TQM_-Intro.ppt

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Total Quality

ManagementProtik Kumar Sarkar ID-03-12-22-038Kafi Mahmood Nahin

ID-03-12-22-082Sithartho Kumar GoshamiID-03-12-22-036


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Introduction

Total Made up of the whole(or)Complete.

Quality Degree of Excellence aproduct or service provides to thecustomer in present and future.Management Act , art, or manner of handling , controlling, directing, etc.

TQM is the art of managing the whole toachieve excellence.


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"TQM is a management approach for an organization,centered on quality, based on the participation of all itsmembers and aiming at long-term success throughcustomer satisfaction, and benefits to all members of the organization and to society."Definition

TQM is composed of three paradigms:Total : Organization wideQuality : With its usual Definitions, with all its

complexities (External Definition) Management : The system of managing with steps likePlan, Organise, Control, Lead, Staff, etc.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qualityhttp://www.webdictionary.co.uk/definition.php?query=qualityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Managementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Managementhttp://www.webdictionary.co.uk/definition.php?query=qualityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quality


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DefinitionTotal Quality Management (TQM ) isa management strategy aimed atembedding awareness of quality in allorganizational processes.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Managementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awarenesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qualityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qualityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awarenesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Management


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ExplanationTQM requires that the companymaintain this quality standard in all

aspects of its business.This requires ensuring that thingsare done right the first time and thatdefects and waste are eliminatedfrom operations.
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Quality_standard&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Quality_standard&action=edit


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Evolution of quality Era

1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 1990 2000

Craftsman

Foreman

Inspection

SQC

TQC

TQM

TQC &CWQC

Evolution

Years


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vo u on o qua y eans ocus1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Operation Customers Innovations

Quality of Work life

QualityCircle

Productivity

EmployeeInvolvement

Quality

EmployeesEmpowerment

TotalQuality

Self DirectedTeams

TQC/TQM

Self Directed/Managed

Teams


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Five Pillars of TQM

ProductProcesses

OrganizationLeadershipCommitment


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Five Pillars of TQM

ProductProcesses

OrganizationLeadershipCommitment


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TQM

A management approach centeredon quality, based on company-

wide participation and aimed atlong term success throughcustomer satisfaction (ISO)


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TQM

Based on company-wideparticipation

TQM involves everyone in anorganization -every function andevery activity


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Evolution of Quality

1200-1799

Guilds of

Medieval Europe

1800-1899Product

Orientation

1900-1940

Process

Orientation

1941-1945Quality duringWorld War II

1946-Present

Birth of Total

Quality


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Guilds of Medieval Europe(1200-1799)

Craftsmen across Europe organized into unions calledGuildsGuilds were responsible for developing strict rules for product and service quality

Inspection committees enforced the rules by identifyingflawless goods with a special mark

A second quality mark came from the craftsmenthemselves

Primary Focus: Product Inspection


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Product Orientation(1800-1899)

US quality practices in the 1800swere shaped by several different

production methods:CraftsmanshipThe Factory SystemThe Taylor System


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Craftsmanship

Early 19 th century- the approachtended to follow the craftsmanship

model in the European countriesMasters maintained a form of quality control by inspecting goodsbefore sale


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The Taylor SystemIn the late 19 th century US broke from European traditionand adopted a new management approach by Taylor Taylors goal was to increase productivity withoutincreasing the no. of skilled craftsmenHe achieved this by assigning factory planning tospecialized engineers and using displaced workers andsupervisors to execute the engineers plansThis new approach led to remarkable rises in productivity

BUT


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The Taylor System

Workers once again stripped of their dwindling power and the new

emphasis was on productivitywhich had an adverse effect onquality


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Product Orientation(1800-1899)

Primary Focus: ProductInspection


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Process Orientation(1900-1940)

Beginning of the 20th

century marked theinclusion of processes in quality practicesShewhart recognized that industrial processesyield data.

He determined that this data can be analyzedusing statistical techniques to see if a process isstable or in control or if is being affected byspecial causes that should be fixed.

His concepts are referred to as StatisticalQuality Control (SQC) Primary Focus: Product Inspection & SQC


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Quality during World War II(1941-1945)

After World War II had started, US enacted legislation to help gear the civilian economy to military production

At that time contracts were awarded to manufacturers whosubmitted the lowest bid. Products were inspected upon deliveryThe armed forces inspected virtually every unit of product to ensurethat it was safe for operationTo ease this problem, the armed forces began to utilize samplinginspection to replace unit-by-unit inspectionThey adopted sampling tables and published them in a militarystandard Mil-Std-105They also helped their suppliers improve their quality by sponsoringtraining courses in Shewharts SQC techniques Primary Focus: Sampling Inspection & SQC


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Birth of Total Quality(1946-Present)

After World War II, major Japanesemanufacturers converted from producing militarygoods for internal use to civilian goods for tradePoor response from the world market

Japan started exploring new ways of thinkingabout quality (Deming and Juran)Rather than relying purely on product inspection,total quality focused on improving all

organizational processes through the peoplewho used them


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Birth of Total Quality(1946-Present)

Juran, at a conference of theEuropean organization for quality

control in Sweden made thefollowing prediction

The Japanese are headed for worldquality leadership and will attain itin the next two decades becauseno one else is moving at the samepace


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Americas Response

Initially US clung to its assumption that Japanesesuccess was price related and responded with strategiesaimed at reducing domestic production costs andrestricting imports. This did not prove beneficial

By the end of the 1970s US reached a major qualitycrisis.They started to think if Japan can.. Why cant we? CEO of top US organizations then took an initiative

Documents

TQM_-Intro.ppt