Towards a Low-Carbon Society- Climate Change Policy in Japan -

Hiroaki TakiguchiDirector

Low-Carbon Society Promotion OfficeGlobal Environment Bureau

Ministry of the Environment, Japan（MOEJ）

1

International CCS Symposium for Low‐Carbon Society

12th February 201510:35‐11:05

1.4

1.1

Emissions（Billion t‐CO2 eq.）

1.2

1.3 1,261 Mt

1,395 Mt＜ +1.6％ over PY＞

( +1.3% over FY2005)[+10.6％ over FY1990]

1990

1,286 Mt＜+4.2％over PY＞

1,337 Mt＜+3.9％ over PY＞1,310 Mt

＜‐6.0％from PY＞

1,234 Mt＜‐5.8％ from PY＞

1,377 Mt 1,373 Mt＜+2.7％ over PY＞

2005 2008 2009 2010 2011 20122006 2007

1,394 Mt＜+2.4％ over PY＞

1,361 Mt＜‐1.2％ from PY*＞(*PY= previous year)

2013 (Preliminary)

Trend of GHG Emissions in Japan

Japan achieved its Kyoto target.

Great East Japan Earthquake（March 2011)

(Source) Ministry of the Environment, Japan2

Trend of Final energy consumptions andEnergy-Originated CO2 Emissions

13,889 

15,702 15,428 15,814 15,975 15,784 16,006 15,872 16,043 15,996 15,968 15,790 

14,720 14,393 14,973 14,529 14,349 14,227 

1,059

1,143 1,113

1,148 1,167 1,153 1,193 1,198 1,198 1,203 1,185

1,218

1,138 1,075

1,123 1,173

1,208 1,224

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1990

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

Final ene

rgy consum

ptions（10³TJ）

Ene

rgy-

orig

inat

ed C

O2

emis

sion

s(M

t-CO

2)

最終エネルギー消費量 エネルギー起源CO2排出量Final energy consumptions Energy‐Originated CO2 Emissions

(Source) General Energy Statistics (Agency for Natural Resources and Energy ) 3

72.7%

73.8%

74.2%

75.4%

76.6%

80.2%

80.8%

81.3%

84.2%

80.1%

81.7%

80.5%

73.4%

59.7% 68.9%

71.9%

69.9%

60.7%

60.0%

65.7%

67.3%

23.7%

3.9%

2.3%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

199

0

199

1

199

2

199

3

199

4

199

5

199

6

199

7

199

8

199

9

200

0

200

1

200

2

200

3

200

4

200

5

200

6

200

7

200

8

200

9

201

0

201

1

201

2

201

3

(Fiscal Year(FY))

(Source) Agency of Natural Resources and Energy, METI

Trend of CO2 Emissions Intensity in the Electricity Sector

4

Table Trend of CO2 Emissions Intensity in the Electricity Sector

Table Trend of the capacity factor of nuclear power

(Source) The Federation of Electric Power Companies of Japan

0.417

0.408

0.416

0.386

0.4120.389

0.3820.366

0.354

0.373 0.3760.376

0.404

0.433

0.418

0.423

0.410

0.4530.444

0.412

0.413

0.510

0.5710.570

0.30

0.35

0.40

0.45

0.50

0.55

0.60

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

(Fiscal Year(FY))

(UnitkgCO

2/kW

h )

To request the power sector to develop a sector-wide framework for CO2 emissions reduction

To check the following points in environmental impact assessment:

1. Adoption of Best Available Technologies (BATs)

The national government has released a list of BATs.

2. Consistency with national target and plans:

• To take actions under the sector-wide framework or plans, including mitigation in abroad to offset the net increase emission over a natural gas power plant

To accelerate technology development of CCS and conduct survey on potential CO2 storage sites for commercialization of CCS by around 2020

To consider introduction of CCS at coal-fired power plants by 2030 and identify requirements for CCS Ready

Policy on Fossil Fuel Fired Power Plants

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Objective:• To lay groundwork for introducing CCS at coal-fired power plants;• To take into consideration Japan-specific factors in introducing

CCS

～Toward Zero Carbon Emission Thermal Power Plants～Carbon dioxide Capture and Storage (CCS)

Projects under the MOEJ Initiative

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1. Investigation of potential CO2 storage site(A joint project with Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry)

2. Feasibility Study for the Introduction of Sustainable CCS Technology

3. Demonstration of carbon dioxide capture facility equipped to a waste incineration plant (proposed)

Geological Structures Suitable for CO2 Storage

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Reservoir layer （sandstone etc.）

Cap rock layer （mudstone）

• To identify potential CO2 storage sites in waters surrounding Japan, as well as considering deep sea areas

• To conduct two or three-dimensional seismic surveys and boring surveys for identifying the extent and structure of the reservoir and the cap rock

1.Investigation of potential CO2 storage site(A joint project by MOEJ and METI)

In FY2014, Japan CCS Co., Ltd. was commissioned to conduct the investigation project and is currently conducting the survey and analysis of existing data.

Observation ship

Streamer Cable  88

Image of 2D seismic survey for potential site

Observation shipStreamer Cable (receiver)

Air‐gun (source)

Reflection

Reflection

Sea Water

SeabedSedimentary 

Layer

Basement Rock

Tail buoyAbout 4,000m

Task 2. Study of Shuttle Ship Transportation and Injection System

Task 3. Social and Economic Groundwork for CCS Introduction Injection wellImpermeable

layer

Saline aquifer

Flexible riser pipe

CO2 shuttle‐ship

Coal‐firedpower plant CO2 

Captureplant

Offshore area (deep water)

Task 4. Preparation for Demonstration Projects

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Task 1. Evaluation of the Environmental Impacts in the CO2 Capture Process

2.Feasibility Study for the introduction of Sustainable CCS technology

Project leaderDr. Makoto Akai  (AIST)

contract

Advisory committee for introducing sustainable CCS

Subcommittee for shuttle ship transportation and injection technologies

Subcommittee for environmental impact of CO2 separation and capture absorbentAdvice

Report

Consortium

Mizuho Information & Research Institute, Inc. (organizer)

National Institute of Advanced Industrial science and Technology

Toshiba Corporation Chiyoda Corporation

JGC Corporation Quintessa Japan

Quintessa Quintessa Japan

Institutional Arrangement of the Project

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Task 1. Evaluation of the Environmental Impacts in the CO2 Capture Process

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The project aims to• Study: the impact of emissions from amine solutions on the environment;

flue gas composition; and emission reduction technologies• Conduct risk assessment of the CO2 capture process.

Background:• CO2 absorbents (amine solvents) may affect the environment when

released to the atmosphere.• Nitrosamine, which is one of the amine derivatives, may have risks to

human health.

Post Combustion CO2 Capture Pilot Plant (Toshiba)

Task 2. Study of Shuttle Ship Transportation and Injection System

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Why we need offshore CO2 storage ?1. Most of CO2 emission sources exist along the coasts.

2. Offshore areas are less used compared to coastal waters.

What are key benefits of shuttle ship transportation system ?1. Easy to match source and sink

2. Flexible to change transportation/storage plans

sources

sinks

Task 2. Study of Shuttle Ship Transportation and Injection System(cont’d)

Onshore facilities

CO2 Carrier

Satellite

Communication buoy

Pickup buoy

Pickup float

Coupler (Connector)

Bend stiffenerFlexible riser pipe + Umbilical cable

Pipe protector Anchor Bend restrictor

Christmas tree

Signal & Battery charging wire

Mooring wire

Pickup rope

Pickup wire

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CO2 Shuttle Ship Transportation & Onboard Injection System

CO₂ Separation & Capture

CO₂ Compressing, Drying & Liquefaction

CO2 Loading  CO2 Shuttle ShipPower Plant

Buffer storage onshore only (avoidance of offshore tank storage) Direct Injection of CO2 from ship (no offshore permanent platform required)

Task 3. Social and Economic Groundwork for CCS Introduction

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• Economic analysis of CCS• Lifecycle CO2 assessment• Considering policies and measures • Analysis of side effects of CCS• Awareness raising of CCS for public acceptance• Exploration of overseas deployment potential

Effective Introduction of CCS

Technology Development

Public Consensus

Policies and Measures

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Task 4. Preparation for Demonstration Projects

• Review of demonstration sites• Study of monitoring methods for deep water sea area• Design of integrated CCS demonstration projects

Study of monitoring methods

• Optimizing a continuous monitoring system to detect CO2 leakage

• Simulation of CO2 leakage and dispersion into water

• Study of basic properties of CO2 hydrate barrier layer under seafloor

• To promote understanding of CCS by sharing current policies and activities of CCS in the world. (Keynote address) 

• To share problems on effective introduction of CCS and explore measures to solve them. (Session I: Arrangement for effective introduction of CCS)

• To share status of public understanding of CCS domestic and overseas and explore method of knowledge sharing and communication design, considering CCS‐specific characteristics.  (Session II: Public understanding of CCS)

• To introduce on‐going activities of the CCS project commissioned by MOEJ. (Poster Session)

Objectives of the Symposium

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CO2 emissions in Japan are increasing after the nuclear power plant accident.

Reduction of CO2 emissions from coal-fired power plants is critical to climate change mitigation.

The Japanese Government is responsible for:• Accelerating CCS technology development;• Conducting survey on potential CO2 storage sites for

commercialization of CCS by around 2020; and• Considering introduction of CCS at coal-fired power

plants by 2030 and identifying requirements for CCS Ready

MOEJ is implementing projects regarding:• Investigation of potential CO2 storage site• Feasibility Study for the Introduction of Sustainable

CCS Technology

Summary

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