Lingua e Traduzione I : prassi traduttiva EN<=>ITA

BA_MediazioneAnno I, Semestre 2

This week’s class:

→ Revision of last week’s text

Any questions about it?

→ Theory: Overt & Covert Translations

→ Grammar point: present perfect and past simple

→ text types: brochures

→ translating informative content

“subject, example of the romantic style of that period” → explicitation of relative clause“OPERA ESPOSTA”→ work on display/ exhibited work“Pochi mesi dopo” → a few months after/ within a few months from“La tela” → the canvas, but better the painting “Exposure” → mistranslation “the native country” → motherland, homeland

“Il legato”→ SL is misleading, “il legato di” is not a person rather a legacy/inheritance.“Uno dei dipinti più riprodotti di tutto l’Ottocento italiano”→ the adjective “Italian” cannot be there, 2 options: transform the adjective into a periphrasis (“in Italy”) move the adjective to qualify the painting rather than the century (“Italian painting”).Avoid short forms

Homework: “Il Bacio” - “The kiss”

Overt translation: a TT that does not “pretend” to be an original.

e.g. M. Luther King’s 1963“I have a dream” speech,

literary works

Overt & Covert translation (House, 2006)

Covert translation: a TT which enjoys the status of an original ST in the target culture, i.e. the ST is not particularly linked to the source culture or audience/readership.

E.g. EU legislation, instruction, manuals, technical reports, tourist brochures

→ Not an absolute distinction, it involves a series of possibilities between two extremes

Covert translation: elements that remind the audience of the ST’s origin and discourse environment is suppressed.

A cultural filter is applied to the entire ST or to parts of it in order to identify and reduce cognitive and sociocultural differences and expectations between source and target cultures.

→ Cultural Specific Items are the elements in the text that might remind the audience of the ST’s foreignness and to which we apply cultural filters.

Notion of Cultural Filter and CSI (House, 2006)

Grammar Point: Present perfect and Past simple

Passato prossimo → Present perfect and Past simple

1. “I saw the movie”2. “I have seen the movie”

1. & 2.: both actions are in the past1. → specific time in the past2. → unspecific time in the past

With time expressions:

1. “I saw the movie yesterday”2. “I have seen that movie today”

1. → specific point in the past, it is in the past 2. → it is in the past but it is still today

Present Perfect Simple Past

Il periodo di tempo in cui si è svolta l'azione non è ancora concluso

Il periodo di tempo in cui si è svolta l'azione è completamente concluso

I have seen 3 movies this week (questa settimana non si è ancora conclusa)I saw 3 movies last week (la scorsa settimana è definitivamente conclusa)

Grammar Point: Present perfect and Past simple

Present Perfect Past Simple

Notizie o informazioni recenti i cui effetti si fanno ancora sentire al presente

Notizie o informazioni ormai datate che non hanno più effetto al presente

Martin has crashed his car again (questa è una informazione recente e intende forse sottolineare che Martin non ha l'auto a disposizione in quanto è dal meccanico in riparazione)Martin crashed his car last year (questa è una vecchia notizia che non comporta alcun effetto al presente)

Grammar Point: Present perfect and Past simple

Present Perfect Past Simple

Il periodo di tempo può non essere specificato

Il periodo di tempo è sempre specificato, anche in modo sottinteso

I have seen that movie already (Non sappiamo quando)I saw that movie on Thursday (Sappiamo esattamente quando, giovedì)

Grammar Point: Present perfect and Past simple

Take 5.

Translators’ task: “is [...] their capacity of mediating [their knowledge on a specific subject], so as to make it available to a type of tourist who is necessarily different from that targeted by the original work” (Agorni, 2012)

Translating for tourism: a form of cross-cultural communication

→ information has to be delivered from SL to TL and take into account both the source and the target culture

→ importance of:

AudienceCross-cultural aspects ofcommunication

• Informative• reference book• report• play• tourist brochure sermon• electoral speech•• advertisement•poem•Expressive Operative

Translating for tourism: understanding textual functions (Reiss, 2004)

Text type Informative Expressive Operative

Languagefunction

Representing facts

Expressing attitude

Making an appeal

Language dimension

Logical Aesthetic Dialogical

Text focus Content focused Form focused Appellative focused

TT should Transfer content Transfer aesthetic form

Elicit desired response

Translation method

Plain prose, clarification

Adopt ST perspective

Equivalent effect

Translating for tourism: informative and operative texts

Informative → info has to be transferred to audience (tourists);

Content expressed clearly;

Operative → audience (tourists) is directly addressed;

content/form has to be appealing & entertaining

Marketing/promotional component

(cross-)Cultural component

ST-TT Text analysis: VisitScotland.com

https://www.visitscotland.com/

“Scotland a spirit of its own”

TRAVEL

TRAVELLING TO & AROUND SCOTLAND

https://www.visitscotland.com/it-it/

“Scozia, uno spirito unico”

VIAGGI

COME ARRIVARE E COME MUOVERSI IN SCOZIA

Info +promotion

Qualunque sia la vostra provenienza, raggiungere la Scozia è comodo e semplice, grazie a una molteplicità di opzioni di viaggio disponibili.

Wherever you are coming from, travelling to Scotland is convenient and simple, with lots of travel options available.

ST-TT Text analysis: VisitScotland.com

You are coming from → “Provenienza”Convenient → false friend!

Lots of travel options → “molteciplità di opzioni di viaggio”

ST-TT Text analysis: VisitScotland.com

Once here, the country's road, rail and ferry network provides good access to all regions and to our many great visitor destinations.

Una volta arrivati, la rete stradale e ferroviaria e i servizi traghetto vi consentono di raggiungere facilmente tutte le regioni e molte delle straordinarie destinazioni turistiche del Paese.

Provides good access to→ “permette di raggiungere facilmente”Visitor destinations → “destinazioni turistiche”

ST-TT Text analysis: VisitScotland.com

Once here, the country's road, rail and ferry network provides good access to all regions and to our many great visitor destinations.

Una volta arrivati, la rete stradale e ferroviaria e i servizi traghetto vi consentono di raggiungere facilmente tutte le regioni e molte delle straordinarie destinazioni turistiche del Paese.

Provides good access to→ “permette di raggiungere facilmente”Visitor destinations → “destinazioni turistiche”

1.A romantic, evocative and historically significant ruined Castle, perched on a giant conglomerate on the edge of the North-Sea. Once seen - never forgotten.

ST Text analysis: Dunnottar Castle

1. Noun + attributes: adjectives + noun; noun, past participleCastle → NounAdj. → romantic, evocative,

significant, ruinedPast part. → perched on

ST Text analysis: Dunnottar Castle

2. Imperative form: visit, dicoverReptetitions: DunnottarFalse friend: “impregnable”Possible mistranslation: “colourful past”

2. Visit Dunnottar Castle for an unforgettable experience and discover the importance of Dunnottar – an impregnable fortress that holds many rich secrets of Scotland’s colourful past.

ST Text analysis: Dunnottar Castle

3. Noun + attributes (adjectives, nouns)Noun: FortressAdj.: dramatic, evocativeNouns: cliff top → ruined fortress on top of a cliff“In the land” → generalization: Scotland

3. The dramatic and evocative ruined cliff top fortress was the home of the Earls Marischal, once one of the most powerful families in the land.

ST Text analysis: Dunnottar Castle

4.William Wallace, Mary Queen of Scots, the Marquis of Montrose and the future King Charles II have graced the Castle with their presence. Most famously though, it was at Dunnottar Castle that a small garrison held out against the might of Cromwell’s army for eight months and saved the Scottish Crown Jewels, the ‘Honours of Scotland’, from destruction.

4. To grace → to lend or add grace toTo hold out (against) → to refus to yield/submitGarrison → troops in a fortified place

Opening hours: Summer (April 1st - September 30th): 09:00 - 18:00Winter (October 1st - March 31st): 10:00 - 17:00 or half an hour before sunset, whichever is sooner. Last entry is 30 minutes prior to closing time.

Prices: Adult £7Child £3Family £17

ST Text analysis: Dunnottar Castle

FACILITIES: Parking, Pets WelcomeTHEMES: Weddings, RomanticPETS: Pets WelcomeLOCATION: Coastal LocationACCESSIBILITY: Partially suitable for visitors with limited Mobility; Large print, braille or audioPAYMENT METHODS:Cash, Debit Card, Credit CardTRANSPORT AND PARKING:On Public Transport RouteCoach ParkingParking

ST Text analysis: Dunnottar Castle

NOW TRANSLATE!

Homework: translate IT>EN “Palazzo Costabili”

Analyse ST

Think about its function

Think about TT audience

→ homework for next class:

3 volunteers should send me their translation by next Saturday

→ theory: functionalism

→ grammar point: present perfect continuous

→ Instructional texts

Next class we will