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Texture Profile Analysis A closer look at this popular way of characterising the structure of foods. TPA - The History. General Foods texturometer developed Force/time plot became known as a texture profile - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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TA.XT2i Texture AnalyserTA.XT2i Texture Analyser(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996
Texture Profile Analysis
A closer look at this popularway of characterising the
structure of foods
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TA.XT2i Texture AnalyserTA.XT2i Texture Analyser(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996
• General Foods texturometer developed– Force/time plot became known as a texture
profile
• Szczesniak defined specific terms which correlated well with sensory panel scores -
texture profile analysis– 7 parameters were listed; 5 measured and 2
calculated
TPA - The History
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TA.XT2i Texture AnalyserTA.XT2i Texture Analyser(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996
• Malcolm Bourne adapted the Instron to perform TPA and parameters were slightly modified
TPA - The History
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TA.XT2i Texture AnalyserTA.XT2i Texture Analyser(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996
• Known as the “two bite test”
• Provides textural parameters which correlate well withsensory evaluation parameters
TPA (TEXTURE PROFILE ANALYSIS)
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TA.XT2i Texture AnalyserTA.XT2i Texture Analyser(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996
• Known as the “two bite test”
• Provides textural parameters which correlate well withsensory evaluation parameters
TPA (TEXTURE PROFILE ANALYSIS)
FO
RC
E
TIME
FIRST BITE
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TA.XT2i Texture AnalyserTA.XT2i Texture Analyser(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996
• Known as the “two bite test”
• Provides textural parameters which correlate well withsensory evaluation parameters
TPA (TEXTURE PROFILE ANALYSIS)
FO
RC
E
TIME
SECOND BITE
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TA.XT2i Texture AnalyserTA.XT2i Texture Analyser(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996
Forc
e
Time
o
TPA (TEXTURE PROFILE ANALYSIS)Movement of the Probe
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TA.XT2i Texture AnalyserTA.XT2i Texture Analyser(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996
Forc
e
Time
o
TPA (TEXTURE PROFILE ANALYSIS)Movement of the PROBE
DOWN ‘COMPRESSION’
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TA.XT2i Texture AnalyserTA.XT2i Texture Analyser(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996
Forc
e
Time
o
TPA (TEXTURE PROFILE ANALYSIS)Movement of the PROBE
UP
‘Decompression’
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TA.XT2i Texture AnalyserTA.XT2i Texture Analyser(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996
DOWN
Forc
e
Time
o
TPA (TEXTURE PROFILE ANALYSIS)Movement of the PROBE
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TA.XT2i Texture AnalyserTA.XT2i Texture Analyser(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996
UP
Forc
e
Time
o
TPA (TEXTURE PROFILE ANALYSIS)Movement of the PROBE
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TA.XT2i Texture AnalyserTA.XT2i Texture Analyser(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996
Forc
e
Time
o
TPA (TEXTURE PROFILE ANALYSIS)Analysis of the data
Fracturability
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TA.XT2i Texture AnalyserTA.XT2i Texture Analyser(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996
Forc
e
Time
o
TPA (TEXTURE PROFILE ANALYSIS)Analysis of the data
Fracturability Definition
The force at which there isthe first significant break inthe curve (originally calledthe brittleness)
NB - Not always present
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TA.XT2i Texture AnalyserTA.XT2i Texture Analyser(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996
Forc
e
Time
o
TPA (TEXTURE PROFILE ANALYSIS)Analysis of the data
Hardness 1Hardness 2
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TA.XT2i Texture AnalyserTA.XT2i Texture Analyser(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996
Forc
e
Time
o
TPA (TEXTURE PROFILE ANALYSIS)Analysis of the data
Hardness Hardness 2
DefinitionThe maximum force duringthe first cycle of compression.Is also known as the“firmness”.
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TA.XT2i Texture AnalyserTA.XT2i Texture Analyser(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996
Forc
e
Time
o
TPA (TEXTURE PROFILE ANALYSIS)Analysis of the data
A B
Area 1
Area 2
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TA.XT2i Texture AnalyserTA.XT2i Texture Analyser(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996
Forc
e
Time
o
TPA (TEXTURE PROFILE ANALYSIS)Analysis of the data
A B
Definition
The ratio of the positive forcearea during the second cycleof compression to that of thefirst cycle.
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TA.XT2i Texture AnalyserTA.XT2i Texture Analyser(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996
Forc
e
Time
o
TPA (TEXTURE PROFILE ANALYSIS)Analysis of the data
A B
Definition
The ratio of the positive forcearea during the second cycleof compression to that of thefirst cycle.
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TA.XT2i Texture AnalyserTA.XT2i Texture Analyser(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996
Forc
e
Time
o
TPA (TEXTURE PROFILE ANALYSIS)Analysis of the data
A B
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TA.XT2i Texture AnalyserTA.XT2i Texture Analyser(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996
Forc
e
Time
o
TPA (TEXTURE PROFILE ANALYSIS)Analysis of the data
Stringiness
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TA.XT2i Texture AnalyserTA.XT2i Texture Analyser(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996
Forc
e
Time
o
TPA (TEXTURE PROFILE ANALYSIS)Analysis of the data
Stringiness
Note
Defined as the distance that theproduct is extended during de-compression before separatingfrom the probe.
Not an original TPA parameterand is not included in the TPAanalysis macro at this point.
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TA.XT2i Texture AnalyserTA.XT2i Texture Analyser(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996
Forc
e
Time
o
TPA (TEXTURE PROFILE ANALYSIS)Analysis of the data
Springiness
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TA.XT2i Texture AnalyserTA.XT2i Texture Analyser(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996
Forc
e
Time
o
TPA (TEXTURE PROFILE ANALYSIS)Analysis of the data
Springiness
Definition
The height that the foodrecovers during the time thatelapses between the end of thefirst cycle and the start of thesecond cycle.
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TA.XT2i Texture AnalyserTA.XT2i Texture Analyser(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996
Forc
e
Time
o
TPA (TEXTURE PROFILE ANALYSIS)Analysis of the data
Springiness
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TA.XT2i Texture AnalyserTA.XT2i Texture Analyser(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996
Forc
e
Time
o
TPA (TEXTURE PROFILE ANALYSIS)Analysis of the data
Work of Adhesion
Adhesivness
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TA.XT2i Texture AnalyserTA.XT2i Texture Analyser(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996
Forc
e
Time
o
TPA (TEXTURE PROFILE ANALYSIS)Analysis of the data
Definition
The negative area forthe first compression cycle - representing the work neededto overcome the attractiveforces between the surfaces ofthe probe and the food.
Work of Adhesion
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TA.XT2i Texture AnalyserTA.XT2i Texture Analyser(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996
Forc
e
Time
o
TPA (TEXTURE PROFILE ANALYSIS)Analysis of the data
DefinitionThe maximum negative force of the first compression cycle
Adhesivness
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TA.XT2i Texture AnalyserTA.XT2i Texture Analyser(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996
Resilience
Not an original TPA parameter. Developed from looking closely at elastic recovery A measurement of how the sample recovers from
deformation. Ratio of the first UP ( decompression) stroke to the first
DOWN ( compression) stroke
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TA.XT2i Texture AnalyserTA.XT2i Texture Analyser(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996
Initial Modulus
Not an original Texture Profile Analysis parameter Developed from looking closer at curve before fracture Initial Modulus = Initial Stress / Initial Strain Initial Stress:taken as mean force from 0.5 -1.5secs and
then dividing by the Contact Area Initial Strain:calculated at the 1.5 second point
