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Towards sustainable photovoltaics: the search for new materials
by L. M. Peter
Philosophical Transactions AVolume 369(1942):1840-1856
May 13, 2011
©2011 by The Royal Society
Occurrence in the Earth’s crust and current costs of some of the elements relevant to thin-film photovoltaics.
L. M. Peter Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2011;369:1840-1856
©2011 by The Royal Society
Annual production of some of the elements relevant for photovoltaics.
L. M. Peter Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2011;369:1840-1856
©2011 by The Royal Society
Yearly sum of global irradiation in Europe (adapted from [4])—see also http://re.jrc.ec.europa.eu/pvgis/.
L. M. Peter Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2011;369:1840-1856
©2011 by The Royal Society
Total installed world PV capacity (ROW, rest of the world) [6].
L. M. Peter Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2011;369:1840-1856
©2011 by The Royal Society
Maximum theoretical efficiency (Shockley–Queisser limit) for solar cells under AM1.5 illumination without concentration.
L. M. Peter Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2011;369:1840-1856
©2011 by The Royal Society
Best research solar cell efficiencies.
L. M. Peter Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2011;369:1840-1856
©2011 by The Royal Society
Cross-sectional diagram of the structure of a typical CdS|CdTe solar cell.
L. M. Peter Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2011;369:1840-1856
©2011 by The Royal Society
Cross-sectional diagram of the structure of a typical CIGS solar cell.
L. M. Peter Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2011;369:1840-1856
©2011 by The Royal Society
Schematic diagram to illustrate the electrochemical and electronic processes taking place in a dye-sensitized solar cell under operating conditions.
L. M. Peter Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2011;369:1840-1856
©2011 by The Royal Society
Structure of an organic bulk heterojunction solar cell.
L. M. Peter Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2011;369:1840-1856
©2011 by The Royal Society
Life cycle of a PV array used to calculate the energy payback time (EPT, years) and CO2 emission rate (g C kW h−1).
L. M. Peter Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2011;369:1840-1856
©2011 by The Royal Society
Breakdown of EPT for three PV technologies based on data given by Wild-Schoten [27].
L. M. Peter Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2011;369:1840-1856
©2011 by The Royal Society
Section of the periodic table showing the logic of changing from CuIn(Ga)Se2 to Cu2ZnScS4 by moving from group 13 to groups 12 and 14.
L. M. Peter Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2011;369:1840-1856
©2011 by The Royal Society
Crystal structure of copper zinc tin sulphide (CZTS), which is a promising sustainable alternative to CIGS [31].
L. M. Peter Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2011;369:1840-1856
©2011 by The Royal Society
