Traditions and Change in East Asia

Ch.27 objectives: Describe the changes and continuities in

Chinese government Explain the changes in Confucianism Analyze changes within the Chinese

economy Explain the process of unification in Japan

during the Tokugawa Era

Directions: Use the terms, names, and concepts provided to create a mind map of Early Modern China.

A mind map is a collection of ideas, terms, names, and concepts that are arranged in an orderly fashion to convey meaning.

What is a mind map?

Directions: Use the terms/names provided to create a mind map based on Ch.27.

Each term/name should be connected to at least one other term/name.

An explanation of at least two sentences should be included between each connection.

There should be an order to the arrangement of your mind map.

Your first task is to figure our where the story of Early Modern China begins.

Step #1

The Analects

Civil Service Exams

xiao

As teachings attributed to Confucius, the Analects were the basis of knowledge assessed during the civil service exams in China. These exams were used to find candidates to fill the larger centralized bureaucracies of the Ming and Qing governments.

As a collection of Confucius’ teachings , the Analects include lessons pertaining to the ethic of xiao or filial piety. This concept was significant because in encouraged individuals to have respect for family members and leadership, thus creating social order in Chinese society.

The Analects

Civil Service Exams

xiao

As teachings attributed to Confucius, the Analects were the basis of knowledge assessed during the civil service exams in China. These exams were used to find candidates to fill the larger centralized bureaucracies of the Ming and Qing governments.

As a collection of Confucius’ teachings , the Analects include lessons pertaining to the ethic of xiao or filial piety. This concept was significant because in encouraged individuals to have respect for family members and leadership, thus creating social order in Chinese society.

Ming Dynasty After collapse of the Yuan Dynasty Hongwu erased Mongol influence

Study of Chinese cultural traditions Confucian Traditions Imperial academies and colleges

Tightly Centralized state Great Wall project (Revived by the Ming

Dynasty) 1550 miles long, 33-49 feet high

Ming Decline & Collapse

Chinese pirates are active Corruption, indulgence,

and inefficiency led to their demise

Powerful famines strike the Ming-Peasants suffer & rebel-Manchus from North take over the Forbidden City - Beijing

Qing Dynasty (Manchu Rule) Pastoral Nomads Qing Dynasty (“Pure”)

1644-1911 Centralized State

(Consolidate Tibet, Mongolia, China etc.) Kangxi Qianlong

Outlawed intermarriage

Conquest

Qianlong on Chinese Trade with England

Based on the reading on pg.736, respond to the following on your Ch.27 Critical Thinking questions and connections:

1. Use the letter to King George III as evidence to contradict the 2nd theme of the Early Modern Era?

2. What was the strongest factor motivating China to take this approach with Europe?

“Son of Heaven” & Bureaucrats “Son of Heaven”:

Heavenly powers to maintain order on earth (similar to divine right in Europe)

Preparation for civil service exams Rigorous, competitive Result=wealth & status

Christianity in China

Matteo Ricci: Jesuit from Rome

- Spoke Chinese- Introduced science,

literature, math etc….- Chinese convert for a

short time- Strong European interest

Economic and Social Changes Filial Piety: Respect

towards parents (Strong) Boys preferred over girls

(female infanticide) Footbinding extremely

popular Arranged marriages

(Women could not divorce)

Economic and Social Changes cont… Spanish introduced maize,

sweet potatoes and peanuts - population

Technology slow down Silk, lacquerware etc…

being traded Chinese trading in SE

Asia (Silver)

Gentry

Working ClassPeasantsArtisans

Merchants

Mean PeopleSlaves

Indentured ServantsEntertainersProstitutes

BeggarsBoat People

Making Christianity Chinese

The wise take pleasure in rivers and lakes, the virtuous in mountains. - Confucius

Unification of Japan The Tokugawa Dynasty

1500s - “Sengoku”: Country at war

1600 - Tokugawa Ieyasu unifies Japan (Bakufu)

Strict rules for Daimyo (territorial lords)

Holds daimyo’s families at Edo every other year

Japan becomes isolationist (restrictive trading)

Economic & Social Change

With Peace came prosperity

Cotton, silk, indigo & sake

Population -Practiced population

control Neo-Confucianism:

Filial Piety, Native learning

Shogun

Daimyo

Samurai

Peasants

Artisans

Merchants

Christianity & Dutch Learning Anti-Christian Campaign

Death by crucifixion to European missionaries

Japanese Isolationism Traded with Dutch Received ideas of the outside world

Maritime technology, science, medicine, astronomy, literature

Politics in Japan

Tokugawa Shogun Entertainment & Pleasure Quarters Floating Worlds (Ukiyo)

Arts in Japan (Japanese Renaissance)

Part of urban culture Entertainment & Pleasure Quarters Floating Worlds (Ukiyo)