16
Tradeoff Between Fuel C i dE i i f Consumption andEmissions for PHEVs 2010 DOE Hydrogen Program and Vehicle Technologies Annual Merit Review June 08, 2010 June 08, 2010 Neeraj Shidore, David Smith* Argonne National Laboratory, *Oak Ridge National Laboratory Sponsored by Lee Slezak Project ID # VSS012 This presentation does not contain any proprietary, confidential, or otherwise restricted information Project ID # VSS012

Tradeoff Between Fuel Consumption and Emissions for PHEVs - Presentations/CIL/tradeoffs_between_fuel_consumption...off between fuel consumption and emissions for a PHEV. Si l iSimulation

  • Upload
    others

  • View
    2

  • Download
    0

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: Tradeoff Between Fuel Consumption and Emissions for PHEVs - Presentations/CIL/tradeoffs_between_fuel_consumption...off between fuel consumption and emissions for a PHEV. Si l iSimulation

Tradeoff Between Fuel C i d E i i fConsumption and Emissions for 

PHEVs2010 DOE Hydrogen Program and Vehicle Technologies 

Annual Merit Review June 08, 2010June 08, 2010

Neeraj Shidore, David Smith*Argonne National Laboratory, *Oak Ridge National Laboratory

Sponsored by Lee Slezak

Project ID # VSS012

This presentation does not contain any proprietary, confidential, or otherwise restricted information

Project ID # VSS012

Page 2: Tradeoff Between Fuel Consumption and Emissions for PHEVs - Presentations/CIL/tradeoffs_between_fuel_consumption...off between fuel consumption and emissions for a PHEV. Si l iSimulation

Project OverviewTimeline

Start : September 2009Barriers

Cold start PHEV emissions. End : September 2010

Status: 60% complete

Budget FY10 ‐$500K (ANL)

Partners Oak Ridge National Laboratory.FY10  $500K (ANL)

FY10 ‐ $400K (ORNL)Oak Ridge National Laboratory.

Engine and Emissions Research Program at ANL.

Page 3: Tradeoff Between Fuel Consumption and Emissions for PHEVs - Presentations/CIL/tradeoffs_between_fuel_consumption...off between fuel consumption and emissions for a PHEV. Si l iSimulation

Research ObjectiveEvaluate various energy management strategies to mitigate PHEV cold start emissions and improve fuel 

ffi iefficiency

The research is geared towards the following vehicle systems simulation and testing strategic goals –and testing strategic goals – Demonstrate market‐readiness of grid connected vehicle technologies by 

2015.

C l t th f l d l t f AUTONOMIE i d t– Complete the successful deployment of AUTONOMIE as an industry standard advanced component and vehicle modeling and simulation tool, as well as the integration of a detailed vehicle cost model into AUTONOMIEAUTONOMIE.

– Validate, in a systems context, performance targets for deliverables from the Power Electronics and Energy Storage Technology R&D activities.

O t ill i t ll hi l l l t l t t i d t l t

3

– Outcome will impact all vehicle level control strategies used to evaluate PHEV fuel consumption potential for DOE.

Page 4: Tradeoff Between Fuel Consumption and Emissions for PHEVs - Presentations/CIL/tradeoffs_between_fuel_consumption...off between fuel consumption and emissions for a PHEV. Si l iSimulation

Approach

Use Model Based Design (MBD) to evaluate energy management strategies.

Validate trends / results with Engine‐in‐the‐loop (EIL).

V hi l l ti d i i i A t i I t tiVehicle selection and sizing  in Autonomie. Integration of ORNL engine emissions model.

Simulation study  with focus on:/1. Engine ON/OFF.

2. Engine operating region.3. Engine warm‐up strategies and 

torque transients.

Investigate promising simulation results  

sing EILusing EIL

Iterate between EILand

simulation

4

simulation.

Page 5: Tradeoff Between Fuel Consumption and Emissions for PHEVs - Presentations/CIL/tradeoffs_between_fuel_consumption...off between fuel consumption and emissions for a PHEV. Si l iSimulation

MilestonesQuarter 1 Quarter 2 Quarter 3

Series vehicle in Autonomie

f

Quarter 4

I l EIL i A i

Integration of  ORNL  after‐treatment  model in Autonomie

Implement EIL in Autonomie

Baseline conventional vehicle ‐ Autonomie and EIL

Energy management simulationstudy

Validation of simulation trends using EIL, iterative process

Current Status

Page 6: Tradeoff Between Fuel Consumption and Emissions for PHEVs - Presentations/CIL/tradeoffs_between_fuel_consumption...off between fuel consumption and emissions for a PHEV. Si l iSimulation

Technical AccomplishmentsSeries Vehicle Defined in Autonomie Series Vehicle Defined in Autonomie

Parameter Value

Curb weight 1800 kg

Performance Requirements

GVW 2440 kg

Engine  110 kW , 2.2 L SIDI engine 

1. 0‐60 = ~9sec2. Vmax > 100 mph3. 6% grade at 55 mph at 

GVWElectric Machine Power 130 kW / 13000 rpm

Generator Power 110 kW / 6000 rpm 

GVW.4. ~ 20 miles equivalent 

electric range on UDDS.

Battery  41 Ah, 10 kWh Li‐ion

Cd 0.37

FA 2 54 2

5. Use existing engine for hardware validation

FA 2.54 m2

Tire P225_75_R15 (0.359)

Fixed ratio 1 6Fixed ratio 1.6

Final drive ratio 4

Page 7: Tradeoff Between Fuel Consumption and Emissions for PHEVs - Presentations/CIL/tradeoffs_between_fuel_consumption...off between fuel consumption and emissions for a PHEV. Si l iSimulation

Technical AccomplishmentsORNL Aft t t t M d l d I t ti i A t iORNL After-treatment Model and Integration in Autonomie

Transient engine model estimates transient engine exhaust properties and fuel economy based on corrections to steady‐state maps Fuel & Engine Exhaust Mapsy p

– Assumption:  engine transient exhaust properties and fuel consumption depend not only on the instantaneous speed and torque, but also on the recent past history

– Methodology: the differences between the transient and steady‐state results is approximated by the first‐order lags and an engine warm‐up indexg g p

– Advantage: A good prediction for engine‐out emissions, exhaust temperature, and fuel economy associated with cold and warm starting conditions

TWC model is based on a simplified, transient, one‐dimensional representation of exhaust flow through a catalytic monolith

ORNL Transient Engine Model

catalytic monolith  – Assumption: exhaust flow is a plug‐in laminar flow and 

uniform across the cross section of the monolith– Methodology: (a) a non‐linear set of coupled PDEs are 

used to account for mass and energy conservation; (b) a global reaction mechanism accounts for oxidation reactions water gas shift reactions NO reduction and

ORNL TWC Model

reactions, water‐gas shift reactions, NO reduction, and oxygen storage occurring with in the washcoat; (c) the tracked gas species include NO, CO2, CO, H2, O2, H2O, C3H6 and C3H8; 

– Advantages: low CPU cost  and a general tool for analyzing emissions reduction associated with stoichiometric combustion

PSATExperiment

PSATExperiment

stoichiometric combustion 

Fuel Consumption & Tailpipe Emissions

Page 8: Tradeoff Between Fuel Consumption and Emissions for PHEVs - Presentations/CIL/tradeoffs_between_fuel_consumption...off between fuel consumption and emissions for a PHEV. Si l iSimulation

Technical AccomplishmentsDevelopment to Support Transient Engine Testing

Engine coolingContactless  hi‐fidelitytorque sensor

Several hardware changes made to existing engine (initial setup was only for steady‐state).

Catalytic converter 

hi l d

steady state).

20

25

ond

vehicle speed calculated CO2 g/secengine torque/10 measured Developed post processing 

for emissions analysis –

5

10

15

CO

2 gr

ams/

secocalculation of specific 

emissions from volumetric fractions (raw emissions

8200 250 300 350 400

0

5

Time in seconds

fractions (raw emissions bench).

Page 9: Tradeoff Between Fuel Consumption and Emissions for PHEVs - Presentations/CIL/tradeoffs_between_fuel_consumption...off between fuel consumption and emissions for a PHEV. Si l iSimulation

Technical accomplishmentEngine‐In‐the‐Loop (EIL) Operational in Autonomieg p ( ) p

Engine hardware behaves as if in a vehicle

Vehicle is modeled in Autonomie

Torque command 

as if in a vehicleAutonomie

to engine

Torque feedback propels the vehicle

1. Modular dSPACE system for real time emulation of vehicle.2. Creation of generic configurations in Autonomie for systematic 

i l t ti f i i th Limplementation of engine in the Loop.

n1

Page 10: Tradeoff Between Fuel Consumption and Emissions for PHEVs - Presentations/CIL/tradeoffs_between_fuel_consumption...off between fuel consumption and emissions for a PHEV. Si l iSimulation

Slide 9

n1 Add results plot which shows torque command versus torque fd, and vehicle speed as a result of torque feedback.nshidore, 4/5/2010

Page 11: Tradeoff Between Fuel Consumption and Emissions for PHEVs - Presentations/CIL/tradeoffs_between_fuel_consumption...off between fuel consumption and emissions for a PHEV. Si l iSimulation

Technical AccomplishmentsAutonomie Engine Model Validated with Hardware using EIL g g

Vehicle type and cycle Autonomie Model

Engine in the Loop

Conventional vehicleConventional vehicle

Urban Cycle ( hot start) 29.4 mpg 28.35 mpg

NEDC ( hot start) 32 mpg 32 15 mpgNEDC ( hot start) 32 mpg 32.15 mpg

Hybrid (power split)

b l ( h )Urban Cycle ( hot start) 44.9 mpg 46.7 mpg

Preliminary Cold Start EIL Fuel Consumption Close to Label FCConventional vehicle – Opel Vectra

Engine in the Loop Label Fuel economy(mpg)

NEDC urban 21.1 mpg 19.9 mpg

Lower powertrainefficiency at cold startnot modeled.

10

NEDC urban segment

21.1 mpg 19.9 mpg

NEDC combined  30 mpg 27.6 mpg

not modeled. Therefore,EIL mpg> label mpg

Page 12: Tradeoff Between Fuel Consumption and Emissions for PHEVs - Presentations/CIL/tradeoffs_between_fuel_consumption...off between fuel consumption and emissions for a PHEV. Si l iSimulation

Technical AccomplishmentsSimulation Study Underway – Impact of Engine ON Power y y p gThresholds on Fuel Consumption and Emissions. (ANL)

Energy Management

Engine ON‐

Energy Management 

Torque TransientsEngine ON

OFFcontrol(ANL)

at Engine start(ORNL)

Engine operating Regionsg(ANL)

11

Page 13: Tradeoff Between Fuel Consumption and Emissions for PHEVs - Presentations/CIL/tradeoffs_between_fuel_consumption...off between fuel consumption and emissions for a PHEV. Si l iSimulation

Technical AccomplishmentsSimulation Study Underway – Engine Warm‐up Strategies and y y g p gTorque Transients. (ORNL)

Energy Management

Engine ON‐

Energy Management 

Torque TransientsEngine ON

OFFcontrol(ANL)

at Engine start(ORNL)

Engine operating Regionsg(ANL)

12

Page 14: Tradeoff Between Fuel Consumption and Emissions for PHEVs - Presentations/CIL/tradeoffs_between_fuel_consumption...off between fuel consumption and emissions for a PHEV. Si l iSimulation

Future Work

FY 10: Project continues as per road‐map

Complete simulation study

V lid t d ti i lt ith E i i th L Validate and optimize results with Engine in the Loop.

FY 11:

Model Based Design will be used to evaluate other PHEV powertrain configurations ( parallel, power split) for fuel consumption and emissions trade‐off.consumption and emissions trade off.

Validate vehicle level control strategies with ANL’s vehicle test facility data.

13

Page 15: Tradeoff Between Fuel Consumption and Emissions for PHEVs - Presentations/CIL/tradeoffs_between_fuel_consumption...off between fuel consumption and emissions for a PHEV. Si l iSimulation

Collaboration with Other Institutions

Dr. David Smith,  Oak Ridge National Laboratory

Development of after‐treatment device and emissions modelmodel.

Energy management during engine cold start for emissions control.

Co‐PI on the project.

Dr Thomas Wallner Engine and Emissions research Argonne Dr. Thomas Wallner, Engine and Emissions research, Argonne National Laboratory.

PI for bio‐fuel research on the 2.2 L SIDI Engine.

Support on implementation of the ‘Engine in the Loop’ concept on the SIDI engine.

Collaboration on other bio‐fuel transient evaluation ( EIL) 

14

( )projects.

Page 16: Tradeoff Between Fuel Consumption and Emissions for PHEVs - Presentations/CIL/tradeoffs_between_fuel_consumption...off between fuel consumption and emissions for a PHEV. Si l iSimulation

Summary

Model Based Design approach is being used to evaluate trade‐off between fuel consumption and emissions for a PHEV.

Si l i d i b i f d i PHEV hi l Simulation study is being performed on a series PHEV vehicle model with a detailed engine and after‐treatment subsystem model.

Engine in the Loop capability developed at Argonne National Laboratory will be used for validation/ refinement of the simulation study.y

Project outcome (energy management philosophies) will be used for the Battery Mule project.

Observations from the project will be used in all future studies Observations from the project will be used in all future studies related to energy management for PHEVs.

15