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TOWARDS EXPANDING THE SOUTH AFRICAN
RHIZOBIUM CULTURE COLLECTION (SARCC) AS A
GENETIC RESOURCE AND ITS APPLICATION IN
SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE
AI Hassen , FL Bopape, K Mashau & DM Sibanyoni Agricultural Research Council Plant Protection Research Institute (ARC-PPRI)
Email: [email protected]
Joint Forum Biodiversity Information Management & Foundational Information Program, 14 -17 August 2017, Salt Lake Beach Resort, Durban
1. SARCC- Historical Background
2. Maintenance of the rhizobium culture
3. The SARCC database and prospects for improvement
4. Applications of the SARCC data (Biological Nitrogen Fixation)
5. Concluding summary and recommendations
1903, Nobbs, field trials with legumes at Ellensburg, Stellenbosch.
Did not result in significant research in Nitrogen -fixing systems in
South Africa until the late 1950’s.
Establishment of Serradella (Ornithopus compressus) and the role
of its nitrogen fixing rhizobial symbiont (Sim, 1958).
In 1959, Margareta Mes – Rhizobium - legume symbiosis (University
of Pretoria, Univ. Stellenbosch).
1965, exploitation of the nodule bacterium legume symbiosis and
nodulation status of indigenous legumes & legumes of economic
importance in South Africa.
Indigenous Trifolium spp. (T. africanum, T. burchellianum)
Rhizobium specificity confirmed among various African clover
species; broad spectrum R. leguminosarum biov. trifolii
Studies on exotic Trifolium spp, early 1960’s (need to inoculate with
R. leguminosarum biov. trifolii).
Populations of Sinorhizobium meliloti effective on lucerne (Medicago
sativa) naturalized in most areas with suitable pH.
Also effective on annual medics Medicago truncata, M. littoralis
South African soils rich in indigenous Bradyrhizobium spp. that
nodulate Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea) & Cowpea (V. unguiculata)
Lack of B. japonicum strains effective on local soybean (Glycine max
L.) cultivars (show specific B. japonicum requirement)
Since 1960s, ARC-Plant Protection Research Institute started to
expand research on the rhizobium-legume symbiosis in South Africa
Became the custodian of a wide range of rhizobium collections that
led to the establishment of the SARC, now with the acronym SARCC
Several hundreds of rhizobia (>1500 strains) belonging to Rhizobium,
Bradyrhizobium, Sinorhizobium & Mesorhizobium species.
Routinely maintained (viability, purity, identity).
SARCC- an integral part of the SA legume industry.
Main source of legume rhizobium inoculant strains.
Significant economic and social benefits (commercial & subsistence).
Collection activities of the SARCC support research in Biological
Nitrogen Fixation (BNF)
SARCC cultures obtained from various sources: field collections,
international sources (overseas culture collections, universities, client
deposits etc.).
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r Viability and concentration
Purity and preliminary ID Cultural characteristics, purity
Species/Genus ID
TJ14
SR4
SAC2
Rhizobium rhizogenes 163C
UD5
Rhizobium tropici strain LNW10
Rhizobium tropici strain LNP6
XCR6
RAK1
Sinorhizobium meliloti QTX 8-2
Sinorhizobium meliloti Qtx-8-1
RF14
Rhizobium taeanense strain PSB 2-6
XAP2
Mesorhizobium amorphae
XEL1
Mesorhizobium sp. SOD33
Azospirillum brasilense REC3
Azospirillum brasilense strain 13-2C
Bradyrhizobium elkanii DASA35013
XHX1
WB74
Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 110
Bradyrhizobium japonicum DASA38025
XHT1
XBQ5
Sinorhizobium fredii USDA 194
Mesorhizobium loti
Bradyrhizobium sp. USDA 4424
Bradyrhizobium sp. AP28 FN566882.1 89
68
98
72
58
56
54
100
90
79
99
98
60
94
99 91
90
81 89
98
78
94
99
0.1
SAC2
Trifolium sp
Hassen et al. 2015 , unpublished
SARCC-RB16h Mesorhizobium amorphae CCBAU 85061 (EU256436.1)
SARCC-RB15b SARCC-RB10g SARCC-RB15i SARCC-RB10a SARCC-RB 16b SARCC-RB15d SARCC-RB19c SARCC-RB15g Mesorhizobium sp. SOD33 (EF125932.1) SARCC-RB15a SARCC-RB16f SARCC-RB16i SARCC-RB16p SARCC-RB16l SARCC-RB16n Mesorhizobium amorphae SEMIA 848 (FJ025122.1)
SARCC-RB14g SARCC-RB5e Rhizobium sp. kmd 046
Rhizobium rhizogenes 163C SARCC-RB1d SARCC-RB8c SARCC-RB17a SARCC-RB17b R.tropici strain LNW10 R.tropici LNP7 SARCC-RB1h Rhizobium tropici sp CCBAU 25295 Rhizobium tropici sp LNP6
Bradyrhizobium japonicum sp DASA38025 Bradyrhizobium elkanii DASA35013 SARCC-RB10m Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 110
Azospirillum brasilense A154 SARCC-RB14h SARCC-RB17c
SARCC-RB14i Burkholderia sp. WSM4206 (HQ698907.1) SARCC-RB1i Burkholderia sp T132 GU191167.1 Burkholderia pyrrocinia sp.H5 SARCC-RB5f SARCC-RB16g SARCC-RB15c SARCC-RB10c
SARCC-RB16k Herbasprillum.seropedicae Z67 SARCC-RB10h Herbasprillum lusitanum P6-12
99
99
69
99
96
99
99
93
99
85
99
89
95
85
77
89
94
99
0.02
α-rhizobia
β-rhizobia
Hassen et al. 2012 Biol. Fert. Soils
Culture collections with valuable biodiversity data must have a
reliable and user-friendly system: in house data management
system; home page; online catalogue. Help the collections to
manage, disseminate and share the information related to their
holdings.
Improves the scientific status of the collections; distributions &
holdings; utilization of microbial resources & applications in
research
Proper maintenance of national assets required to provide key
services, sustainable crop production and crop protection
(Safeguard food security).
.