tqm notes --- 1

walter shewhart

he was born in 1891. He graduated from the University of Illinois with bachelors and masters degrees, and he received a doctorate in physics from the University of California at Berkeley in 1917

Most of Shewharts professional career was spent as an engineer at Western Electrica

from 1918 to 1924, and at Bell Telephone Laboratories, where he served in several capacities as a member of the technical staff, from 1925 until his retirement in 1956. By the turn of the century, Western Electric had trained individuals as inspectors to assure specification and quality standards, in order to avoid sending bad products to the customer. When Shewhart joined the Inspection Engineering Department at Hawthorne in 1918, industrial quality was limited to inspecting finished products and removing defective items. In the 1920's, Shewhart took manufacturing quality to the next level - employing statistical techniques to control processes to minimize defective output. he published his findings in in 1931 in a book Economic Control of Quality of Manufactured Product.

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Called upon frequently as a consultant, Shewhart served the War Department, the United Nations, and the government of India. At the invitation of Professor P C Mahalanobis, Dr Shewhart arrived in India for the first time as a guest of the Institute in 1947 to spend three months in this country. In addition to giving lectures in a number of universities, institutions and industries and being the prime mover in organizing the first conference in India on Standardization and Industrial Statistics, he held technical discussions with front ranking policy makers and political leaders, top level industrialists and technocrats of the country. He visited India on three more occasions later. he maintained his contact with India throughout his life. He taught at the universities of Illinois and California, and he briefly headed the physics department at the Wisconsin Normal School in LaCrosse (usa). He also lectured on quality control and applied statistics at the University of London, Stevens Institute of Technology, the graduate school of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. He was a member of the visiting committee at Harvards Department of Social Relations, an honorary professor at Rutgers, and a member of the advisory committee of the Princeton mathematics department. he authoured a book Statistical Method from the Viewpoint of Quality Control (published in 1939). In this book Shewhart asks What can statistical practice, and science in general, learn from the experience of industrial quality control ? He served for more than 20 years as the first editor of the Mathematical Statistics Series published by John Wiley and Sons. He was a founder of Institute of Mathematical Statistics (usa) and of American Society for Quality Control. considered as father of statistical quality control he died in 1967. a --- at western electrics factory called hawthorne works, famous hawthorne experiments were conducted by Elton mayo william edwards-deming


born in 1900 in usa


in 1906, Deming family settles in Powell, Wyoming, usa. Powell was a barren area made arable by irrigation. The marginal existence

shared by Powell community, engendersa

in Deming a lifelong habit of thrift and hatred of waste. bachelor of science (BS) in engineering, from University of Wyoming. he teaches while studying. master of science (MS) in mathematics and physics, from University of Colorado PhD in mathematical physics from Yale University 1925-26 : During two summers, worked at Western Electrics Hawthorne Works in Chicago. during this time, the famous Hawthorne Experiments on industrial productivity, are conducted. in 1927, he met Walter Shewhart, who had a great effect on his future he worked as a mathematical physicist at the United States Department of Agriculture (192739) 1939-46 : he worked for the U.S. Census Bureau as an advisor in statistical sampling techniques. He began the use of statistically-based survey techniques in the 1940 census. this greatly improved the accuracy and lowered the cost of the census. He also introduced SPC techniques to improve the process of tabulating and summarizing the results. (It is the first use of statistical methods of quality improvement in a white-collar environment) in 1942, he was retained as a consultant to the Secretary of War 1943 : Deming began Stanford statistic training program, training almost 2,000 people in two years, using the Shewhart Cycle for Learning and Improvement and PDSA Cycle


From 1946 to 1993, he was a business consultant taught physics at several universities 1922-24 : Assistant professor of physics at the Colorado School of Mines 1946- 1993 : professor of statistics at New York Universitys graduate school of business administration In the 1930s, Deming became interested in ways that statistical analysis could achieve better quality control in industry. Demings quality-control methods were based on a systematic tallying of product defects that included the identification and analysis of their causes. Once the causes of defects were corrected, the outcomes were tracked to measure the effects of those corrections on subsequent product quality. In 1950, Japanese business leaders invited Deming to Japan to teach executives and engineers about the new methods. Japanese companies quickly adopted his methods, with the result being a commitment to quality control that helped Japanese firms dominate some product markets in many parts of the world. It was not until the 1980s that Demings ideas were adopted by American corporations seeking to compete more effectively in the world market.


The Deming Prize (established 1951), awarded annually to Japanese corporations that win a rigorous quality-control competition, is named in Demings honour. list of awardees below died in 1993 in usa deming application prize awarded to companies, by Japanese Union of Scientists and Engineers (JUSE) (indian companies highlighted in yellow) originally designed to reward Japanese companies for major advances in quality improvement now, available to non-Japanese companies also, albeit those operating in Japan

1951

Fuji Iron & Steel Co., Ltd.

Showa Denko K.K.

Tanabe Seiyaku Co., Ltd.

Yawata Iron & Steel Co., Ltd

1952

Asahi Chemical Co., Ltd.

Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd.

Nippon Electric Co., Ltd.

Shionogi & Co., Ltd.

Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd.

Toyo Spinning Co., Ltd.

Kyushu Cloth Industry Co., Ltd.


1953

Kawasaki Steel Corp.

Shin-etsu Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.

Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd.

Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co., Ltd.

1954

Nippon Soda Co., Ltd.

Toyo Bearing Manufacturing Co., Ltd.

Toyo Rayon Co. Ltd.

1955

Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.

Hitachi Ltd.

Honshu Paper Manufacturing Co., Ltd.

1956

Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.

Konishiroku Photo Industry Co., Ltd.

Mitsubishi Electric Corp.

Tohoku Industry, Co., Ltd.

1957 (None)

1958

Kanegafuchi Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.

Kureha Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.

Matsushita Electronics Corp.

Nippon Kokan K.K.

Nakayo Communication Equipment Co., Ltd.

1959 Asahi Special Glass Co., Ltd.


~60 Kurake Spinning Co., Ltd.

Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.

Towa Industry Co., Ltd.

1961

Nippondenso Co., Ltd.

Teijin Ltd.

Nihon Radiator Co., Ltd.

1962 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd.

1963 Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.

1964 Komatsu Manufacturing Co., Ltd

1965 Toyota Motor Co., Ltd.

1966 Kanto Auto Works, Ltd.

Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd., Electric Components Division

1967 Shinko Wire Co., Ltd.

Kojima Press Industry Co., Ltd.

1968

Bridgestone Tire Co., Ltd.

Yanmer Diesel Engine Co., Ltd.

Chugoku Kayaku Co., Ltd.

1969 Shimpo Industry Co., Ltd.

1970 Toyota Auto Body Co., Ltd.

1971 Hino Motors, Ltd.


1972 Aisin Seiki Co., Ltd.

Saitama Chuzo Kogyo K. K.

1973 Sanwa Seiki Manufacturing, Co., Ltd.

Saitama Kiki Manufacturing, Co., Ltd.

1974 Horikiri Spring Manufacturing, Co., Ltd.

Kyodosokuryosha Co., Ltd.

1975

Ricoh Co., Ltd.

K. K. Takebe Tekkosho

Tokai Chemical Industries, Ltd.

Riken Forge Co., Ltd.

1976

Sankyo Seiki Manufacturing Co., Ltd.

Pentel Co., Ltd.

Komatu Zoki Ltd.

Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd.,

Aero-Engine & Space Operations

1977 Aisin-Warner Ltd.

1978 Tokai Rika Co., Ltd.

Chuetsu Metal Works Co., Ltd.

1979

Nippon Electric Kyusyu, Ltd.

Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd.

Takenaka Komuten Co., Ltd.


Tohoku Ricoh Co., Ltd.

Hamanakodenso Co., Ltd.

1980

Kayaba Industry Co., Ltd.

Komatsu Forklift Co., Ltd.

Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd.

The Takaoka Industrial Co., Ltd.

Kyowa Industrial Co., Ltd.

1981

Aiphone Co., Ltd.

Kyosan Denki Co., Ltd.

Tokyo Juki Industrial Co., Ltd.,

Industrial Sewing Machine Division

1982

Kajima Corp.

Nippon Electric Yamagata Ltd.

Rhythm Watch Co., Ltd.

Yokogawa Hewlett-Packard

Aisin Chemical Co., Ltd.

Shinwa Industrial Co., Ltd.

1983

Shimizu Construction Ltd.

The Japan Steel Works, Ltd.

Aisin Keikinzoku Co., Ltd.

1984 Komatsu Zenoah Co.


The Kansai Electric Power Co., Inc.

Yasukawa Electric Manufacturing Co., Ltd.

Anjo Denki Co., Ltd.

Hokuriku Kogyo Co., Ltd.

1985

Nippon Carbon Co., Ltd.

Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd.

Toyoda Gosei Co., Ltd.

Toyoda Machine Works, Ltd.

Comany Inc.

Hoyo Seiki Co., Ltd.

Uchino Komuten Co., Ltd.

Texas Instruments Japan Limited, Bipolar Department

1986

Hazama-Gumi, Ltd.

Toyoda Automatic Loom Works, Ltd.

Nitto Construction Co., Ltd.

Sanyo Electric Works Ltd.

1987

Aichi Steel Works, Ltd.

Aisin Chemical Co., Ltd.

Daihen Corporation Co., Ltd.

NEC IC Microcomputer Systems, Ltd.


1988

Aisin Keikinzoku, Co., Ltd.

Asmo Co., Ltd.

Fuji Tekko Co., Ltd.

Joban Kosan Co., Ltd., Joban Hawaiian Center

1989

Aisin Sinwa Co., Ltd.

Itoki Kosakusyo Co., Ltd.

Maeda Corporation

NEC Tohoku, Ltd.

TOTO Ltd.

Florida Power & Light Company (U.S.A)

Ahresty Corporation

Toyooki Kogyo Co., Ltd.

1990

Aisin Hoyo Co., Ltd.

Amada Wasino Co., Ltd.

NEC Shizuoka, Ltd.

1991

NEC Kansai Ltd.

Nachi-Fujikoshi Corp.

Hokushin Industries Inc.

Sinei Industries Co., Ltd.

Niigata Toppan Printing Co., Ltd.

Philips Taiwan, Ltd. (Taiwan)


1992 Aisan Industry Co., Ltd.

JATCO Corporation

1993 NTT Data Communications Systems Co.

1994

Maeda Seisakusho Co., Ltd.

AT & T Power Systems (U.S.A.)

AW Industries Co., Ltd.

NT Techno Corp.

Kouritsu Sangyosha Ltd., Partnership

Diamond Electric Mfg. Co., Ltd.

1995

Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd.,

Nuclear Power Division

Mtex Matsumura Corporation

Kikuchi Metal Stamping Co., Ltd.

Toyoseiki Co., Ltd.

1996

Aisin-Shinei Co., Ltd.

Ando Electric Co.

Konica Corporation, Hino Production Division

NEC Musen-Denshi Co., Ltd.

Fuji Photo Optical Co., Ltd.

1997 Aisin Kiko Co., Ltd.

Kojima Press Co., Ltd.


Toyo Glass Co., Ltd.

1998

Aisin AW Seimitsu Co., Ltd.

Ando Electric Engineering Service Co., Ltd.

Itoki All Steel Co., Ltd.

Okinawa Sekiyu Seisei Co., Ltd.

Sanden Corporation

Sundaram-Clayton Limited, Brakes Division (India)

Fujimi Koken Co., Ltd.

1999 Miyama Kogyo Co., Ltd.

2000

Kanehide Aluminum Industry Co., Ltd.

Sanden Butsuryu Co., Ltd.

Sanwa Tech Co., Ltd.

GC Corporation

2001

Sanden System Engineering Co., Ltd.

Sundaram Brake Linings Ltd. (India)

Thai Acrylic Fibre Co., Ltd. (Thailand)

Thai Carbon Black Public Co., Ltd. (Thailand)

2002 The Siam Cement (Thung Song) Co., Ltd. (Thailand)

TVS Motor Company Ltd. (India)

2003 GC Dental Products Corp.

Brakes India Ltd., Foundry Division (India)


Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd., Farm Equipment Sector (India)

Rane Brake Linings Ltd. (India)

Siam Refractory Industry Co., Ltd., The (Thailand)

Sona Koyo Steering Systems Ltd. (India)

Thai Paper Company Ltd. (Thailand)

2004

CCC Polyolefins Company Ltd. (Thailand)

Indo Gulf Fertilisers Ltd. (India)

Lucas-TVS Ltd. (India)

Siam Mitsui PTA Company Ltd. (Thailand)

SRF Ltd., Industrial Synthetics Business (India)

Thai Ceramic Company Ltd. (Thailand)

2005

Hosei Brake Industry Co., Ltd.

Krishna Maruti Ltd., Seat Division (India)

Rane Engine Valves Ltd.(India)

Rane TRW Steering Systems Ltd., Steering Gear Division (India)

2006

Nishizawa Electric Meters Manufacturing Co., Limited

Sanden International (Singapore) PTE Limited(Singapore)

Sanden International (U.S.A.), Inc.(U.S.A.)

Deming Application Prize for Divisions Deming Application Prize for Small Companies Deming Application Prize for Overseas Companies (These categories were abolished in 1995)


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tqm notes --- 1