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Towards an Integrated Towards an Integrated Planning and Decision Planning and Decision Support System (IPDSS) for Support System (IPDSS) for land consolidationland consolidation
Demetris Demetriou*,District Land Consolidation Officer of Larnaca and Famagusta, CyprusDipl. (Eng.), MSc (Eng.), MSc, PhD (Cand.)
“In
form
atio
n a
nd
Lan
d M
anag
emen
t: A
Dec
ade
afte
r th
e M
illen
niu
m”
15-1
7 N
ove
mb
er, S
ofi
a, B
ulg
aria
Demetris Demetriou*, John Stillwell, Linda See
Centre for Spatial Analysis and PolicySchool of Geography
ContentsContents
o Land fragmentationo Land consolidationo Land reallocationo Methods utilisedo LACONISS frameworko Conclusions
Land fragmentationLand fragmentationLand consolidationLand consolidation
Land consolidation =Land consolidation =Land reallocation + Land reallocation + InfrastructureInfrastructureo It is the most important and complex process of land consolidation
o The problem: “How to optimally rearrange the existing land tenure structure in a certain rural area so as to fulfill the aims of a particular land consolidation project?”
o The existing information systems cannot adequately support the process
Land redistribution + Land Land redistribution + Land partitioningpartitioning
Land redistributionLand redistribution
o Which landowners will take property in the new plan and which not?
o What is the total area and land value of the property which will receive each landowner in the new plan?
o How many parcels will receive each landowner in the new plan?
o What is the area and land value of each new parcel?
o What is the approximate location of the new parcel(s) will take each landowner?
Land partitioningLand partitioning
o Sub-division of land into smaller “sub-spaces”
o The aim is to generate regularly shaped parcels which all have access to roads
o Define the exact shape and the location of each new parcel
Methods utilisedMethods utilised
o Geographical information systems (GIS)
oThe planning and decision making modelo Expert systems (ES)o Genetic algorithms (GAs)o Multi-criteria decision methods (MCDM)
The planning and decision The planning and decision making model (Simon’s making model (Simon’s model, 1960)model, 1960)
Intelligence
Design
Choice
The intelligence phase“Is there a need for implementing land consolidation?”
The design phase“What are the alternative land reallocation plans?”
The choice phase“Which alternative plan is the most beneficial?”
Expert systems (ES)Expert systems (ES)
“IF this condition (or premise or
antecedent) occurs THEN some action (or results or conclusion, or consequence) will or should occur”.
Genetic algorithms (GAs)Genetic algorithms (GAs)
Multi-criteria decision Multi-criteria decision methods (MCDM)methods (MCDM)
o Multi-attribute decision making (MADM)
o It is a selection processo Limited number of alternatives
o Multi-objective decision making (MODM)
o It is a design processo Infinitive/large feasible alternatives
LACONISS frameworkLACONISS framework
LAnd CONsolidation Integrated Support System for planning and decision making
The conceptual framework The conceptual framework of LACONISSof LACONISS
Intelligence phase
Design phase I
Choice phase I
System description
(Build GIS model)
Design & Choice phase II
Assess the current situation
(Measure land fragmentation)
Evaluate alternatives
(Evaluate land redistribution plans)
Generate and evaluate parcels
(Land partitioning and final land reallocation plan)
Generate alternatives
(Generate land redistribution plans)
The operational framework The operational framework of LACONISSof LACONISS
LACONISS(Land Consolidation Integrated
Support System for planning and decision making)
LandSpaCES(Land Spatial Consolidation Expert
System)
LandParcelS(Land Parcelling System)
Design phase ILand redistribution module
(GIS+ES)
Choice phase ILand redistribution evaluation
module (GIS+MADM)
Design II & Choice IILand partitioning module
(GIS+ GAs+ MODM)
Alternative land redistribution plans Final land
reallocation plan
Best land redistribution plan
LandFragmentS(Land Fragmentation System)
Intelligence phaseLand Fragmentation module
(GIS+MADM)
Intelligence phase: the land Intelligence phase: the land fragmentation model (GIS + fragmentation model (GIS + MADM)MADM)
o Factors: e.g. distance among parcels, number of parcels, size and shape of parcels etc.o Weights: From 0-1, with sum 1 for all factorso Scores: e.g. number of parcels =3, Size=5000m2, Number of corners=10 etc.o Standardize scores at 0-1 scale using value functionso Index (0-1)= Sum (standardized score X weight)
Structuring the land fragmentation model
Calculate scores for each land fragmentation factor
Standardise scores
Calculate the land fragmentation index
Select factors Weight factors
Ownership level Global level
Structuring the land fragmentation model
Calculate scores for each land fragmentation factor
Standardise scores
Calculate the land fragmentation index
Select factors Weight factors
Ownership level Global level
Design phase I : the land Design phase I : the land redistribution design model (GIS + redistribution design model (GIS + ES)ES)
74
rule
s, 10
rule
clu
sters
STARTDoes the property of a
landowner exceed the min land value and/or area limits set by
the Committee?
Has the landowner “excepted” parcels?
The landowner will not receive property and his/her
property will be distributed to other landowners.
No
No Allocate to the landowner the
“excepted” parcels in the same location.
Yes
Has the landowner “excepted” parcels?
Yes
Allocate to the landowner the
“excepted” parcel (s) in the same location
No
Has the landowner enough land to
receive other parcels?
Land distribution to the landowner finished
What is the max no. of parcels which may receive a
landowner ?
Only one parcel
Up to three parcels
Up to two parcels
Yes
Yes
No
How many parcels has the
landowner?
How many parcels has the
landowner?
How many parcels has the
landowner?
1 Parcel
> 1 Parcel
2 Parcels
>2 Parcels
3 Parcels
>3 Parcels
Land redistribution case 1
Land redistribution case 2
Land redistribution case 6
Land redistribution case 5
Land redistribution case 4
Land redistribution case 3
An IF-THEN ruleAn IF-THEN rule
IF [the total area of the property of a landowner is less than a minimum area limit defined by the Land Consolidation Committee ]
THEN [the landowner will not receive property in the new plan and he will receive compensation and his/her property will be allocated to other landowners]
Choice phase I: the land Choice phase I: the land redistribution evaluation model redistribution evaluation model (GIS + MADM)(GIS + MADM)
Evaluation criteriao Number of parcels per holding and per landownero Size, shape and dispersion of parcelso Ownership type of parcelso Accessibility to roado Number of landowners
Design & Choice phase II: the land Design & Choice phase II: the land partitioning model (GIS + GAs + partitioning model (GIS + GAs + MODM)MODM)
N
i Piperimeter
Piarea
12 )(
)(
16
1min
continuity
yverticalit
linearity
corners
frontage
area
value
min
Where Pi is a vector of N land parcels: P= (P1, P2, P3…, Pn) and i=1,2,3,…N, the number of parcels.
Con
strain
t vio
latio
n
Land partitioning model Land partitioning model representation (1)representation (1)
Population: a set of land partitioning plans
Individual: a land partitioning plan
Chromosome: a land parcel
Gene: a grid cell of a land parcel
Land partitioning model Land partitioning model representation (2)representation (2)
What it has been done so What it has been done so far?far?o The development of LandSpaCES (Design Module) o Very encouraging results: system's decisions are close to experts decisions from 63 to 100% for nine criteriao LandSpaCES solved the problem in 6 mins while experts in 30 days!o The evaluation module of LandSpaCES is currently under development
o Presentations about LandSpaCESo AGILE (Association of Geographic Information Laboratories for Europe), University of Utrecht, The Netherlands, 18-21 April 2011o FIG working week in Marrakech, Morocco, 15-17 May 2011
ConclusionConclusion
o The objectives are ambitious and the development of the system is a real challenge. However, the geotechnology tools and methods now available provide the means by which such a hybrid theoretical framework can be achieved.
Many thanks for your Many thanks for your attention and patience!attention and patience!
Questions, comments, Questions, comments, advices etc. are welcomed! advices etc. are welcomed!