UNITED S T ATESTARIFF COMMISSION

WILTON, BRUSSE S, VELVET, AND tAPESTRY CARPETS AND RUGS

Report to the President (No. TEA- R.- 6 Under Section 351(d)(1) of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962

thlica.t.i or,

Washington, D. September 1966

UNITE TARIFF CC' 4.

P Ka Cha,

n, V Chairman

Jamey Cut .ton

Dan !I

Pen apeH

isc9 coa <PS 1118 vas ast

CONTENTS

Page

Introduction 1 U.S. tariff treatment 2 Recent developments 3 U.S. consumption 5 U.S. producers- 5 U.S. production, sales, and inventories 6 U.S. imports • 7 Employment and man-.hours Prices 8 Appendix 9

TABLES

1. Machine-woven and machine-tufted pile carpets and . rugs: U.S. production, by types, 1958-65 10

2.' Wilton and velvet carpets and rugs: U.S. production, imports for consumption, exports of domestic merchandise, and apparent consumption, calendar years 1958-65, fiscal years ending June 30, 1962-66, and January-June of 1962-66 11

3. Wilton and velvet carpets and rugs: Indexes of U.S. production, net sales, and inventories, 1957-65 12

I. Wilton, Brussels, and velvet or tapestry carpets, rugs, and mats, and carpets, rugs, and mats of like character or description: U.S. dutiable imports for consumption, by specified sources, calendar years 1961-65 and fiscal years ending June 30, 1962-66 13

5. Indexes of the average number of production and related workers employed and man-hours worked in plants which produced approximately 97 percent of domestic Wilton and velvet carpets and rugs, 1960-65

6. Indexes of wholesale prices in the United States of Wilton and velvet carpets and rugs,,and all soft-surface floor coverings, January and June 1957-66 15

7. Wilton and velvet carpets and rugs: Indexes of U.S. production, 1957-65

(TC28827)

16

REPORT TO THE PRESIDENT

U.S. Tariff Commission, September 13, 1966

To the President:

Introduction

Following an escape-clause investigation by the Tariff

Commission and report to the President under section 7 of the Trade

Agreements Extension Act of 1951, as amended, the President, by

proclamation dated March 19, 1962, 1/ increased the rate of duty

applicable to Wilton, Brussels, velvet, and tapestry carpets, rugs,

and mats, and carpets, rugs, and mats of like character or description

(hereinafter referred to as Wiltons and velvets), effective after

the close of business on April 18, 1962. By proclamation dated

March 27, 1962, 3/ the President deferred the effective date of the

inoreased rate to after the close of business on June 17, 1962.

Section 351(d)(1) of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 (76 Stat.

900) provides that--

So long as any increase in, or imposition of, any duty or other import restriction pursuant to this section or pursuant to section 7 of the Trade Agreements Extension Act of 1951 remains in effect, the Tariff Commission shall keep under review developments with respect to the industry concerned, and shall make annual reports to the President concerning such developments.

This is the fourth report to the President under section

351(d)(1) involving Wiltons and velvets. The material in this

1/ Proclamation No. 3454; 3 CFR,1959-190 Comp., p. 164. '2/ Proclamation No. 3458; 3 CFR, 1959-1963 Comp., p. 171.

2

report is confined principally to developments that have occurred

since those described in the Commission's third report, made on 1/

September 13, 1965. —

U.S. Tariff Treatment

Wilton (including Brussels) and velvet (including tapestry)

floor coverings and floor coverings of like character or description

are currently dutiable at the escape-clause rate of 40 percent ad

valorem provided for in item 922.50 of part 2 of the appendix to the 2/

Tariff Schedules of the United States (TSUS). Had there been no

escape action, these articles would be dutiable at 21 percent ad

valorem under item 360.45 of the TSUS. Carpets and rugs imported

from designated Communist-dominated or Communist-controlled countries

are currently dutiable under that item at 60 percent ad valorem.

Under section 351(c)(1)(B) of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962,

any increase in duty proclaimed pursuant to the escape-clause pro-

visions of the Trade Agreements Extension Act of 1951 will terminate

1/ For detailed information relating to earlier periods see the following reports:

U.S. Tariff Commission, Wilton, Brussels, Velvet, and Tapestry Carpets and Rugs: Report to the President on Escape-Clause Inves-tigation No. 7-104 . . . , TC Publication 28, 1961 (processed); Wilton, Brussels, Velvet, and Tapestry Carpets and Rugs: Report in Response to the President's Request for Information Supplemental to theRe ort on Esca e-Clause Investigation No. 7-104, TC Publication

ed 1, 1961 process ; Wilton Brussels Velvet and Tapestry Carets and Rugs: Report to the President No. TEA-IR- -• 3 Under Section 351(d)(1) of the Trade E ansion Act of 1962, TC Publication 107, 19.3 processed ; TC Publication 137 No. TEA-IR-5-64), 1964 (processed); and TC Publication 160 (No. TEA-IR-5-65), 1965 (processed).

2/ The Automotive Products Trade Act of 1965, P.L. 89-283, effective January 18, 1965, provided duty-free treatment for U.S, impbrts from Canada of original motor vehicle equipment, but imports of floor coverings subject to this provision have been negligible.

3

not later than October 11, 1967, unless extended by the President

pursuant to section 351(c)(2). Under that section, the President

is authorized to extend the increase (in whole or in part, for a

period up to four years at any one time) after taking into account

advice received from the Tariff Commission following an investigation 1/

by the Commission: On the basis of such investigation, the Commission

advises the President of its judgment as to the probable economic

effect on the industry concerned of the termination of the increased

duty. The institution of an investigation is dependent upon a petition

being filed by the industry during the period January 12 - April 12,

1967 (sec. 351(d)(3)).

Recent Developments

The trend of U.S. production of Wilton and velvets has been

downward since 1959. Although in the first half of 1966 output of

Wiltons and velvets was slightly greater than in the corresponding 2/

period of 1965, tufted carpets will probably continue to supply an

increasing share of the market, while Wiltons and velvets find their

greatest acceptance among buyers to whom price is not the major

consideration.

New Jersey Carpet Mills, Inc., of Englishtown„ N.J., ceased

producing Wilton and velvet carpets in 1966 thus continuing the decline

in the number of Wilton and velvet plants in recent years, which fact

reflects primarily the shift in consumer demand from woven to tufted

carpets. Since mid-1961, eight plants that had produced Wiltons and

1/ Advice must also be sought from the Secretaries of Commerce and Labor. 2/ Tufted floor coverings are manufactured by inserting pile yarns into

a preexisting backing fabric by means of a high-speed multiple-needle operation, as distinguished from woven floor coverings, such as Wiltons and velvets, made on looms which form the pile and the babklng during the weaving process. The production rate of tufting machines is much greater than that of Wilton or velvet looms.

velvets either have closed or have ceased producing such carpets,

leaving 27 plants still engaged in the manufacture of these floor

coverings. Much of the equipment from mills which have closed has

been either scrapped or sold to foreign buyers and is thus permanently

removed from domestic production.

The rapid increase in domestic shipments of tufted carpets, (they

have increased at an average annual rate - of approximately 20 percent

since 1961), continued in 1965. Shipments in 1965 totaled 376 million

square yards; 309 million square yards of this total consisted of 1/

carpets larger than 4 by 6 feet — and 67 million square yards were 4

by 6 feet and smaller (table 1, appendix). Man-made fibers continued

to predominate in tufted carpets. Meanwhile,both the fiber producers

and the tufted carpet manufacturers conducted vigorous advertising and

sales promotion programs. A new tufting machine, which allegedly

attains higher speeds and affords more versatile styling, was intro-

duced, but is not yet in widespread use. New types of "outdo.or"

carpeting, both tufted and needle-punched, were also introduced;

they have been used on such areas as terraces and tennis courts.

Several concerns that imported Wilton and velvet carpets at the

time of the escape-clause action no longer import such carpets.

Firms that account for the bulk of current imports derive most of

their carpet sales volume from domestically produced tufted floor

coverings.

1/ Including an estimated 42 million square yards of automobile and aircraft carpeting.

5

U.S. Consumption

Between 1961 and 1965, the U.S. annual consumption of Wiltons

and velvets declined, whereas the aggregate consumption of all types

of machine-made pile floor coverings increased markedly. During that

period, U.S. annual consumption of Wiltons and velvets decreased 35

percent--from 37 million square yards in 1961 to 24 million square

yards in 1965. From 1961, the peak year of imports, through 1965,

annual imports declined by 7.7 million square yards (91 percent),

and U.S. production declined by 5.0 million square yards (18 percent).

Imports supplied 23 percent of the U.S. consumption of Wiltons and

velvets in 1961 but only 2 percent in 1965.

The available data indicate that the consumption of Wiltons and

velvets in 1966 will exceed that in 1965; in no previous year since

1959 has there been an increase in the annual consumption. A sub-

stantial portion of the Wiltons and velvets currently being consumed

is marketed as "commercial" sales rather than as sales to individual

household consumers.

U.S. Producers

After New Jersey Carpet Mills, Inc., of Englishtown, N. J.,

ceased producing in early 1966, 27 plants, operated by 24 firms,

were manufacturing Wiltons, velvets, or both. Eight of the 27 plants

were located in Pennsylvania; four in Massachusetts; two each in New

Jersey, South Carolina, New Hampshire, New York, and North Carolina;

and one each in California, Connecticut, Georgia, Maine, and Virginia.

Fifteen of the 25 firms which produced Wiltons and velvets in

1965 also produced machine-tufted carpets and rugs. Wiltons and velvets

comprised 20 percent of the aggregate production of soft-surface pile

floor coverings by these 15 producers in 1965; machine-tufted carpets

6

comprised 72 percent and other machine-woven and machine-knitted

carpets, 8 percent. The corresponding percentages for the same 1/ 1/

producers in 1964 were 21, 68, and 11, respectively. These 15

producers accounted for more than 90 percent of the total production

of Wiltons and velvets in 1965.

U.S. Production, Sales, and Inventories

The U.S. production of Wiltons and velvets in 1965 was about

3 percent less than in 1964, reflecting a 15-percent decline in the

annual production of Wiltons and a 2-percent increase in that of

velvets. The annual output of Wiltons and velvets had been fairly

stable during 1961-63, but declined by 14 percent in 1964, reflecting

declines in the output of both Wiltons and velvets, Production of

Wiltons has declined more sharply than that of velvets since . the late

1950os; the index of production of Wiltons in 1965 was 36 percent

of the 1957-59 base, while that of velvets was 85 percent (table 7).

In the first half of 1966, the production of Wiltons and velvets was

about 6 percent greater than that in the corresponding period of 1965;

the production of Wiltons was about 8 percent and that of velvets

about 6 percent greater.

Indexes of the production, sales, and inventories of firms that

supplied data for the years 1957-65 (which in the aggregate accounted

for approximately 97 percent of the estimated output of Wiltons and

velvets in 1961-65) are shown in table 3. The smaller production in

1965, compared with that in 1964, reflected a decrease in the quantity

and value of sales. All indexes in 1965 were at the lowest points

reached during the 1957-65 period.

1 Revised.

7

U.S. exports of Wiltons and velvets in recent years have amounted

to about 1 percent or less of domestic production (table 2).

Producers! year-end inventories of Wiltons and velvets declined

in 1965, as they had in the preceding five years, and reached a low

for the period 1957 765.

U.S. Imports

U.S. annual imports of Wiltons and velvets have declined in each

year since 1961, when they had reached a record high of 8.2 million

square yards (table 2). The 575,000 square yards imported in 1965

were equivalent to only 2 percent of domestic production and to only

7 percent of the imports in 1961. Imports in the first 6 months of

1966, totaling 254,000 square yards, indicate that aggregate imports

of Wiltons and velvets in 1966 will be less than in 1965. Primary

factors contributing to the declining imports since 1961 have been

price competition from domestic tufted carpets, the decreased popu-

larity of figured carpets, and the duty increase in 1962.

As the quantity of imports declined, however, their average unit

value increased from $3.40 per square yard in 1961 to $6.12 per square

yard in 1965 (table 4), and to $6.40 in January-June 1966. This rise

in unit values suggests that import demand had shifted to high-quality,

specialty floor coverings.

Belgium, which continued to be the major source of imports )

supplied 51 percent of the total in 1965. In that year Italy provided

18 percent of the total imports and replaced Japan as the second

largest source. In the year ending June 30, 1966, Belgium supplied 59

percent and Italy, 17 percent of total imports.

Employment and Man-Hours

The annual average number of production and related workers employed

in plants producing Wiltons and velvets declined from approximately.

12,500 in 196Q to 9,000 in 1964, and slightly further to 8,900 in 1965.

Not all of these workers, however, were engaged in producing Wiltons

and velvets. Roughly half of the total man-hours . in 1965 were spent

on the production of Wiltons and velvets.

Indexes of the number of workers employed and the man-hours:worked

in Wilton and velvet plants accounting for 97 percent of domestic

production were computed for the years 1960-65 . (table 5). In 1965

the index (1960-62=100) of the average number of production and

related workers employed on all products made in these plants was 80,

and the index of the man-hours worked on all products was 85, both

unchanged from 1964. The index of man-hours worked on Wiltons and

velvets alone declined from 72 in 1964 to 71 in 1965.

Prices

From January, 1957 to June, 1966, the prices of Wiltons and velvets,

as well as soft-surface floor coverings in the aggregate, fluctuated

irregularly (table 6), largely in response to changes in the prices of

raw materials. During this period, moreover, both Wiltons and velvets,

and particularly Wiltons, became more expensive relative to other soft-

surface floor coverings. In June 1966, the index for all soft-surface

floor coverings was 94 percent of the 1957-59 base, while that for

velvets was 98 percent, and that for Wiltons 106 percent of the base.

9

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Table 3.--Wilton and velvet carpets and rugs: Indexes of U.S. production, net sales, and inventories, 1957-65

(1957-60=-100)

Year : :

Net sales Production: : Inventories as of Dec. 31 (quantity) (quantity): Q : Quantity

: Value : —

: : 1957 : 102 : 100: 105: 105

: 1958 : 96 : 98: 95: 95

: : : 1959 : 114 : 112: 109: 107

: : : : 1960 : 88 : 90: 91: 94

: : : : 1961 : 82 : 82: 82 : 92

: : : 1962 : 85 : 86: 85: 88

: : 1963 : 82 : 82: 82 : 87

: : : : 1964 : 70 : 71: 76: 76

: : 1965 : 68 : 69: 74: 70

: :

Source: Computed from data submitted to the U.S. Tariff Com-mission by U.S. firms whose output is estimated to have accounted for approximately 97 percent of the total production of Wilton and velvet carpets and rugs in 1961-65.

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Table S.--Indexes of the average number of production and related workers employed and man-hours worked in plants which produced approximately 97 percent of domestic Wilton and velvet carpets and rugs, 1960-65

(1960-62100)

Year ° Average number '

employed on 2 Man-hours worked on--

: all products : All products : Wiltons and velvets

1960 112 : 109 : 109

1961 97 : 97 : 97

1962 91. 9)4 Y 914

1963 88 : : 88

1964 80 : 85 : 72

1965 80 Y 85 : 71

Source: Computed from data supplied the U.S. Tariff Commission by domestic producers.

15

Table 6.--Indexes of wholesale 1/ prices in the United States of Wilton and velvet carpets and rugs, and all soft-surface floor coverings, January and June 1957-66

(1957-59=100) Year and

month Wiltons 1 Velvets :

: All soft-surface floor coverings

: 1957: :

: :

: :

January----: 104 : 102 : 105 June : 104 : 102 : 104

1958: : : January : 100 : 102 : 102 June : 97 : 97 : 98

1959: t : January : 95 : 98 • 97 June : 99 : 101 : 98

1960: : : : January : 100 : 101 : 99 June : 102 : 103 : 100

1961: : : : January : 99 : 99 : 98 June : 99 : 98 : 98

1962: : . : January : 99 : 95 : 96 June : 97 : 95 : 96

1963: : . : January + 97 : 92 : 94 June : 97 : 91 : 94

1964: : : : January : 108 : 98 : 99 June : 108 : 98 : 97

1965: : : : January : 105 : 96 : 95 June : 105 : 96 : 95

1966: : : : January : 106 : 98 : 94 June 2,/ : 106 : 98 : 94

: . : 1/ The term "wholesale," as used in the index, refers

to salesin large lots at the first (primary market) level of commercial transaction; later transactions at other stages in the distribution cycle are not included. 2/ Preliminary.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

16

Table 7.--Wilton and velvet carpets and rugs: Indexes of U.S production, 1957-65

(1957-59=%100) : Velvet

Year Wilton Total

I I I 1957 : 98 : loo : 99 1958 : 90 : 94 : 92 1959 : 112 t 106 : 109 1960 : 86 : 83 : 85 1961 : 70 : 82 : 77 1962 2 70 ': 86 : 79 1963 t 6o : 89 : 76 1964 : 42 : 83 : 65 1965 : 36 : 85 : 63

I I I

Source: Computed from data supplied the U.S. Tariff Commission by domestic producers.