Understanding the Micro & Macro-environment of Wildlife Criminal Dynamics

of Ivory and Rhino horn in Africa: Prosecution driven Investigations and

RhoDIS

Dr. Joseph Okori: WWF African Rhino Programme Leader

Symposium on Combating Wildlife Crime:Securing Enforcement, Ensuring Justice and Upholding

the Rule of LawQueen Sirikit National Convention Center

Bangkok, Thailand10‐12 March 2013

Trafficking of rhino horn from Africa to East Asian Markets

Supply, demand and dynamic transit points and ports

Macroscopic dimensions of

rhino horn trade and trafficking

Micro-Trafficking

environmentRhoDIS as a tool

Prosecution driven

Investigations

Syndicated wildlife criminals

in AfricaGlobal Market Demand for

Ivory & Rhino Horn Primary

Poachers(Dedicated)

Secondary Poachers

(Extra Income)

Linked to other Crimes

Established & Domesticated

Transient

Primary Consumers

International Routes

Local Markets

The Micro-trafficking Environment: The Grass Root Engagement

Illegal Market

Legal Horn

Trophies & 1-off’s

DriversShifts

Final Consumers?

King-Pins2007-2013 = 0

Traffickers (Local & Transnational)

>25

Poachers 2012 = 267

Prosecution Driven Investigations

Prosecutions Investigations

Poaching and Trade Chain

Crime Scenes

History, relations,Revenue, Customs

Drivers

Diverse end markets Se

nten

cing

South Africa - Arrests 2013 2012 2011 2010 KNP 26 73 82 67 MNP 0 0 0 0 Gauteng (GP) 3 26 16 10 Mpumalanga (MP) 1 66 73 16 Eastern Cape (EC) 0 0 2 7 Limpopo (LP) 11 43 34 36 North West (NW) 8 32 21 2 Free State (FS) 0 6 0 0 KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) 1 20 4 25 Western Cape (WC) 0 0 0 2 Northern Cape (NC) 0 1 0 0 Total 50 267 232 165

Rhino Poaching Arrest Statistics

A SA-DEAT Press release

Crime Scene

Recognition of Nature and

form of Threat

Ecological and

economic Impact

Enabling conditions for WC to

thrive

Awareness of

Seriousness of Wildlife

Crime

Purpose: Using Investigative strategies and tools to understand criminal networks, expose them and ensure successful prosecutions

Prosecution driven investigations allows for untangling poaching and trafficking chains with the aim of bring criminals to face justice.

Expert witnesses & Aggravation of Sentencing

Chain of Evidence

GEF INTERPOL

SADC-RESG CITES LATF

A WWF Contribution to:

Thank you