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Traditional Locations Where the Apostles Preached and Died
Jesus the Carpenter sold Thomas as a slave builder to Habban the Ambassador of King
Gondaphores of Taxila for 30 pieces of silver
A Dutch
Wall p
ainting sh
owing
Habban with
Thomas
Kodungaloor(Muziris)
SPICE ROUTE
SILK ROUTE
Bombay
St. Thomas AD 52 -72St. Thomas AD 52 -72
Cranganur where Thomas landed
Romans called it MuzirisRomans called it Muziris
THONDACCHAN AND THE FOUR SILVER COINS
At the time when the Kambiam Vallapil Nair Tharavad received these four silver coins from St.Thomas, they were unaware of it's correct origin or native name. They called it 'Rakta Velli'(Blood-Silver) or 'Parindhu Velli'(Eagle-Silver). Later they were allegedly identified as Shekels of Tyre, a common currency of Jerusalem
Gondophares Indo-Parthian king
was baptized by St.Thomas in Taxila
Coin of Gondophares (20-50 CE), first and greatest king of the Coin of Gondophares (20-50 CE), first and greatest king of the Indo-Parthian KingdomIndo-Parthian Kingdom..
Obv:Obv: Bust of Gondophares and Greek legend: Bust of Gondophares and Greek legend: BACIΛEΩC CΩTHPOC VNΔOΦEPPOV BACIΛEΩC CΩTHPOC VNΔOΦEPPOV
"King Gondophares, the Saviour"."King Gondophares, the Saviour".Rev:Rev: Winged Nike holding a diadem, with a Kharoshti legend: Winged Nike holding a diadem, with a Kharoshti legend:
MAHARAJASA GUDAPHANISA TRATARASA MAHARAJASA GUDAPHANISA TRATARASA "King Gondophares, the Saviour". "King Gondophares, the Saviour".
Kodungallur
Indoparthian
King
Gondaphores
China
Kavery
Mylapore
St. Thomas the Apostle was martyred (pierced with a lance) on July 3, 72 AD at Mylapore as he was praying in a mountain cave
TAXILA
Acts of ThomasAD 200-222
ByBardesan
the Syrian Philosopher – Poet
When Thomas arrived the
religious scenario was:
Aryan Vedic Religion
Budhism
Jainism
Almost dead
ACTS OF THOMASBARDESANES OF SYRIA 220 AD
The current status of the Relics preserved at Ortona - Italy
The relics of Thomas was moved to Edessa by Vasudeva !
From there it was later moved to Ortona, Italy
Vaseduva I gold coinVaseduva I gold coinVaseduva I may have been the Indian king who returned the relics Vaseduva I may have been the Indian king who returned the relics
of the Apostle St. Thomas from India to Edessa in 232 CE.of the Apostle St. Thomas from India to Edessa in 232 CE.The Indian king is named as "Mazdai" in Act of Thomas, The Indian king is named as "Mazdai" in Act of Thomas, "Misdeos" and "Misdeus" in Greek and Latin sources, is "Misdeos" and "Misdeus" in Greek and Latin sources, is
"Bazdeo" on the Kushan coinage of Vasudeva"Bazdeo" on the Kushan coinage of Vasudeva I I
"Mazdai" of Act of Thomas"Mazdai" of Act of Thomas
Many Keralites became Christians even before
St. Peter reached Rome in 68 A.D.
There are around 9 million Christians in Kerala at present.
In Kerala
Aryan Vedic ReligionAll Brahmins became Christians
We claim inheritance from those Brahmin families
Budhism
Jainism
These are atheistic religions.
They died out in Kerala
The 7 churches were
1.Cranganore (Maliankara)
2. Chavakad (Palur)
3. Parur near Alwaye
4. Gokamangalam,
5. Niranam
6. Nilakkal (Chayal)
7. Quilon (Kalyan).
Nilakkal is near Sabarimala,
MALABAR CHRISTIANS OF ANCIENT DAYS
Thomas ministry extended all over India and beyond. There must have existed churches all over India.
Barthelomew also came to India. There must have existed churches all over India.
He brought the Gospel of Mathew to India
Pantaneus 180 ADreports
CHRISTIANITY became HINDUISM
Through the Gnostic heresy from Iran
Through the heretic called Manicaen
Who came to India in 3rd C
Hinduism is a Christian Heresy
VaishnavismSaivism
We know that:
Christianity was in India
Among the Dravidians in Central India (Kaveri Area) there was a Church as early as 293 AD
There existed a thriving Christian community in Kerala at that time.
72 families of Christians of Vellala origin from Kavery Poopatanam of Pulur District on the River Kaveri arrived in Kollam (Quilon) in Kerala as refugees fleeing from the persecution in AD 293.
One Maniccavachagar followed them in AD 315 and reconverted them back to the Gnosticism.
There existed
Christia
ns in AP
areaIn Centra
l
India
Historically well documented Christian Kingdom of Villarvattom Pana Dynasty
lasted nearly a millennium from 510 to 1439 AD.
Kerala w
as the sa
fe
haven fo
r Chris
tians
In Kera
la
This kingdom was destroyed at the coming of the Portugese and the invasion of Roman Catholicism
was the main religion of
Kerala until
8thC AD
7th Century Persian Cross at the Kottayam St.Mary's Church
(Valiyapally)
Mahapilla’ or Mapila (Great Sons = Sons of the Kings)Kerala was ruled by Christians till 800 AD
“Nazrani" (People who follow Nazarenes)
Syria
n Im
mig
ratio
ns
Follo
win
g th
e pe
rsec
utio
ns o
f Chr
istia
ns in
Syr
ia
Syria
n Im
mig
ratio
ns
Follo
win
g th
e pe
rsec
utio
ns o
f Chr
istia
ns in
Syr
ia
Mor Sabor is believed to have been based at Quilon and Mor Aphroth at Udayamperoor. Some accounts suggest that Mor Aphroth was based at Kodungalloor.
Mor Aphroth is believed to have been instrumental in the conversion of the royal family of Udayamperoor to Christianity.
Chepped kept in the Marthoma Church Head Quarters Thiruvalla.
The Bishops who came from Babylonian Patriarchate were
Nestorians.
Though there were such ecclesiastical connections and ministrations, the
Church in Malabar was independent in administration under its own
Archdeacons. .
The Church in India founded by St.Thomas the Apostle,
remained monolithic till the advent of European
missionaries in the 15th century.
Since there were no Bibles in Malayalam, they brought Syrian priests to read and interpret them .
Clergy from Syria
Read and explained the Bible
Conducted rituals and looked after Spiritual
Matters
ChurchElected Archdecons
All Administrative jobs of the Church
An English journalist attended Sunday service in a local church in Kerala.
The priestly robes resembled the dress code of the
Jewish high priests.
The liturgy was written and recited in high tone,
in 'Syriac'
(a derivative Edessene dialect of Aramaic
which Jesus Christ Himself used).
St. James Liturgy
Nestorius was mentioned as a bishop in it.
The Assyrian Church of the East
The Nestorian Church, Trissur
Mar Aprem
Kerala Christians followed the Syrian liturgy.
Hence they were called Syrian Christians.
Vasco De Gama 1498 Portugese Colonization
ST. FRANCIS XAVIER: 1542
June 20, 1599
at the Village of Udayampoor,
Synod of Diampur.
153 Syrian priests and approximately 600 lay representatives were forced to sign the synod documents in which they "promised obedience and submission to the Roman Pontiff".
All documents of Kerala Christians were burned
We lost all our history prior to this period.
"We prohibit, also, the permitting of the laity to have the books of the Old or New Testament, unless any one should wish, from a feeling of
devotion, to have a Psalter or Breviary, for divine service, or the Hours of the Blessed Virgin. But we strictly forbid them to have the above-mentioned
books in the vulgar tongue."
Synod of Toulouse 1229
Portugese Dutch Denmark
French British
Portugese settlements:
CannoreMahi
CalicutCochin
Dutch Colonization
THE DUTCH WEST INDIA COMPANY
(De Westindische Compagnie), 3rd of June 1621.
Dutch were
Protestants
Syrian Orthodox Patriarch
Moran Mor Ignatius Ahattulla (Abdulla of Turabdin)enroute
he was imprisoned by the Portuguese navy
and was murdered and
drowned in sea in AD. 1653, by the Portuguese and their Roman Catholic counterparts.
Roman
Cat
holic
Dom
inat
ion
3rd January 1653 AD at
Mattancherry, under the leadership of
Archdeacon Thomas and a Knanaya priest, Anjilimmoottil Ittythomman Kathanar (Rev. Itty Thomas), about 25000 Syrian Christians held on to a rope tied to a
leaning cross (an ancient assyrian cross that had become leaning with
the passage of centuries) and pledged
Makaram 3rd, Friday
“We or our children and their children to all generations to come will have nothing to do with the Roman Catholic Church nor the Pope of Rome from now on."
French Colonization
British India
Colonization brought in
Colonial Exploitation +
Education and Missionaries
British India
BRITISH EMPIRE
Travancore State
Free – dependent
Viceroy
Christians were given lot of privileges.School system of education started.
1813 English Christian missionaries came to India They started Schools and colleges and Seminaries
The first Anglican mission (Church Mission Society) started to work in Kerala in 1816.
Malayalam grammar was written Hermen Gondert in 1872 They started English schools and published the Bible in Malayalam.
Hermen Gondert
The Synod of Mavelikara (1818) officially decided to have close Cooperation between the missionaries and the Syrians.
Kottayam Pazhaya Seminary
Kottayam CMS Press (1821) by Benjamin Baily.
The first newspaper was the 'Rajya Samacharam‘ (National News) which was printed at Basel Missions Press in 1847
'Jyana Nikshepam'(Knowledge Compendium) News paper was started in 1847 by Bailey
1829:Through the efforts of Rev. Benjamin Bailey a
Malayalam New Testament
is published
He was the first Principal of the Kottayam CMS College.
1836 March 8:C.M.S. Missionaries and their supporters meet at Mallapally and inaugurate the Anglican Church.
1836 the Malankara Church decided to sever all ties with CMS
1837-1845:Abraham Malpan of Palakunnathu
(Maramon) starts
Reform Movement
The changes made by Abraham Malpan in the liturgy of the Holy Communion were as follows:
• All invocations to the saints were removed.
• All prayers for the dead were removed.
• In the prayer of consecration of the bread in Holy communion the prayer, "Thee who holdest the extremities of the universe, I hold in my hand; Thee, who rulest the depths, I grasp with my hand", and the statement at the time of partaking of the bread, "Thee, who are God, I put into my mouth", were deleted.
• Instead of the prayer: "We offer into Thee, O Lord, this bloodless sacrifice (referring to the Eucharist) on behalf of Thy Holy Church which is in all the world", the following prayer was inserted: "We offer into Thee, O Lord, this prayer on behalf of Thy Holy Church which is in all the world", leaving out the words "bloodless sacrifice" and inserting instead "this prayer".
• The declaration that “Living Sacrifice is offered” (the reference is again to the Eucharist), was changed into: "living sacrifice, which is the sacrifice of grace, peace, and praise".
• The declaration: "this Eucharist is sacrifice and praise" was deleted.
• The declaration that “the Holy Spirit is the sanctifier of the censor” was deleted.
• The note that the censor should be sanctified was taken away. The prayer: “Let Him (Holy Spirit) make this bread the life-giving and saving body of Jesus Christ”, was replaced by: “Let Him (Holy Spirit) come upon and make this bread to those who partake of it, the body of Jesus Christ for the remission of sins and life everlasting”. (This clearly teaches the Receptionist Theory.)
• The prayer: "Thou are the hard rock which was set against the tomb of our Redeemer" (referring to the Eucharist bread), was replaced by: “Thou art that tested and precious hard rock rejected by the builders” (converted it into a reference to Christ).
• The following changes were made to the practices of the Church:It was decided that the Eucharist should be administered in both kinds. The practice of auricular confession and obtaining absolution from the priests was abolished.
• The practice of celebrating the Eucharist when there was nobody to partake of it was abolished
He translated Holy Qurbana into Malayalam.
He eliminated prayers for the dead in 1837 for which they were excommunicated by Dionysius IV in 1837. He retreated to his parish at Maramon and celebrated this Qurbana.
He drowned the wooden image of a saint called Moothappan from the Church.
He sent his nephew Deacon Mathew, who was then studying in Madras, to the Patriarch at Mardin in Syria. The Patriarch, ordained him as priest and consecrated him as Metropolitan, with the name
Mathews Mar Athanasius got the royal proclamation in 1852 declaring him as the Metropolitan of the Malankara Church.
Rt. Rev. Mathews Mar Athanasius Metrapolitan ( 1843 - 1877 )
Malankara Throne
Used in 1655 onward
1875 Mathews Mar Athanasius was deposed by Ignatius Mar Peter IV, patriarch of Antioch, who visited India that year.
Consequent to this excommunication, Mar Athanasius and his followers were deprived of all the churches and properties.
The Church plunged into a litigation known as the
'Seminary Case'. ".
LOGO of
THE MARTHOMA CHURCH
Valia Metropolitan (Retired)Valia Metropolitan (Retired)
Most Rev. Dr. Philipose Mar Chrysostom Mar Most Rev. Dr. Philipose Mar Chrysostom Mar ThomaThoma
Metropolitan
Rt. Rev. Dr. Joseph Mar Irenaeus Poolatheen, Tiruvalla - 689 101
Phone: 0469 2630 313, 0469 2601210
E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]
Episcopa ( North America, UK & Europe Diocese)
Rt. Rev. Dr. Euyakim Mar CoorilosSinai Mar Thoma Center,2320, S. Merrick Avenue,MerrickNY- 11566, USA
Phone: 001 516 377 3311
Fax: 001 516 377 3322
E mail: [email protected]
Maramon Convention
Suffragon Metropolitan ( Diocese of Chengannur-Mavelikara)
Rt. Rev. Dr. Zacharias Mar Theophilus Oliver Aramana, Thittamel, Chengannur - 689 121Phone: 0479 2454747E-mail: [email protected]
Episcopa ( Ranni – Nilackal Diocese)
Rt. Rev. Geevarghese Mar AthanasiusMar Thoma Centre,Mandiram PO,Ranni - 689 672
Phone: 04735 227487, 04735 227511, 04735 227760 (P)
Fax: 04735 227511E- Mail: [email protected]
Episcopa (Dioceses of Chennai-Bangalore & Malaysia-Singapore & Australia)
Rt. Rev. Geevarghese Mar TheodosiusMar Thoma Bhavan,77,6th Avenue, Harrington Road,Chelpet, Chennai- 600 031
Phone: 044 28363165, 28362705 (P)
Fax: 044 28363165
E-mail: [email protected]
Episcopa ( Mumbai & Delhi Dioceses)
Rt. Rev.Joseph Mar Barnabas
Mumbai address:Mumbai Marthoma Centre,Sector 10 A, Plot No: 18,VasiNavi Mumbai - 400 703
Phone: 022 2766 9484 , 022 27657141 (P), 022 27650005Fax: 022 27657141
E-mail: [email protected] Address: Mar Thoma Centre, 26, Bhai Vir Singh Marg, Gol Market, New Delhi - 110 001
Episcopa (Kunnamkulam - Malabar Dioceses)
Rt. Rev. Thomas Mar TimotheosMar Thoma Centre,Makkada PO,Kakkodi,Kozhikode - 673 617
Phone : 0495 2265 773, 2265796, 2266957 (P)Fax: 0495 2267641
E-mail: [email protected]@yahoo.com
Episcopa ( Kottayam - Kochi Diocese)
Rt. Rev.Dr. Issac Mar PhiloxenosBethel Aramana,Manganam PO,Kottayam - 686 018
Phone : 0481 2578 420, 0481 2573 737 (P)Fax: 0481 2571879
E-mail: [email protected]
Rt. Rev. Dr. Abraham Mar Paulose,Mar Thoma Kendram, Mannanthaia PO.,Thiruvanathapuram - 695 015 Phone : 04712 530540Fax: 0471 25311535Email : [email protected]
The Apostolic Succession of the Throne of St. Thomas after the re-establishment of the episcopacy in the
seventeenth century is as follows.
The throne used for this consecration in 1655 is still in the possession of the Mar Thoma Church
Mar Thoma I (1663 - 1670)
(consecrated by 12 priests in 1653 and
by Mar Gregorios of Jerusalem in 1665)
The Apostolic Succession of the Throne of St. Thomas after the re-establishment of the episcopacy in the
seventeenth century is as follows.
Archdeacon, Thomas by name, was duly consecrated with the title ‘Mar Thoma’ in 1665 by Mar Gregorius of Jerusalem who was associated with
the Jacobite Patriarchate of Antioch. Thus the Episcopal continuity was restored with Mar Thoma I as the first Indian Metropolitan. Thus began the relation of the Syrian Church with the Antiochene Jacobites. Because of the relationship with the Syrian Church, the Church in Malankara (Malabar) was
also known as Syrian Church of Malabar.
Mar Thoma IV (1688 - 1728): (consecrated by Mar Ivanios I in 1688)
Mar Thoma III (1686 - 1688): (consecrated by Mar Ivanios in 1686)
Mar Thoma II (1670 - 1686)(consecrated by Mar Thoma I and Mar Gergorios in 1669)
Mar Thoma V (1728 - 1765): (consecrated by Mar Thoma IV in 1728)
Mar Thoma VI (1765 - 1809): Dionysius I (consecrated by Mar Thoma V in 1760)
Mar Thoma VII (1808): (consecrated by Mar Dionysius in 1808)
Mar Thoma VIII (1809 - 1816): (consecrated by Mar Thoma VII in 1808)
Mar Thoma IX (1816 - 1817): (consecrated by Mar Thoma VIII in 1816)
Mar Thoma X (1816 - 1817): Pulikot Mar Dionysius II (consecrated by Mar Philoxenos, Thozhiyoor Church in 1816)
Mar Thoma XI (1817 - 1825): Punnathara Mar Dionysious III (consecrated by Mar Philoxenos, Thozhiyoor Church in 1817)
Mar Thoma XII (1827 - 1852): Chepat Mar Dionysisus IV (consecrated by Mar Philoxenos, Thozhiyoor Church)
Mar Thoma XIII (1842 - 1877): Mathews Mar Athanasius (consecrated by Moran Mar Elias Patriarch of Antioch at Mardin on February 17, 1842)
Mar Thoma XIV (1877 - 1893): Thomas Mar Athanasius (consecrated by Mathews Mar Athanasius in 1868)
Mar Thoma XV (1893 - 1909): Titus I Mar Thoma (consecrated by Mar Koorilose IV, Thozhiyoor Church in 1893)
Mar Thoma XVI (1909 - 1944): Titus II Mar Thoma (consecrated by Titus I and Geevarghese Mar Koorilose, Thozhiyoor Church in 1898)
Mar Thoma XVII (1944 - 1947): Abraham Mar Thoma (consecrated by Titus II and Mar Koorilose, Thozhiyoor Church in 1917)
Mar Thoma XVIII (1947 - 1976): Juhanon Mar Thoma (consecrated by Titus II and Mar Koorilose, Thozhiyoor Church in 1937)
Mar Thoma XIX (1976 - 1999): Alexander Mar Thoma Valia Metropolitian (consecrated by Juhannon Mar Thoma and the Metropolitan of the Thozhiyoor Church on May 23, 1953)
Mar Thoma XX (1999 - 2007): Philipose Mar Chrysostom Valia Mar Thoma Metropolitan (consecrated by Alexander Mar Thoma)
Sadhu Kochunju Upadesi
