bilateral gastrocnemius• Bilateral soleus• Left biceps femoris• Left piriformis

For activation, we started isolated mus-cle strengthening for these structures:

Bilateral Poster Tibialis• Thera-band plantar flexion com-

bined with inversion and great toe flexion emphasizing eccentric control and endur-ance, performed in the supine position.

• Single-leg balance with foot con-trol. Maintain neutral subtalar position

and actively fire deep posterior muscu-lature of FHL, FDL, and posterior tibi-alis by firing the toes into the floor or a balance pad. Difficulty is increased via typical mechanisms such as unstable surfaces, upper-extremity motion, and lack of visual input. Should be complet-ed to fatigue.

• Use of ankle isolator or similar ap-paratus for specific posterior tibialis strengthening.

Bilateral Medial Gastrocnemius• Double- to single-leg calf raise with

internal rotation. Concentrically raise

with both feet, slowly lower eccentric over five-second count with only one leg. Take care to fire through the great toe and not drift laterally over the four lateral toes.

Gluteus Medius• Daily tubing walking—increase re-

sistance with multiple bands if neces-sary. Emphasize upper-body control and force production from heels with-out external rotation of the lower ex-tremity. Complete to fatigue.

Gluteus Maximus• Bridging exercises initially. Progress

to integrated gluteus maximus exercises in the next section.

When exercises are designed to em-phasize endurance, they should be per-formed to fatigue or loss of eccentric control. The demands of sport require certain muscles to fire thousands of times throughout a given competition or practice. This type of endurance is not gained with simple sets and reps.

The final challenge is to take as many of the isolated activities listed above as possible and combine them into func-tional activities. Control of the torso and upper body during functional ac-tivity is based on the lower extremities, and in particular the foot and ankle, providing a stable platform or base for these movements. Here are some of the exercises we used:

• Progress ball bridging to weighted Russian twist exercise on ball. Main-tain hips level, knees and ankles at 90 degrees, and maintain foot contact.

• Lunge with rotation. Emphasize foot control and force through great toe.

• Quarter- to half-squats with the foot neutral and proper alignment of the knee in relation to the foot and an-kle. Combined motion as it occurs in the loading phase of squatting (such as prior to a jump) should have the cen-ter of the patella moving in the frontal plane over the center of the foot, which is approximately the second toe.

How did the athlete respond? His joint motion improved in every area (see “Before & After” on page 40). He also progressed well with no insidious on-set problems, which had been common for him in the past, and no flare-ups in non-contact situations. While he has had a few exacerbations due to landing on opponents’ feet, each case was resolved functionally within 24-36 hours, with residual soreness lasting up to 7 days. In addition, a long-term issue with left side IT band irritation is no longer present. ■

Untitled-3 1 8/8/07 11:45:59 AM

Circle No. 134


SPORT SPECIFIC

Tasha Weddle, CSCS, is an Assistant

Strength and Conditioning Coach at

Vanderbilt University, where she works

with the women’s bowling, basketball,

soccer, and lacrosse teams. She has

also been an assistant strength coach

at the University of Tennessee, Kent

State University, and Purdue University.

She can be reached at:

[email protected].

BY TASHA WEDDLE

Strengthto Spare

They may not strike you as athletes who need conditioning, but bowlers can greatly enhance their performance with a progressive training program.

UK ATHLETICS

Bowlers lifting weights? Even longtime strength and conditioning coaches are surprised when they hear that the Vanderbilt

University women’s bowling team takes part in a strength and conditioning program.

Despite being an NCAA champion-ship sport since 2004, bowling is often viewed strictly as a recreational activity. And let’s face it, lots of bowlers, even professionals, are not in “peak” physi-cal condition. While this stereotype is difficult to overcome, we are proving at Vanderbilt that bowlers are athletes too and can benefit greatly from strength and conditioning.

To the skeptics, there is little corre-lation between physical conditioning and bowling success. But Head Bowl-ing Coach John Williamson and his

Two years after beginning a strength and conditioning program,

Vanderbilt University captured the 2007 NCAA Championship.

VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY SPORTS INFORMATION

T&C SEPTEMBER 2007 TRAINING-CONDITIONING.COM

SPORT SPECIFIC

46

PLANNING & DESIGN

Working with bowlers the last two years has certainly been a learning experience for me. Previously, I had only a passing familiarity with the sport, and I shared many of the stereotypical views about bowlers. But the benefits of strength and

with improved self confidence, men-tal toughness, and ability to compete. Combined with their natural talent, this helped lift the team to the 2007 NCAA National Collegiate Women’s Bowling Championship, the first na-tional team title in Vanderbilt history.

athletes believe physical preparation has been an important part of Vander-bilt’s development. In addition to the tangible benefits of increased strength and flexibility, the bowlers—most of whom had never worked out before in their lives—leave the weightroom

Movement Preparation

Jog x 5 min.

Walk-outs x 5

Walking Spiderman x 5 each side

Lateral slides x 5 each side

Reverse lunges with rotation x 5 each side

Supine leg swings x 8 each leg

Prone leg swings x 8 each leg

Hamstring roll-overs x 5 each leg

Single-leg hip bridges x 8 each leg

Supermans x 12

Injury Prevention

Scarecrows x 10

Front-V empty cans x 10

Bent-over lateral raises x 10

Lateral raise and rotation x 10

Banded knee lockouts 2 x 15 each leg

Resistance Training

Core Circuit x 2: Prone stabilization w/reach x

20 sec. each side, off-bench obliques x 10 each

side, med-ball diagonal chops x 10 each side

Set A x 3: Front squats x 6, med ball cleans x 6

Set B x 3: Step-ups x 6 each leg, incline bench

press x 6

Set C x 3: Stability ball leg curls x 10, body

rows x 8

Conditioning

Tempo Run

Run 100 yards/walk 30 yards



Repeat 2-3 times

Cardio Machine (interval workout)

5 min. warmup

30 sec. as hard as possible

60 sec. easy

Repeat 9 times

5 min. cool down

Med-Ball Tempo

Squat-to-overhead press x 12

Run 50 yards & back

Diagonal chops x 12 each side

Run 50 yards & back

Reverse lunge w/rotation x 8 each side

Run 50 yards & back

Overhead pressing sit-ups x 15

Run 50 yards & back

Push-ups x 8

Run 50 yards & back

Flexibility

Standing V (middle-right-left)

Seated V (middle-right-left)

Half-hurdler

Quad stretch

Seated groin

Prone back extension

Kneeling hip flexor

Cross-over quadruped

Standing calf

SAMPLE WORKOUTSAMPLE WORKOUTA sample in-season workout for the Vanderbilt University women’s bowling team is listed below.


SPORT SPECIFIC

conditioning for these athletes become obvious if you look for them.

In any activity, physical fatigue ham-pers mental focus. Improved fitness de-lays the onset of fatigue, which is certainly a factor in any sport, including bowling. Each bowler throws a 16-pound ball 200 to 300 times during an average practice, and competitions can last for six hours or more. The better shape the bowlers are in, the more likely they are to perform up to their potential.

From a more sport-specific stand-point, strength directly affects the abil-ity to generate force during the pivot step, release, and follow through. Add-ing flexibility to this strength allows for a lower position at the point of release, which results in better leverage and more accurate shots.

As I began to design a program for the bowling team, I followed the same principles I use for every sport—I placed primary focus on training movements rather than muscle groups with com-pound, ground-based exercises making up the majority of the workout. My in-tention was to build a solid foundation by first developing stability and then work-

ing toward strength, power, and speed.In any sport, a strength program only

succeeds if the athletes put forth the ef-fort and the head coach plays a big role in getting them to do so. I am fortunate to have the complete support of Coach Williamson, who is present at every workout, which has helped the athletes buy into the program.

At the start, Coach Williamson spent a lot of time explaining to me the me-chanics of the bowling motion and the physical demands faced by his athletes, and together we worked to set goals for the program. Along with develop-ing overall athleticism and strength, we decided that increased leg and core strength would improve performance and help to prevent injury, so we made these focal points of the strength and conditioning program.

Coach Williamson also wanted to improve his athletes’ mental toughness and believed weightroom workouts could help. We agreed that it is possible to prepare athletes to handle the stress of competition by creating stressful sit-uations in the weightroom and during conditioning workouts. If we showed

the bowlers that they could handle pres-sure in the weightroom, they’d be more confident the next time they had to con-vert a tough split in the ninth frame of a close match.

So even though many of the bowl-ers were novice lifters, once they were physically ready, we would start to chal-lenge them with taxing and fast-paced workouts to help them learn to thrive under stress. Because of the nature of the sport and the coach’s observation of mental breakdowns during competi-tion, this was a key factor in taking the team to the next level.

TWO-YEAR PLAN

For the first year, our workouts with the bowling team were very basic and minimal. It was really more of a general fitness program than a full-fledged strength and conditioning regimen, with little more than body weight resistance.

In many cases, we even had to mod-ify basic body weight exercises so the bowlers could complete them success-fully. For example, if someone couldn’t complete a full set of standard push

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Circle No. 135

T&C SEPTEMBER 2007 TRAINING-CONDITIONING.COM

SPORT SPECIFIC

48

ups, we would have them do as many as they could and then do double that number from their knees. For an ath-lete who couldn’t complete a set of pull ups, we would use assisted pull up ma-chines or bands until she progressed enough to finish a set properly.

Usually, these modifications didn’t last long—once the bowlers doing modified exercises saw their team-mates completing standard sets, they became motivated to do the same. But we progressed each athlete individual-ly, stressing the importance of proper technique in every exercise.

Once we established a base level of fitness and knowledge that first sea-son, we made two major changes go-ing into the second season. The first

was incorporating accountability in the form of testing. The second was in-cluding more core lifts, such as back and front squats, Romanian deadlifts, and bench pressing variations, which elicited a tremendous positive response from the bowlers.

With these two changes, the women started to feel like “real” athletes and embraced the challenge of learning new exercises. Additionally, seeing consistent strength gains increased their self-confi-dence, which kicked up their enthusiasm in the weightroom to new levels.

THE PROGRAM

To a large degree, the success of the program I designed relies on the prin-ciple of progressive overload. Progress is maintained by consistently monitor-ing each athlete’s improvement and making the necessary adjustments to ensure they are constantly being chal-lenged. By watching each athlete per-form her last set of each exercise, I am able to make modifications depending on the level of technique and strength demonstrated.

There are a number of ongoing struc-tural challenges in designing workouts for our bowlers. Not only are exercise choices limited by a lack of training knowledge and experience, the bowl-

ers are only able to work out in the weightroom twice a week, since they spend a total of one hour each day get-ting to and from the lanes for practice. To make sure we cover everything, each workout is divided into five main com-ponents: movement preparation, in-jury prevention, resistance training, metabolic conditioning, and flexibility training. (“Sample Workout” on page 46 shows one day of inseason training.)

Movement preparation consists of a general warmup of jogging for five minutes. The athletes then perform five minutes of dynamic stretches, typically consisting of a selection of walk-outs, walking Spidermans, later-al slides, reverse lunges with rotation, supine and prone leg swings, and ham-

string roll-overs. Injury prevention is a major objec-

tive of any strength and conditioning program, even for bowling. Consider-ing the repetitive nature of the sport, chronic injuries are a concern. Some of the common injury sites for bowlers are the wrists, shoulders, knees, and hips. The injury prevention exercises I use in the bowlers’ workouts include shoulder circuits, glute bridges, and single-leg partial squats.

Resistance training work targets the whole body and is made up of one squat variation, one exercise to work the pos-terior chain, one single-leg exercise, and one upper-body pulling and pushing ex-ercise. In addition, we start the resistance section of each workout with a core cir-cuit consisting of a stability exercise, a rotation exercise, and some variation of abdominal, hip, or lateral flexion. I also regularly incorporate explosive medicine ball throws into the core circuit to devel-op power and speed.

Once a foundation is established, I use an undulating form of periodiza-tion, incorporating one heavy-intensity, low-volume day and one lighter-inten-sity, high-volume day into each week. Because of the relatively minimal meta-bolic requirements of bowling, I am able to keep the intensity high during the in-

season workouts without risking over-training. The only major modification I make in-season is to take out bilateral squats and use unilateral squatting ex-ercises to avoid overloading the spine.

Metabolic conditioning serves a dual purpose. First, it improves overall fit-ness, and second, it teaches the athletes to handle the anxiety that conditioning workouts produce. I am not as concerned with targeting any specific energy sys-tem as I am with making the workouts physically (and therefore mentally) chal-lenging, so I typically use combinations of stadium runs, tempo runs, 100-yard repeats, track workouts, fartlek runs, interval cardio machine workouts, and plate circuits, with limited rest.

To make up for the lack of weight-room time, we also ask bowlers to com-plete two cardio sessions on their own each week, usually consisting of either interval machine work or fartlek runs. We also have them perform a medicine ball cooldown routine at the bowling lanes immediately after practice once or twice a week.

Flexibility receives a lot of attention in our program. In addition to the dynamic stretches included in the movement prepa-ration portion of the workout, we finish each day’s sessions with a static stretching routine as a cooldown. But the greatest im-provement to flexibility comes during the team’s early morning yoga sessions, which were arranged by the coach. After show-ing very little flexibility at the beginning of the season and struggling to finish even a basic stretching routine, our bowlers were extremely limber by season’s end and do-ing stretches that few other athletes could complete. Not only can they now bend more deeply and develop more power on their shots, they also have greater body awareness and control.

The impact of physical preparation on performance isn’t always easy to as-certain, but with this team it was very apparent. We could easily see that our bowlers were stronger, more flexible, and generally more athletic at the end of the season than at the beginning. But beyond the obvious physical bene-fits, we also noticed improved self-con-fidence, mental toughness, and ability to compete. Although we may never know exactly how many pins fell be-cause of the bowlers’ strength and con-ditioning work, we believe the national championship our team won—with two strikes in the final frame of a sev-en-game match—speaks for itself. ■

Our bowlers were extremely limber by season’s end and doing stretches that few other athletes could

complete. Not only can they now bend more deeply and develop more power on their shots, they

also have greater body awareness and control.

TRAINING-CONDITIONING.COM T&C SEPTEMBER 2007 49

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Circle No. 518

Keiser Corp.800-888-7009www.keiser.com

Keiser’s Air300 Squat combines low-impact technology with the ability to move safely at higher speeds. The result is unmatched explo-sive power—the key to superior athletic performance. Thumb buttons for resis-tance control are conveniently posi-tioned on the ends of the hand grips for greater control and stability during the exercise. In addition, a range limiting feature helps prevent ligament and joint injury to the knee.

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The Air300 Runner from Keiser is a unique and innovative product designed for the athletic performance market. It allows athletes to train the lower body

for power by using the com-ponents of speed and resistance. Developed spe-cifically for sports teams to improve acceleration and

explosive power, this unit will improve the power and performance of any indi-vidual looking for a competitive edge.

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Kytec800-732-4883www.kytec.us

Stretch Out delivers the benefits of PNF stretching without the need for a

partner. Made of a one-inch web strap, it has various adjustment loops that pro-vide increased

range of motion during the stretch. The loops allow deep, gradual stretching of major muscle groups, resulting in a stretch that’s safer and more effec-tive than other methods. An illustrated instruction book and a complete exer-cise list are included.

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Lebert Fitness, Inc.905-785-0626www.lebertequalizer.com

The Equalizer trains athletes for strength, agility, plyometrics, and so much more. Originally developed for portable body weight compound strength train-ing exercises, this product has many outstanding functions. For instance, when used for agility drills, the Equalizer makes a tremendous agility ladder that allows for unlimited designs, quick changes in layout, and any sport-spe-cific configuration you want.

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Hammer Strength800-634-8637www.hammerstrength.com

One of Hammer Strength’s most popu-lar pieces of equipment, the Jammer,

is part of the inno-vative Ground Base product line. This highly versatile machine is ideal for athletes who want to train explosive movements. To maximize athletic

performance, users train with their feet on the ground, promoting total-body stabilization and better balance that transfers to movements on the play-ing field. In the standing position, the athlete’s body is able to respond natu-rally to the exertion of exercise and to gravity, spurring strengthening of the corresponding muscle groups and enhancing coordination.

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Life Fitness800-634-8637www.lifefitness.com

Life Fitness has introduced its most innovative treadmills to date, thanks to a partnership with Apple. The new iPod-integrated 95 Series treadmills

engage both body and mind. With their sleek, sophisticated design, they deliver a stun-ning lineup of features,

including seamless iPod integration, a virtual trainer, extended running sur-faces, USB connectivity for personal-ized workouts, and graphic workout landscapes displayed on a vibrant LCD screen. The new 95 Series treadmills are available in two models.

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NASM800-460-6276www.nasm.org

NASM’s Corrective Exercise for Knee Impairments module covers the functional anatomy of the knee and teaches you how to become proficient in performing knee assessments. You will learn how to utilize exercises, programs, and tools to imple-ment corrective strategies for the knee, as well as how to market your abilities in a clinic or health and fitness facility.

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NZ Mfg., LLC800-886-6621www.nzmfg.com

TurfCordz Ankle Cordz are designed for abduction, leg curls, hip flexion, and other lower-body exercises. They can strengthen and rehabilitate after injury, or help prevent injury from happening in the first place. Ankle Cordz are easily portable and each unit includes two interchangeable eight-inch tubes for two differ-ent resistance levels. To

learn more about the full line of innova-tive TurfCordz products, go online or call the company to request a catalog.

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LEG STRENGTHENING

Perform Better800-556-7464www.performbetter.com

Perform Better has introduced its new heavy-duty Drive Sled, made with 12-gauge steel for intense pushing and pulling exercises. A cleverly designed

rear handle lets you drive the sled from two different heights. Multiple plate stor-age stations allow for overload strength train-ing while keeping the sled evenly balanced. Just add your Olympic plates to achieve the desired resistance. A heavy-duty harness lets

you comfortably handle heavy loads. The Drive Sled is only available in the 2007 Perform Better catalog. Call or go online to request your free copy.

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To develop leg strength, Perform Better recommends its Shaw 360 training sys-tem, which offers dynamic resistance and 360 degrees of freedom to cut, spin, juke, and shake. It is an ideal product for

resisted and assisted exercises because it allows full range

of motion. It comes complete with clip hooks for the athlete’s belt and five dif-ferent sizes of waist belts, an adjustable coach’s belt, and 10 feet of resistive cord. This product is found in Perform Better’s special edition sport catalog. Call or go online to request yours today.

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Power Lift800-872-1543www.power-lift.com

The Power Lift® 40-degree Uni-Lateral/Bi-Lateral Leg Press features a uni-lateral/bi-lateral locking mecha-nism, an adjustable back pad with

lumbar support, weight storage, seven-gauge steel

construction, and an adjustable starting position. The uni-lateral motion is ideal for athletes with a lower-body injury, since it allows them to isolate and train their non-injured leg. Sixteen high-grade liquid cast polyurethane wheels guar-antee smooth operation of the carriage. Alternative angles are also available.

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The Power Lift® Belt Squat is a great way to train the hamstrings, glutes, quadriceps, and hips while eliminating spinal compression. From a standing position, the user disengages the work arm to start the exercise. The Belt Squat attaches to the work arms on each side, over the user’s hips. Force is evenly distributed through the user’s heels, emphasizing the muscles in the hips, glutes, and hamstrings. The machine is ideal for rehabbing injuries and for teaching squats, one-legged squats, and lunges. Weight storage and three custom belts are standard.

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MediBalls™ are NOT like other medicine balls. They are the original gel fi lled medicine balls that offer signifi cant performance advantages over other medicine balls. Their compact and perfectly balanced shape make them longer lasting, easier to see, and easier to catch.They can be used indoors, outdoors, and even in the pool! Try the MediBalls™ with the adjustable rebounder. With its round design you can be assured of consistent returns. It is the perfect training partner for medicine ball exercises!

• Upper Body Plyometrics• Hand/Eye Coordination• Rehabilitation• Speed• Power

A Great Exercise and a Great Partner ALL IN ONE!

MediBalls™

available in 6 sizes - 2 lbs. to 15 lbs.

Topaz Medical800.264.5623www.topazusa.com

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LEG STRENGTHENING

DAILY

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Power Systems800-321-6975www.power-systems.com

The L-Bands system is an innovative tool to improve speed, balance, con-trol, and agility by promoting activation of the hip flexors to produce a faster stride. Condition and train the muscles to exert maxi-mum effort. Bands help the athlete remain in an efficient run-ning position while using the leg muscles to generate force and power during runs and agility drills. Adjustable nylon thigh and foot straps are connected by resistance tubing that’s available in three lengths depending on the athlete’s height.

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Pro-Tec Athletics800-779-3372www.injurybegone.com

Offering outstanding comfort and effectiveness, the Shin Splints Compression Wrap by Pro-Tec Athletics alleviates symptoms of medi-al and anterior shin splints. It includes

a compres-sion strip to provide tar-geted com-pression and help prevent tearing of the soft tissue away from

the tibia. In addition, the Shin Splints Compression Wrap absorbs stress to the tibia and helps stabilize the area. Its contoured design keeps pressure off the calf in cases of medial tibial stress syndrome.

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Samson Weight Training Equipment

800-4-SAMSONwww.samsonequipment.com

The Samson #112U Unilateral/Bilateral Leg Press is one of the most user-friendly, most durable leg presses on the market today. It features adjust-able foot pedals, swivel-action hand controls for easy release, and .188 seven-gauge stainless steel tubing that can be removed to allow one leg to work independently from the other. It

operates on linear ball bear-ings for a smooth action that has to be felt to be believed.

Call or go online today for more infor-mation.

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The Samson #107GH is one of the most durable glute ham benches in its class. This unique bench features a lin-ear ball bear-ing system that allows for unbelievably easy foot-plate depth adjust-ments, .188 seven-gauge square tubing construction, heavy-duty 12-pound closed-cell neoprene padding, and even three hooks in the front for band training. Check it out at Samson’s Web site.

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efi Sports Medicine®/Total Gym®800-541-4900www.totalgym.com

The Closed Chain Platform from efi Sports Medicine® provides unloaded, early closed-chain exercise in a func-tional environment. The platform attaches to efi’s Total Gym® system and GTS incline resistance units to facilitate a number of lower-extremity

exercises while allow-ing for a wide variety of leg and foot posi-tions for sports-spe-

cific training and rehabilitation. Use it in combination with other products to safely and gradually challenge balance and mobility.

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efi Sports Medicine®800-541-4900www.efisportsmedicine.com

efi Sports Medicine® has introduced the PlyoRebounder, a versatile tool for quick-response proprioception train-ing, upper- and lower-body plyometric agility training, and cardiovascular

exercise. The tram-poline unit serves as a low-compres-sion, low-impact jogger for jumping, hopping, and run-ning exercises that are easy on the spine and knees. Have athletes throw weighted medicine balls

against the unit’s trampoline surface to develop core strength, agility, and improved reaction time.

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WerkSan Barbells877-WERKSANwww.werksanusa.com

For safety and durability, count on WerkSan. WerkSan Barbells has a strong worldwide reputation for high-quality weightlifting equipment. The company’s engi-neers are devoted to producing safer, better-performing, longer-lasting equip-ment. WerkSan is the official barbell of USA Weightlifting and is certified by the IWF. The company stands behind its equipment: WerkSan bars are guar-anteed for life, and its bumper plates are guaranteed for two years from the date of purchase.

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WerkSan Barbells is the official sponsor of the NSCA’s High School Coaches Special Interest Group. WerkSan is the official barbell of USA Weightlifting and is certified by the

IWF. WerkSan engineers are devoted to pro-ducing safer, bet-ter-performing, longer-lasting weight train-ing equipment. WerkSan bars are precision-made from spe-cially developed Scandinavian

steel. WerkSan uses five carbon-fiber bearings—not just four steel bear-ings—strategically located at stress points to increase strength, durability, and performance.

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News items on injury treatment and strength/conditioning, updated dailyBonus editorial not found in the pages of Training & ConditioningDownloadable MRSA educational postersHelp with researching products and vendorsArchives of articles from past issuesSearch function to fi nd articles and research published on other related sports medicine and conditioning Web sites

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TESTIMONIAL PILATES EQUIPMENT

Certification Program Is Like No Other“The NATA/CSCS combination is like no other when it comes to assistance

in prevention, care, and treat-ment for the active popula-tion. This combi-nation knows the body and how to care for it in many perspec-

tives that are not found in any other combination.”

Patricia J. Hubel, ATC, CSCSAcademic Projects and Research

CoordinatorMinot State University

“As an athletic trainer and strength and conditioning professional, two of my main objectives are to prevent injury and improve performance. The CSCS credential indicates that the individuals I hire possess this expertise, regardless of the sport or needs of the athlete.”

Dan Wathen, ATC, CSCS*D, NSCA-CPT*D

Head Athletic TrainerYoungstown State University

“The CSCS credential identifies self-motivated individuals who have taken it upon themselves to improve their knowledge and practical skills beyond undergraduate entry-level educa-tional requirements in the strength and conditioning/physical rehabilitation domain.”James E. Campbell, MS, ATC, CSCS

Head Athletic TrainerOverland High School, CO

NSCA Certification Commission3333 Landmark Cir.Lincoln, NE [email protected]

Balanced Body, Inc.800-PILATESwww.pilates.com

Pilates on the Reformer has become an invaluable conditioning method for athletes at all levels, maximizing athletic

perfor-mance while reducing the risk of injury. Balanced Body’s

new Allegro Sport Reformer is a simpler version of the Allegro, with a durable design, easy storability, and an afford-able price. It features an extremely stable frame and a virtually silent car-riage ride. The Allegro Sport Reformer makes it easy for athletic trainers to add Pilates to their conditioning programs.

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Compact, durable, and lightweight, Balanced Body’s new EXO Chair provides challenging strength work-outs while adding core stability. More than 28 exercise categories can be performed on the EXO Chair, includ-ing mobility, core, leg strength, arm strength, and shoul-der girdle stabil-ity, plus functional movements like standing, climbing, pushing, and lifting. For any athlete needing to run and cut in different directions across the field, exercises on the EXO Chair provide exceptional leg and joint stability.

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OPTP800-367-7393 www.optp.com/ad

Upgrade the most important piece of golf equipment you possess: your body. The Golfer’s Guide to Pilates contains easy-to-learn exercises with step-by-step programs for flexibility, core strength, stance, and rotation. Raise

your physical ability and transform your game into one of absolute control and power. This book is great for golf-ers of all fitness levels. It is illustrated, soft cover, and 144 pages long. Call or go online for more information and to request a free catalog.

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The OPTP Pro-Roller comes in a new color scheme: blue and white marble. The closed-cell design and heat-sealed engineering ensure that it will not break down after repeated use. The Pro-Roller is easy to wipe off with a sanitary solution. It can be used

for myofascial release, mus-cular flexibility, and dynamic strengthening. Roller exercises enhance bal-ance reactions, body aware-

ness, muscle re-education, and core stability. The density of the closed-cell foam provides firm support with a cushioned surface, making it more comfortable than hard foam rollers.

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Power Systems800-321-6975www.power-systems.com

Combine the essence of Pilates train-ing, balance, alignment, and core strength with myofascial release and build a stronger, more flexible body by incorporating the Premium EVA Foam Roller into your workout. This high-den-sity, heat-sealed, closed-cell roller will not absorb moisture or trap odors and bacteria. The unique EVA mate-rial prevents this roller from get-ting lumpy or losing its shape. The Premium EVA Foam Roller will meet and exceed the demands placed on it during training, rehabilitation, and mas-sage therapy. Four sizes are available: 6” x 12” L, 6” x 36” L, and a roller in 12 and 36 inches.

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CASE STUDY

In the late 1980s, like many other professionals, I abandoned the straight-leg sit-up as a method of core conditioning. At the time, we were all concerned about the risk of lumbar spine shearing due to the pull of the hip flexors. The concern was that ath-letes would use the hip flexors as the primary muscle group to sit up and would engage them before the spine reached the protective range of flexion (30 degrees).

For the straight-leg sit-up to be per-formed correctly, there must be suf-

ficient strength in both the abdominal musculature and the hip flexors. However, the timing of the movement and the flexibility of the lumbar spine are also important factors. A shear-ing effect can occur in the lumbar disc when the hip flexors are engaged too soon and the vertebral levels attached to the hip flexors are lifted first. Research demonstrates that at 30 degrees of spinal flexion, all the deep layers of the abdominals are engaged to fully protect the spine.

Unfortunately, as I abandoned the straight-leg sit-up, I noticed that my athletes experienced declines in core and abdominal strength. The crunches that replaced the straight-leg sit-up never allowed the spine to reach

30 degrees of flexion and primar-ily engaged only the internal oblique muscles. I could see the change in my athletes by noting a wide costal angle and a hyperlordotic posture.

With the recent popularity of yoga and Pilates, the straight-leg sit-up has returned with a new name: the roll up. Although I was happy to begin using this exercise again, I continued to have the same concerns I’d had in the 1980s. I struggled to find a way to ensure that my athletes could gain all the benefits of the straight-leg sit-up without the risk of lumbar shearing.

I recently incorporated the Core Challenge Roller by OPTP for this

exercise. With this air-filled roller, I can be sure my athletes are not only safe, but are effectively working the core, even when I am not watching them.

To use the Core Challenge Roller for the straight-leg sit-

up, the athlete lies supine with his or her spine aligned along

the device. As the athlete rolls up, he or she is unable to put the pelvis in an anterior tilt and is actually forced into a posterior tilt by the roller. This discourages any flexion at the hips until the athlete has attained a suf-ficient amount of lumbar flexion. This increases the challenge to the external obliques and puts the hip flexors at a disadvantage. In the upright posi-tion, the lower back and sacrum sink into the Core Challenge Roller, thus promoting additional lengthening of the lumbar extensors. Throughout the roll up, the Core Challenge Roller also provides an unstable surface, requir-ing the athlete to continually adjust the deep core musculature during the movement.

Bringing Back the Straight-Leg Sit-UpBy Christine Romani-Ruby, MPT, ATC

OPTPP.O. Box 470093800 Annapolis Ln., Ste. 165Minneapolis, MN 55447-0009800-367-7393Fax: [email protected]/ad

Christine Romani-Ruby, MPT, ATC, is a licensed physical thera-pist, an assistant professor in the Physical Therapist Assistant pro-gram at California University of Pennsylvania, an AFAA certification specialist, an ACE faculty member, and a certified athletic trainer. An international presenter, Christine is the CEO of PHI Pilates. Presently she is a doctoral candidate in edu-cation at Indiana University of Pa.


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544 . . . Alcan Airex AG (Balance-pads) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

545 . . . Alcan Airex AG (mats) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

547 . . . American Red Cross (CPR/AED) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

546 . . . American Red Cross (Training Program) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

548 . . . Avazzia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

540 . . . Balanced Body (EXO Chair) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

539 . . . Balanced Body (Reformer) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

510 . . . Ball Dynamics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51

549 . . . Biofreeze®/Performance Health® . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

550 . . . Brace International . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

509 . . . Cera Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

512 . . . C.H.E.K. Institute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51

551 . . . Cho-Pat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

515 . . . Creative Health Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51

504 . . . CytoSport (Cytomax) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

505 . . . CytoSport (Muscle Milk Collegiate Bars) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

535 . . . efi Sports Medicine (Closed Chain Platform) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

536 . . . efi Sports Medicine (PlyoRebounder) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

552 . . . Fitnessrubber.com . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

507 . . . Gatorade (Endurance Formula) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

506 . . . Gatorade (Nutrition Shake) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

501 . . . General Tools & Instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

523 . . . Hammer Strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

518 . . . Jump Stretch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

520 . . . Keiser (Air300 Runner) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

519 . . . Keiser (Air300 Squat) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

521 . . . Kytec Athletic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

555 . . . Lebert Equalizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

522 . . . Lebert Equalizer (Leg Strengthening) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

524 . . . Life Fitness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

557 . . . Mueller (Hg80 ankle brace) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

556 . . . Mueller (Life Care for Her) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

525 . . . NASM (Corrective Exercise-Knee) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

558 . . . NASM (Performance Enhancement) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

553 . . . NCCPT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

559 . . . NExTT Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

526 . . . NZ Mfg. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

502 . . . OPEN - Product Launch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

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541 . . . OPTP (Golfer’s Guide to Pilates) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

542 . . . OPTP (Pro-Roller) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

554 . . . Outdoor Boss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

502 . . . Perform Better (New Product) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

527 . . . Perform Better (Drive Sled) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

528 . . . Perform Better (Shaw 360) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

530 . . . Power Lift (Belt Squat) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

529 . . . Power Lift (Leg Press) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

543 . . . Power Systems (Foam Roller) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

531 . . . Power Systems (L-Bands system) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

532 . . . Pro-Tec Athletics (Compression Wrap) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

560 . . . Pro-Tec (SI Back Belt) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

534 . . . Samson (107GH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

533 . . . Samson (Leg Press) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

561 . . . Save-A-Tooth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

513 . . . Shuttle Systems (Balance) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51

514 . . . Shuttle Systems (Shuttle MVP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51

500 . . . Swede-O . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

511 . . . Thera-Band®/Performance Health Products® . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51

517 . . . VertiMax (PLUS series) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51

516 . . . VertiMax (V6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51

538 . . . WerkSan Barbells (official barbell) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

537 . . . WerkSan Barbells (weightlifting equipment) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

562 . . . WissTech Enterprises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

563 . . . Wobenzym N (Creme) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

119 . . . Airex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

108 . . . American Red Cross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

124 . . . Balanced Body . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

109 . . . Biofreeze®/Performance Health® . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

126 . . . Brace International (Fluk) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

115 . . . Brace International (MAX) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

105 . . . C.H.E.K. Institute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8

137 . . . California University of Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

102 . . . Cho-Pat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4

106 . . . Creative Health Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8

117 . . . CytoSport (Cytomax) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

100 . . . CytoSport (Muscle Milk) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .IFC

103 . . . efi Sports Medicine/Total Gym . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5

130 . . . FitBALL USA (Ball Dynamics) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

131 . . . Fitnessrubber.com . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

101 . . . Gatorade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-3

123 . . . Gebauer Company . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

111 . . . General Tools & Instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

128 . . . Hammer Strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

129 . . . Harbinger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41

139 . . . Jump Stretch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

112 . . . Keiser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

133 . . . Kytec Athletic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

127 . . . Lebert Equalizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

104 . . . Mueller Sports Medicine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7

121 . . . NASM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

132 . . . NCCPT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

114 . . . NExTT Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

113 . . . OPTP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

122 . . . Outdoor Boss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

107 . . . Perform Better . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9

120 . . . Power Lift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

140 . . . Powernetics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IBC

134 . . . Samson Weight Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

138 . . . Save-A-Tooth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

116 . . . Shuttle Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

136 . . . Topaz Medical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

125 . . . TurfCordz/NZ Mfg. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

135 . . . VertiMax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47

118 . . . WerkSan Barbells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

110 . . . WissTech Enterprises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14

141 . . . Wobenzym N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BC


TESTIMONIALTESTIMONIALTESTIMONIAL

TurfCordz™: A Popular Choice

TurfCordz™ are used in high-level athletic training by professional foot-ball, baseball, hockey, and basketball teams. They’re great for explosive start drills, power-building footwork exer-cises, and simulated play action.

Here are just a few satisfied TurfCordz users:

Arizona CardinalsCincinnati RedsColorado AvalancheDenver BroncosGeorge Washington UniversityIndiana UniversityKenyon CollegeMcMaster UniversityOhio State UniversityPennsylvania State UniversityPurdue UniversityStanford UniversityUniversity of CaliforniaUniversity of DenverUniversity of Notre DameU.S. Air ForceU.S. Marine CorpsU.S. Olympic Swim TeamU.S. Olympic Speed Skating TeamTexas Rangers

Contact NZ Mfg. to request a free catalog.

NZ Mfg., LLCP.O. Box 2146Stow, OH 44224800-886-6621Fax: 866-320-3653www.nzmfg.com

Four Products That Ease Athletes’ Pain

“I’ve found Pro-Tec products to be a great addition to my patient care, as they are very patient-compatible.”

Jim Whitesel,MS, ATC

Former Seattle Seahawks Head Athletic Trainer

(1976-1998)President, Whitesel Pro Therapy, Inc.,

Kirkland, WA

“I have found the Iliotibial Band Wrap to offer unmatched effectiveness in alleviating conditions of iliotibial band syndrome. We are recommending it for our patients.”

Dr. Shintaro OhtakeAim Treatment Center

“Finally, because of the Shin Splints Compression Wrap, I feel no pain in my shins during strenuous activity.”

Lisa DukeBallerina and Runner

“Thanks to the Arch Pro-Tec, the plantar fasciitis in my foot has completely disappeared.”

Christina Cambra3rd-Place Finisher, Ironman Austria

“With Ice Up, the benefits of ice massage are ready for me anytime, anywhere.”

Scott Jurek, PTSeven-Time Champion, Western States Ultra 100-Mile Marathon

Pro-Tec Athletics2743 152nd Ave. NERedmond, WA [email protected]

Smart ATCs Carry Save-A-ToothAthletic trainers should have Save-A-Tooth, the emergency tooth preserva-tion system, available with their first aid supplies. Three sports medicine profes-sionals understand why it’s important to take Save-A-Tooth on the field:

“Last year we had an unfortunate inci-dent at one of our boys’ varsity soccer matches—an athlete lost a tooth during

play. Luckily, we had a Save-A-Tooth kit in our medical box. The tooth was preserved and successfully implanted back into the player.”

Director of Health and AthleticsBaldwinsville Central School

District, NY

“I recently used your product to save a tooth on a member of the Boston Bruins hockey team. I don’t know why all athletic directors of high schools and colleges are not advised of this system.”

Robert J. Thomas, DDSWellesley, MA

“I plan to introduce Save-A-Tooth to the Professional Baseball Athletic Trainers Society. Seldom do truly worthwhile products appear for our scrutiny that have such a high degree of efficacy.”

Gene Monahan, ATCHead Athletic Trainer

New York Yankees

Phoenix-Lazerus, Inc.18 S. Roland St.Pottstown, PA 19464888-788-6684Fax: 484-941-0641www.save-a-tooth.com


MORE PRODUCTS

Alcan Airex AG800-396-3130www.bebalanced.net

A well-trained sense of balance is very important for avoiding injuries from falls. Airex provides a great solution for

training balance: Airex Balance-pads. They are made from ultra-soft closed-cell specialty foam, which gently compresses as you stand on it, making you feel

as if you were standing on a cloud. Airex Balance-pads are the perfect piece of equipment for balance train-ing, coordination and reaction training, postural stability training, and bal-anced-motion cardio training.

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A key objective in physical therapy activities is to keep the patient as safe and comfort-able as pos-sible. Airex gymnastics mats provide maximum protection through their non-slip surface, superb cushion-ing, and soft and warm touch to the skin. Permanent hygiene is guaranteed through the company’s sanitizing pro-cess. In water, Airex products provide a safe and stable platform for a variety of hydrotherapy activities.

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American Red Cross800-667-2968www.redcross.org

The Sport Safety Training Program is designed to help coaches, athletic train-ers, and others identify and eliminate

potentially hazardous conditions in various sports environments. It also trains you to recognize emergencies and make appropriate decisions for first-aid care. Flexible course options—including a stand-alone Sports

Injury Prevention and First Aid course with additional training available in adult and child CPR, automated external defi-brillation, bloodborne pathogens, and oxygen administration—allow you to design the course that’s right for you.

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With CPR/AED for the Professional Rescuer, available from the American

Red Cross, you can learn about responding to breathing and car-diac emergencies in adults, children, and infants; using an AED on an adult or child victim of cardiac arrest; and

using personal protective equipment to stop bloodborne pathogens and other diseases from spreading. There are optional new lessons on epinephrine auto-injectors and asthma inhalers.

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Avazzia214-575-2820www.avazzia.com

When the BEST™ microcurrent bio-feedback electro-stimulation TENS device from Avazzia is applied to an athlete’s body, a high-volt-age microcur-rent signal is passed through the skin. With each signal, the electrical properties of the tissue change. The device detects the changes and responds, resulting in versatile, effective electrotherapy and pain relief. This battery-operated, handheld unit is easy to use and deliv-ers outstanding results.

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Biofreeze®/Performance Health Products®

800-246-3733www.biofreeze.com

Applied generously, Biofreeze® pain relieving gel and roll-on effectively relieve pain from heel injuries, sore

arches, muscle spasms, strains, sprains, and tendonitis, and will help mini-mize next-

day aches and pains. Use it up to four times a day. It’s available in a 16-ounce spray bottle and 16-ounce, 32-ounce, and gallon gel pump bottles. Also available is a gravity dispenser box with 100 five-gram single-use applica-tion packets for clinical settings.

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Brace International800-545-1161www.braceint.com

Brace International offers a full line of bracing and support products. The FLUK™ knee strap is ideal for treating such injuries as patellar ten-donitis, chondromalacia patella, and Osgood-Schlatter’s disease. It applies compression to the knee area without restricting circulation.

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Cho-Pat800-221-1601www.cho-pat.com

Cho-Pat’s newest product, the Bicep/Triceps Cuff, affords protection from overuse injuries for individuals per-forming repetitive lift-ing in activities such as weight training. The patent-pending device applies dynamic circum-ference pressure to the upper and lower por-tions of the bicep and triceps muscles, par-ticularly at the tendon attachments. This action spreads out the stress and direct pull on the mus-cle attachments, which helps reduce the likelihood of developing bicipital and tricipital tendonitis or tendonosis.

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Fitnessrubber.com888-894-0204www.fitnessrubber.com

Fitness Rubber is a new Web fitness resource that offers “manufacturer direct pricing” for all your fitness rub-ber equipment needs. The company’s

products include Kraiburg Solid Rubber Weight Plates, Kraiburg-Sportec Rolled Rubber Flooring, Kraiburg-Sportec Interlocking Fitness Tiles, and FLEXGARD

Rubber Coated Cast Iron Weight Plates, to name just a few. Make it a point to visit Fitnessrubber.com and receive immediate savings of up to 45 percent. Act now and receive a $20 discount on your initial Web site order over $100.

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MORE PRODUCTS

NCCPT Personal Training Certification

800-778-6060www.NCCPT.org

The National Council for Certified Personal Trainers (NCCPT) is much like a trade school, providing students

with the tools they need to work as

personal trainers. NCCPT instructors are in the trenches, training. The infor-mation is presented in a practical man-ner, so students can apply their aca-demic knowledge to themselves and their athletes. The NCCPT constantly updates its materials to stay current with the latest cutting-edge tech-niques. Use this certification to recruit personal trainers. Both live courses and home courses are available.

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Outdoor Boss888-463-5699www.outdoorboss.com

Outdoor Boss has been in business for more than 10 years and offers many great products for your team besides the popular Boss drinking system. Check out Frogg Toggs Chilly Pads and breathable raingear when vis-iting the company’s online store. There are also many quality, affordable misting fans and evaporative coolers. Outdoor Boss’s online store has many unique products that are must-haves for your team. Go online to see why the com-pany believes that the “Possibilities are Endless.”

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Lebert Fitness, Inc.905-785-0626www.lebertequalizer.com

When it comes to athletic conditioning, most coaches agree that athletes should

master body weight training before using external load-ing. The Lebert Equalizer is the perfect tool for compound body weight exercises like

chin-ups, push-ups, and dips. By using their own body weight, athletes can adjust the level of difficulty (usually by a simple change in foot placement) to suit their needs. The Equalizer is perfect for everyone from beginners to pro athletes. Made of long-lasting steel, the Equalizer is portable, versatile, and easy to store. It is a leading training tool for sports teams, boot camps, and athletes every-where.

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Mueller Sports Medicine800-356-9522www.muellersportsmed.com

Latex-free Life Care for Her ultra-thin supports are contoured and sized to fit a woman’s body. Antimicrobial technology controls odors, stains, and

deterioration of the fabric. Unique gel pads provide soothing, targeted sup-port. Life Care for Her discreetly fits under cloth-

ing with little bulk. Fashionable colors and smooth, breathable fabrics make it a stylish choice for women of all activ-ity levels. Life Care for Her will soon be available for knees, ankles, elbows, and wrists.

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The new Hg80 ankle brace with straps from Mueller Sports Medicine provides superior protection and sup-port with unique features to maximize comfort and performance. The Mueller-exclusive moisture-wicking and antimi-crobial HydraCinn fabric is latex- and neoprene-free, while the secure stir-rup straps and longer elastic cross-

ing straps provide exceptional support through a heel-lock and figure 8 con-figuration. The figure 8 straps add tension as the ankle moves, offering greater sup-port and a secure fit. This brace is

lightweight, extremely soft to the touch, and comfortable. Custom sizes from XS to XL are available in black.

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NASM800-460-6276www.nasm.org

The NASM Performance Enhancement Specialist (NASM-PES) advanced spe-cialization offers professionals the abil-ity to learn cutting-edge performance assessment techniques and sport-specific program design. Individuals with this credential deliver consistent results in rehabilita-tion, reconditioning, and performance enhancement. Learn to individual-ize integrated training programs to keep your athletes performing at the highest level, and utilize the OPT™ method for outstanding, measurable results. The PES offers scientifically valid, evidence-based applications that help you achieve remarkable results with top profes-sionals and weekend warriors alike. CEUs: NASM 1.9; NSCA 1.6; ACE 1.8; NATABOC 27.

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Your athletes are counting on you!800,000 teeth are knocked out each year during sports!

Is your dental kit ready?

Save-A-Tooth® Emergency Tooth Preserving System

(888) 788-6684 or www.Save-A-Tooth.com

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This

Untitled-2 1 5/22/07 11:41:29 AM

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MORE PRODUCTS

WEB NEWS

NExTT Solutions, LLC574-233-6695www.nexttsolutions.com

NExTT Injury Management© software has been servicing athletic training rooms for more than 24 years, incorpo-rating methods and styles from a vari-

ety of staffs. This first-hand working knowledge is the foundation of the program and what

sets NExTT Solutions apart from the competition. With quick filter views, a single-page treatment log, and an interactive episode history calendar, this software operates just like a real day in the athletic training room.

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Pro-Tec Athletics800-779-3372www.injurybegone.com

The Pro-Tec SI Back Belt is a new product designed to alleviate lower-back pain. It stabilizes the hips and sacrum, thus reducing strain to the lower back. It has a low profile to fit comfortably over the hips and provide effective relief for sac-roiliac joint syndrome. A secondary exterior strap over the com-

pression pad applies additional com-pression to stabilize the sacrum.

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Save-A-Tooth888-788-6684www.Save-A-Tooth.com

Every year, 800,000 teeth are knocked out during sports and only 10 percent of athletes consistently wear mouthguards. Knocked-out teeth begin to die within

15 minutes. Save-A-Tooth can preserve and nourish knocked-out teeth for up

to 24 hours. Save-A-Tooth is a scientifi-cally proven system with a cell-preserv-ing solution and a suspension basket that protects and saves tooth root cells. Protect your athletes by keeping a Save-A-Tooth on hand. Information about knocked-out teeth and Save-A-Tooth can be obtained at the Save-A-Tooth Web site or by calling the company.

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WissTech Enterprises800-809-8184www.wisstechenterprises.com

WissTech Enterprises offers a com-plete line of indoor and outdoor porta-ble drinking fountains. The company’s Hydration Station is manufactured

for durability and features an all-welded cart with industrial casters

and wheels to ensure years of worry-free ser-vice. Durable chrome-plated brass drink-ing valves are easy to use and warranted

against breakage. The Hydration Station is produced in 20-, 25-, and 50-gallon capacities. The new drinking cart is intended for indoor use.

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Wobenzym USA888-766-4406www.wobenzym.com/tandc

Wobenzym®N Crème provides fast, penetrating relief for minor arthritis

pain, back pain, muscle pain, and sports injuries. It incorporates traditional herbs used for centuries in Asia and Europe to help ease surface pain. Bromelain and Papain help promote robust cir-culation and normalize inflammation. This prod-uct has been validated by the latest research to

interfere with COX-2 activity. Visit the Wobenzym Web site to learn more.

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efi Offers a Site Worth Bookmarkingefi Sports Medicine® has created an outstanding Web site for high-quality athletic training equipment and the latest industry knowl-edge. Discover a new and improved Total Gym® exercise library and choose the right equipment for you and your athletes. View product comparison charts, efficiently position equipment using the footprint calculator, and check out the interactive return-on-investment calculator for group training sessions. The site is filled with tools to support your practice. There are Total Gym commercial models, accessories, and videos, plus functional training products like PlyoRebounder™, medicine balls, Cuff Link™, Super Swimflex Max, and more. Get listed with the online efi network—an opportunity for referrals and networking. Check it all out for yourself.www.efisportsmedicine.com

WerkSan Barbell’s Site Does Heavy Lifting for YouWant an easy way to learn about WerkSan’s wide selection of high-quality weight training equipment? Visit the company’s Web site and see how all the information you need is just a click away. See photos and read product details for weight sets, racks and platforms, bumpers, training products, and even performance apparel for the serious lifter. The site also explains WerkSan’s guarantees and return policy, provides shipping info, and more. Go online today—you’ll be glad you did.www.werksanusa.com

Wish Publishing: Bringing the Experts to You for Nearly a DecadeWish Publishing was started in 1999 as the first women’s sports publishing company. Since that time, it has published a vari-ety of books to help athletes make the most of their conditioning regimens. Wish Publishing has released conditioning books written by the best in the strength training business, including Matt Brzycki, Coordinator of Recreational Fitness and Wellness Programs at Princeton University, noted biomechanist and kinesiologist Dr. Michael Yessis, and respected fitness authors Joe Luxbacher and Lisa Wolfe. The company also publishes a diverse collection of sport skill development titles, covering every-thing from basketball to rugby. Discounts are available on most titles.www.wishpublishing.com


Here is what these companies are most known for...

The leader in sports & industrial hydration.

www.waterboysports.com

Equipment for training without straining.

www.shuttlesystems.com

Customized taping stations and treatment furniture for athletic trainers, built PROTEAM tough.

www.proteamtables.com

Educate...Motivate...Elevate.nccpt.com

An excellent strength-enhancing, power-producing conditioning tool.

www.thexvest.com

Supplier of quality tools and resources for more than 30 years.

www.optp.com/ad

Uniquely designed products with unparalleled comfort and effectiveness.

www.injurybegone.com

WerkSan has a strong worldwide reputation for high-quality weightlifting equipment.

www.werksanusa.com

Created for the extreme demands of high-level athletic training.

www.nzmfg.com

World-class manufacturer of adjustable, portable taping and treatment tables.

www.oakworkspt.com

Supplier of functional exercise equipment for rehabilitation and athletic training.

www.totalgym.com

Highly respected strength and conditioning and personal training certifications.

www.nsca-cc.org

Radically increase game-winning intensity, first-step-quickness, and vertical jump.

www.vertimax.com

Save-A-Tooth by Phoenix-Lazerus is an emergency knocked-out tooth preserving system.

www.save-a-tooth.com

Winning taste... Championship results.

www.cytosport.com

Manufacturer and distributor of advanced-technology medical and rehabilitation equipment, supplies, and treatment tables.

www.dynatronics.com

Building equipment for football champions for 35 years.

www.rogersathletic.com

A leader in lifesaving training for more than 95 years.

www.redcross.org

Calling Cards

CEU QUIZ


T&C September 2007Volume XVII, No. 6

Training & Conditioning is pleased to provide NATA and NSCA members with the opportunity to earn continuing educa-tion units through reading issues of the magazine. The following quiz is based on articles that appear in this issue of Training & Conditioning. By satisfactorily completing the quiz and mailing it to MAG, Inc., readers can earn 2.0 BOC Athletic Training and 0.2 NSCA (two hours) continuing education units.

Instructions: Fill in the circle on the answer form (on page 66) that represents the best answer for each of the questions below. Complete the form at the bottom of page 66, include a $20 payment to MAG, Inc., and mail it by October 15, 2007 to the following address: MAG, Inc., ATTN: T&C 17.6 Quiz, 31 Dutch Mill Road, Ithaca, NY 14850. Readers who correctly answer 70 percent of the questions will be notified of their earned credit by mail no later than December 1, 2007.

A Moral Compass (pages 12-15)Objective: Help your athletic training students to understand the NATA’s Code of Ethics and how to apply it to their professional life after college.

1. When asked by a booster for information on an athlete’s injury, the NATA Code of Ethics requires you to:a) Go to the coach and tell him the booster is asking too

many questions.b) Treat the athlete’s medical details as privileged informa-

tion.c) Tell whether the athlete will be able to start next week.d) Call a news conference to announce the athlete’s status.

2. In a scenario where a high school basketball coach requests the ATC to tape the starting players’ ankles and give the non-starters ankle braces, what should the ATC be considering?a) NATA members shall not discriminate against any legally

protected class.b) Following the coach’s request to save money.c) The fact that this is privileged information.d) Instant legal action and file a lawsuit.

3. The athletic training profession relies on _____.a) Other professions to police ATCs.b) Random audits and board visits.c) Consumer reporting of violations.d) Self-policing of ATCs by ATCs.

Timing It Right (pages 17-24)Objective: See what it takes to use nutrient tim-ing during the season and nutrition periodization throughout the year to an athlete’s advantage.

4. Scheduling meals and snacks across a 24-hour period to be well-fueled for workouts and maximize recovery afterward is known as what?a) Periodization.b) Carb loading.c) Glycogen storage.d) Nutrient timing.

5. Adjusting eating across the year to maintain the appropriate nutrition status is known as what?a) Nutrient timing.b) Carb loading.c) Nutrition periodization.d) Glycogen storage.

6. The part of the day when an athlete is working out or com-peting is referred to as the:a) Anabolic phase.b) Energy phase.c) Recovery phase.d) Catabolic phase.

7. What is the main recommended component for nutritional intake during the energy phase?a) Hydration.b) Protein.c) Calories.d) Fat.

8. An athlete playing at 70 percent VO2 max needs to consume _____ milliliters of fluid every _____ minutes.a) 100-200; 20.b) 200-300; 20.c) 100-200; 40.d) 300-400; 60.

9. When the body is in a catabolic state, it is preparing for a period of _____ right after exercise.a) Intense anabolism.b) Insulin sensitivity.c) Rehydration.d) Catabolism.

10. The body will not automatically transition from catabolism to anabolism after a completed workout until the athlete does what?a) Rehydrates.b) Performs a cool-down.c) Stretches.d) Ingests the correct nutrients.

11. After an aerobic workout, the athlete needs how many grams of carbohydrates per kilogram of body weight?a) .5-1.0.b) 1.0-1.5.c) 1.5-2.0.d) 2.0-2.5.

12. Todd Wright teaches his athletes to refuel within _____ minutes after exercise for optimal recovery and future perfor-mance.a) 45.b) 60.c) 90.d) 120.


Class & Clinic (pages 26-31)Objective: Understand how Slippery Rock University overcame the obstacles of giving its athletic training students the right education and satisfying the athletic department at the same time.

13. This article indicates it requires _____ to blend the athletic training educational program with the athletic training clini-cal program.a) Teamwork and communication.b) The willingness to work longer hours.c) Access to e-mail and quick e-mail responses.d) Ability to anticipate all needs of co-workers.

Let the Season Begin (pages 32-37)Objective: See how strength coaches are working with sport coaches and athletes to continue strength train-ing during their in-season months.

14. The main goals of strength training during the competition months are:a) Strength gains.b) Maintenance and recovery.c) Improved endurance.d) Toning.

15. It only takes _____ hours of no weight lifting to see the onset of muscle atrophy.a) 24.b) 48.c) 72.d) 96.

16. According to Patrick McHenry, there is research that shows:a) No effect to lifting on game days.b) Negative effects to lifting on game days.c) Positive effects to lifting on game days.d) Negative effects to in-season weight lifting.

Starting at the Bottom (pages 39-44)Objective: Learn how bone spurs may be the cause for complaint of recurring heel pain and how to treat it on an individual basis.

17. Besides the heel, what is another common site for spurring to occur?a) Insertion of the anterior tibialis.b) Insertion of the extensor digitorum. c) Distal attachment of the rotator cuff tendon.d) Distal attachment of the quadriceps tendon.

18. Tightness of the gastrocnemius-soleus complex may lead to what?a) Calcification within the soft tissue.b) Bone spur on the proximal talus.c) Bone spur on the posterior heel.d) Bone spur on the plantar aspect of the foot.

19. Tightness of the plantar fascia places a stress on the connec-tive tissue attachments that may lead to spurring at the:a) Proximal talus.b) Posterior heel.c) Dorsal aspect of the foot.d) Plantar aspect of the foot.

20. In jumping, the gastrocnemius and the soleus perform force production in plantar flexion of the foot and ankle as well as an even greater role in what?a) Inversion.b) Stabilization of the midfoot.c) Lateral movement.d) Force reduction.

21. One problem area to look for related to ankle function is:a) Weakness of the posterior tibialis.b) The Q-angle.c) Increased longitudinal tension at the tendinous or ligamen-

tous attachment.d) Hyerflexion of the gastrocnemius.

22. When the foot is dorsiflexed, the talus moves _____ to fill the space in the mortise.a) Superiorly.b) Inferiorly.c) Posteriorly.d) Inferiorly.

23. Lack of ankle dorsiflexion causes what?a) The tibia to externally rotate and the femur to adduct and

internally rotate.b) The tibia to internally rotate and the femur to externally

rotate.c) The fibula to shift anteriorly.d) The sacroiliac joint to rotate anteriorly.

Strength to Spare (pages 45-48)Objective: Gain an understanding of what it takes to keep a bowling team in top shape.

24. Each Vanderbilt bowler throws a bowling ball how times during an average practice?a) 200-300.b) 300-350.c) 300-400.d) 350-450.

25. The _____ component of this program consists of a general warmup.a) Injury prevention. b) Movement preparation.c) Metabolic conditioning.d) Resistance training.

Answer sheet is on page 66

CEU QUIZ ANSWER FORM


Instructions: Fill in the circle on the answer form below that represents your selection of the best answer for each of the previ-ous questions. Complete the form at the bottom of this page, include a $20 payment to MAG, Inc., and mail it to the following address: MAG, Inc., ATTN: T&C 17.6 Quiz, 31 Dutch Mill Road, Ithaca, NY 14850, no later than October 15, 2007. Readers who correctly answer 70 percent of the questions will receive 2.0 BOC Athletic Training and 0.2 NSCA (two hours) CEU’s, and will be notified of their earned credit by mail no later than December 1, 2007.

Last Name ____________________________________ First Name _______________________________ MI______

Title ______________________________________________________________________________________________

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A B C D A B C D

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ADDITIONAL EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS


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Circle No. 139

Primary Care Sports Medicine ConferenceSeptember 14-15, 2007

Presented by the Family Medicine Residency Program

St. Joseph’s Hospital Health Center, Medical Education4104 Medical Center Drive, Fayetteville, NY

For moreinformation phone:

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• Complete quizzes found in the NSCA’s Strength & Conditioning Journal

• Complete online quizzes at www.nsca-cc.org

EARN BOC CEUs

Toll-free: 888-746-2378 I Online: www.nsca-cc.org E-mail: [email protected]

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The following associations offer services of interest to our T&C readers.

Association Corner

All NATA certified athletictrainers are eligible to receivea free subscription to T&C.

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For dates, locations, and session information call800-815-6826, or visit www.nsca-lift.org

• Optimum Performance Training™ method• Performance Enhancement Specialist (PES) certification• OPT™ for Performance Enhancement workshops• Continuing education for NASM, NATA and NSCA • Clinical Applications

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The PTP provides resources and services for allsports medicine professionals.

Visit www.proteamphysicians.com to find a PTP doctor, ask a question of a PTP doctor, orexplore the educational materials from PTP regarding

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Circle No. 140

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Circle No. 141

Documents

Training & Conditioning 17.6