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Traditional Carnatic Indian Music Compared to the Compositions of Composer John Cage. Presentation by Crystal Garcia. India. Second most populous country with 1.21 billion people as of the 2011 census Largest country in South Asia, covering 3,287,263 square miles - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Traditional Carnatic Indian Music Compared to the Compositions of Composer John Cage
Presentation by Crystal Garcia
India
Second most populous country with 1.21 billion people as of the 2011 census
Largest country in South Asia, covering 3,287,263 square miles
Hindu population 80.5%, Islam 13.4%, Christianity 2.3%, Sikhism 1.9%
Official Language is Hindi and English (used more for business)
Indo-Aryan 72%, Dravidian 25%, Mongoloid and other 3% (2000)
Hinduism
80.5% of the population is Hindu; its impact on culture (including music) is very evident
Has no single founder Many diverse traditions and
dynamic festivals Hindu sacred texts mostly discuss
philosophy, theology, and a way of living
Carnatic Music
Seen as both entertainment and spiritual inspiration
Purandara Dasa is seen as the father of the traditional carnatic style
Carnatic music is believed to have been given to man directly from the Hindu gods
Every December, the city of Chennai in India has its six week long “Music Season,” which has been described as the world's largest cultural event. It is the foundation for most music in South India.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lvedtf_mZvU
Carnatic Music
Carnatic music is based on a 22 note scale (swaras) on contrary to the earlier 12 note scale that is used in the western classical music. But in all its practical aspects and purposes, not more than 16 notes are generally used
Usually performed by a small ensemble Emphasis is on the vocals, and many times
instruments are played so that they mimic the characteristics of a voice
Persian and Islamic influences Inspired by Hinduism
Carnatic Talams
Instruments Commonly Found in Carnatic Music
The Tabla -a pair of hand drums varying in size and style The Sitar-long-necked bowl lute The Ghatam-percussion played with all parts of the hand,
translated as “water jug” The Tambura-fretless, plucked lute
Sangeetha Devathe
Written by Ambujam Krishna (1917-1989) Taught music by Karaikkudi Ganesan and Ganesa
Bhagavatar At a young age, she married her cousin She soon went to Delhi to finish her education and
graduated from the Lady Irwin College with a degree in Home Science.
This piece is a Mayamalawagowla Raga Meant to sooth the listener and evoke a sense of peace Usually played in the morning, but it can be played at
any timehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jy4-NmomB4U
John Cage (1912-1992)
Is considered the founder of Avant-garde 20th century music
Is most famously known for his piece 4’33” Studied at Pomona College for a few years and then
went to study music at UCLA While at UCLA, he discovered that what he wanted to
compose was wildly different from anything that had previously been made
He dropped out and soon worked with Merce Cunningham and painter Robert Rauschenberg
Though his music, he wished to show people that music and sound was everywhere, but widely underappreciated
John Cage
A Flower
Composed by John Cage in 1950 Composed for choreography by Louise Lippold Uses a closed piano that is struck with various parts
of the hand and a vocalist Entire vocal part only uses four different pitches and
uses phonemes, no whole words http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qf8Ub1Fj_dM
Comparison
Similarities:-Principal performer is vocalist-uses percussion and string instruments-both have inconsistent tempos that are dominated more by emotion than a strict beat-both are considered relaxing
Differences:-Cage wanted to provoke listeners into questioning the social concept of music, Krishna wanted to evoke spiritual feelings-Carnatic music is heavily influenced by Hinduism, Cage has no source of religious influence-A Flower uses instruments in unconventional ways, Sangeetha Devanthe uses traditional instruments in traditional ways
Sources
http://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/episodes/john-cage/about-the-composer/471/
http://www.karnatik.com/ http://carnatica.net/origin.htm http://www.shivkumar.org/music/index.html#a http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qf8Ub1Fj_dM http://www.carnaticindia.com/carnatic_music.html http://www.karnatik.com/co1012.shtml http://sriramv.wordpress.com/2008/11/11/ambujam-
krishna/