Intelligent and Automatic Traffic Controller System

Under the guidance of:Prof. Anindya Sen

Prepared by :Diptesh Datta, ECE-B, 1352076Rohan Singh, ECE-B, 1352069Akash Chowdhury, ECE-B, 1352062Shaoli Ghosh, ECE-D, 1352181

MotivationHeavy Traffic Jams due to traffic congestion. Ever increasing number of road accidents.No traffic, but still need to wait. Lack of Traffic Information to users.Requirement of manpower.Human error in traffic controlling.

Safety and time saving is the top most priority in traffic control.

IntroductionMost of the present day systems use pre-determined timing circuits to operate traffic signals which are not very efficient because they do not operate according to the current volume of traffic at the crossing. In Intelligent Traffic Control Systems (ITCS) the vehicular density of the vehicles on the road is taken into account and accordingly the traffic light changes. If it detects high vehicular density in a particular lane then the traffic light is green for a larger duration as compared to when the lane is sparsely populated with vehicles. It works on the principle that it tries to maintain the traffic density same in all the lanes at a particular point of time. This system requires absolutely no human intervention and herein lies the biggest advantage.

Literature survey

Wireless IR

sensors based ITCS

RFID tags

based ITCS

Image processing based

ITCS

RFID tags based ITCS The key idea of vehicular traffic control system is based on the

principle of RFID tracking of vehicles, a topic on which many organizations are doing extensive research. The ITCS is comprised of a set of two RFID readers, separated by some distance, in each direction of a road crossing and also has a Central Computer System (CCS) to control them all.

Components:RFID readerRFID tagsCentral Computer System

Central Database Processing Decision making section

RFID tags based ITCS

Working principle of the RFID based ITCS

RFID tags based ITCS

Wireless Sensors based ITCSUse of Wireless Sensor Technology to sense presence of

traffic near any circle or junction and then able to route the traffic based on traffic availability.

Microcontroller based routing algorithm programmed for excellent traffic management.

Wireless Sensors based ITCS

Block diagram of the proposed system

Power ADC

Transceiver

External Memory

Sensor 1

Sensor 2

Micro-controller

Block Diagram of a Mote

Wireless Sensors based ITCS

Advantages of using a mote :The controller monitors one or more sensors. It is easy to

interface all sorts of sensors, including sensors for temperature, light, sound, position, acceleration, vibration, stress, weight, pressure, humidity, etc. with the mote.

Motes are also easy to program, either by using serial or Ethernet cable to connect to the programming board or by using Over the Air Programming (OTAP).

As motes shrink in size and power consumption, it is possible to imagine solar power or even something exotic like vibration power to keep them running.

Wireless Sensors based ITCS

ALGORITHM

Image processing based ITCSImage Processing is a technique to enhance raw images received from cameras/sensors. It is well recognized that vision-based camera system are more versatile for traffic parameter estimation. Image tracking of moving vehicles can give us quantitative description of traffic flow. Image Processing systems for ITCS is becoming widely popular due to easy availability of powerful personnel computers, large memory devices, graphics softwares and many more.

Following are the steps involved

Image acquisition RGB to gray conversion Image enhancement Image matching using edge detection

RGB to Grayscale Conversion

Grayscale images also known as black-and-white, are composed exclusively of shades of gray, varying from black at the weakest intensity to white at the strongest.

Edge detectionEdge detection with actual vehicular image

Edge detection is the name for a set of mathematical methods which aims at identifying points in a digital image at which the image has discontinuities.

Image Boolean Edge Detector

Canny Edge Detector

Gamma correction

Gamma correction, is the name of a nonlinear operation used to code and decode luminance values in video or still image systems.

Result 1: Matching between 10 to 50% - green light on for 30 seconds.

Result 2: Matching between 50 to 70% - green light on for 15 seconds.

Result 3: Matching between 70 to 90% - green light on for 10 seconds.

Result 4: Matching between 90 to 100% - red light on for 30 seconds.

Image processing based ITCS

Reference image

Image 1 Total vehicles:3

Image 2Total

vehicles:5

Pros & ConsPros: Differential priorities can be assigned to vehicles.

Ambulances, Fire Brigades and VIP vehicles can be given unrestricted passage irrespective of the volume of traffic.

Reportedly stolen vehicles, or vehicles booked for offence can be tracked and the time and direction of travel can be obtained.

E-Tolling of vehicles can be done (for all directions or for any particular direction of travel).

Cons: Initial setup cost is high.An emergency cannot be automated and normally requires

human intervention. ITCS fails in extreme weather conditions.

Comparative StudyBased on accuracy the discussed methods can be ordered as follows:

Image processing based ITCS RFID based ITCS Wireless sensors based ITCS

Overall Image Processing technique is good but it still needs improvement to achieve 100% accuracy.

Depending upon the location of the camera at the road level the filmed scenes can be used for number plate recognition.

Speed of vehicles can be detected and eventually it can help the traffic management system and the police to get better control over the traffic flow of the particular location.

Traffic Monitoring at night will become simpler as compared to the traditional patrol team scanning the roads because it uses actual traffic images.

It can be made self sustainable in energy needs by installing solar panels.

Future scope

Reference Pallavi Choudekar et. al. / Indian Journal of Computer Science and Engineering

(IJCSE) “REAL TIME TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROL USING IMAGE PROCESSING”

G. Lloyd Singh, M. Melbern Parthido , R. Sudha “Embedded based Implementation: Controlling of Real Time Traffic Light using Image Processing”

Chandrasekhar. M, Saikrishna. C, Chakradhar. B, Phaneendra Kumar. P & Sasanka. C “Traffic Control Using Digital Image Processing”

Rashid Hussian, Sandhya Sharma,Vinita Sharma, Sandhya Sharm “WSN Applications: Automated Intelligent Traffic Control System Using Sensors” International Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering (IJSCE) ISSN: 2231-2307, Volume-3, Issue-3, July 2013 77

Prof. Uma Nagaraj, Jinendra Rathod, Prachi Patil, Sayali Thakur, Utsav Sharma / International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com Vol. 3, Issue 2, March -April 2013, pp.1087-1091 1087 “Traffic Jam Detection Using Image Processing”