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Towards socio-economic and environmental sustainability of reuse: Business modelsIng. Gustavo Heredia16/9/2021
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1. How are treatment costs determined?2. How to ensure the socio-economic and environmental
sustainability of a treatment and reuse system?
Presentation structure+
Hacia una sostenibilidad socioeconómica y ambiental del reúso: modelos de negocio16-9-2021
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Cost determination• Financial modelling• Calculation tools
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+ Net Present Value (NPV)
+ Annual Equivalente Cost (AEC)
Financial modeling
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Present value of a cash flow in time
Net Present Value
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10Period
-100.000
-20.000 PV = -300.000
NPV = ?i = 5%
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Interactive exercise
Annual Equivalent Cost (AEC)
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Cost of treatment and reuse
• Treatment plant components
• Reuse system components
• Pumping
• Transport/distribution
CAPEX
• Wages/labor costs
• Energy
• Consumables/inputs/chemicals
• Routine maintenance
• Rentals
OPEX
Treatment costs
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WW Treatment cost examplesPer-capita investment
73 7565
103
57 5645 45
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
In situ Pequeñas Medianas Grandes
Cost
o de
inve
rsió
n [U
SD/c
apita
]
Heredia, 2021
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WW Treatment cost examplesAnnual Equivalent Cost (AEC)
Heredia, 2021
5 5
8
12
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Tratamiento primario o secundario básico Tratamiento secundario avanzado oterciario
CAE
[USD
/cap
ita*a
ño]
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WW Treatment cost examplesCost per m3 of treated water
0.12
0.18
0.22
0.36
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
Tratamiento primario o secundario básico Tratamiento secundario avanzado oterciario
Cost
o to
tal t
rata
mie
nto
[USD
/m3]
Heredia, 2021
13
WW Treatment cost examplesCosts in relation to wáter-sanitation total costs
73 7565
103
57 5645 45
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
In situ Pequeñas Medianas Grandes
Cost
o de
inve
rsió
n [U
SD/c
apita
]
60
114
155
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Cost
o de
inve
rsió
n [U
SD/c
apita
]
Sistema de agua potable
Alcantarillado sanitario
Planta de tratamiento
Heredia, 2021
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Interface/Containment
Collection/transport Treatment Disposal/
reuse
Costs along the sanitation value chain
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Online tool for santitation costing and planning
+Http://cwiscostingtool.com
CWIS Costing & planning tool
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Socio-economic and environmental sustainability• Costs and benefits of WW treatment• Business models
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Economic losses associated with poor water and sanitation services
Andersson, et. al. 2020, basado en Hutton 2012
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Relación costo-beneficio de las intervenciones para lograr acceso universal a un saneamiento mejorado
Andersson, et. al. 2020, basado en Hutton 2012
Drinkingwater
Industrialreuse
Increased water supply
Energía/ Captura CO2
Industrial production
Fish/fuel
Reduction of energy demand
Avoid exploitation
Nutrients Protein for food Reduction of emissions
Reúso para riego
Increase in production
Ethanol
Safe discharge Increase in production
Avoideutrophication
Surface discharge
Avoid over-exploitation
Soil improvement
Environmental flows
Increased reliability
Public health Aquifer recharge
Different value propositions for resource reuse and recovery
Adaptado de Winchelns et al 2015
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Link in sanitation value chain
Main costs
WW Generation Pre-treatment and stream separation
Collection system Construction, operation and maintenance of collection networks and pumping stations. Control and monitoring.
Treatment Construction, operation and maintenance of treatment plant networks. Control and monitoring.
Additional treatment Construction, operation and maintenance of treatment plant networks. Control and monitoring.
Treated water conveyance Construction and operation of canals, pipelines and storage systems
Reuse Construction, operation and maintenance of irrigation devices, monitoring and identification of water types and potential use
Main costs in reuse systems
Adapted from Adersson et.al. 2020
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Stakeholder Costs Benefits
Central and state government
Investment capital, fiscal costs of transfers and investments
Avoid large water transfer/transport works
Companies/water utilities
Capital costs andO&M costs of new infrastructure; costs of protecting public health
Savings in treatment costs; additional income
Farmers/beneficiaries of treated water
Reuse restrictions Savings in water costs, continuity in water supply, savings in fertilizers
Principales costos y beneficios financieros del TAR y reúso
Adapted from Adersson et.al. 2020
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Cost structure vs. revenue stream
CAPEX
Total cost
OPEX
+TarifTaxesTransfersTrade
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+ Starting date , ending date
+ Initial investment
+ Priority 1: Infrastructure
+ All at once, the bigger the better
+ Long time sustainability
+ Annual equivalent cost (CAPEX + OPEX)
+ Priority 1: Customers
+ Incremental investment/Modular growth
"Project" approach vs. "service" approach
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Functional management model
Ownershipfunction
TechnicalFunctionO&M
Servicecontract
Servicecontract
Supervision/monitoring
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Ownershipfunction+ Owns the infrastructure
+ Has a service provision mandate
+ Sustainability over time and asset maintenance
Functional management model
+ Performance monitoring
+ Problem solving
+ Increase of capacity
+ Technical Reports
+ Daily operations
+ Registration and reporting of activities
+ Maintenance of indicators
+ Supply procurement
Technical function
O&M
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Business model
A business model is defined by the customers it serves, the markets in which it operates, the allies, costs, revenue streams, activities that are carried out, and how added value is created and delivered to the customer.
Osterwalder y Pigneur (2010)
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Allies
Cost structure Revenue stream
Activities
Resources
Value proposition Customer Relations
Chanels
Market segments
Business model (example)
Classic business model canvas
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Business model (example)
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Allies
MunicipalityFarmers' AssociationUniversity
Cost structureSystem AEC 60,000 USD/year (includes CAPEX and OPEX)
Revenue stream40,000 USD/year for irrigation water and20,000 USD/year for sewerage tariff10,000 USD/year state government transfer for environmental protection incentive
Activities
Treatment, monitoring, pumping and conduction of water
Recursos
Sistema de bombeo y conducción
Value proposition
Constant and reliable flow of water for irrigation that allows farmers 2 plantings instead of one
Customer Relations
Agreement between municipality and farmers
Canales
Asociación de regantes
Market segments
Farmers located within 2km of the treatment plant
Business model (example)
Classic business model canvas
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The session materials:
• Presentation • Recording
Can be found in the CReW+ Academy website
Link: https://academy.gefcrew.org/en/resources
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1. Enter the evaluation survey through the link found in the chat:
https://app.wisembly.com/crewplus
2. Enter the login password: Academy2
3. Fill the evaluation survey
Steps to complete the evaluation survey
36
+ Andersson et.al., Sanitation, wastewater management and sustainability; from waste
disposal to resource recoveryhttps://www.sei.org/publications/saneamiento-gestion-de-aguas-residuales-y-sostenibilidad-de-la-eliminacion-de-residuos-a-la-recuperacion-de-recursos/
+ CWIS Costing and Planning Toolhttp://www.cwiscostingtool.com
+ Heredia, Saavedra, Rojas, Evaluation of the annual equivalent cost (AEC) of wastewater treatment plants in the municipalities of Cliza and Tolatahttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/338952248_EVALUACION_DEL_COSTO_ANUAL_EQUIVALENTE_DE_LAS_PLANTAS_DE_TRATAMIENTO_DE_AGUAS_RESIDUALES_DE_LOS_MUNICIPIOS_DE_CLIZA_Y_TOLATA
+ Other related documents wastewater treatment and reuse: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Gustavo-Heredia-3
Reference
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Gracias
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Hacia una sostenibilidad socioeconómica y ambiental del reúso: modelos de negocio16-9-2021
Financiado por Co-implementado por Co-ejecutado por
