A ROADMAP TO THE PHILIPPINES’ FUTURE:

TOWARDS A KNOWLEDGE-TOWARDS A KNOWLEDGE-BASED ECONOMYBASED ECONOMY

“We are entering a new age, an age of knowledge, in which the key strategic resource necessary for prosperity has become knowledge itself – educated

people, their ideas and innovation, and their entrepreneurial spirit.”

(Bloch, 1988)

• Regions must create and sustain a highly educated and innovative workforce and the capacity to generate and apply new knowledge, supported through policies and investments in developing human capital, technological innovation and entrepreneurial skills.

PILLARS OF KBEPILLARS OF KBE

• Knowledge becomes the key engine of economic growth.

• Knowledge economy is one where knowledge is acquired, created, disseminated and applied to enhance economic development.

KNOWLEDGE- DRIVEN DEV’T

PROCESS (World Bank)

1. An educated and skilled labor force

2. A modern and adequate information infrastructure

3. An effective innovation system4. Country’s overall business and

governance framework which determine the flow of investment in the first three factors.

PURSUING THE FOUR PILLARS OF KBE1. Primary to building a KBE is the need to

strengthen education to produce a skilled workforce.

2. National Science and Technology Plan (NSTP) 2002-2020

– Action Plans on Science and Technology (S&T) and Research and Development (R&D)

3. Establishment of Networks, including ICT infrastructure and social networks.

4. Implementation of policies and regulatory frameworks towards a KBE.

Transforming the Philippines Into KBEA STRATEGIC ROADMAPPING

Transformation Into KBE• Started 2 decades ago when the country

experienced chronic foreign exchange and debt crisis

• Road to KBE is not an easy task. Pushing for this might be an answer to the long-running problems of the country of issues on poverty.

• The Philippines marches towards the realization of a developed economy hinged on the critical interface among the 4 pillars of the knowledge economy framework:– Education for a skilled workforce– S&T Innovation– ICT infrastructure– Policy and Regulatory Environment

THE PHILIPPINE EDUCATION

SYSTEM

• Education System includes formal and non-formal education

• English is the primary medium of instruction in all levels, both in private and public learning institutions

• Formal education is a sequential progression of academic schooling at 3 levels: elementary, secondary and tertiary/ higher education.

• 1st Level/ Elementary or Primary Education (compulsory six grades –Grades 1-6) age group 6-12

• Secondary Education (2nd level of the system) age group 13-17, prerequisite elementary education

• Tertiary or Higher Education (3rd level) Collegiate, Master’s and Doctorate degree/ post secondary schooling leading to 1, 2, or 3rd year non degree technical or vocational course

– is an organized learning activity aimed at attaining a set of objectives outside the established formal system intended for a particular clientele, especially the out of school youth or adult illiterates who cannot avail themselves of the formal education.

– Courses are skills-oriented and range from 6-10 months.

Alternative Learning System (ALS) or Non Formal Education (NFE)

• Administration of the education system in the country is trifocalized (3 different agencies man the 3 education levels of the system)Commission on Higher Education (CHED)

– responsible for higher educationTechnical Education and Skills Development (TESDA) –

mandated to administer the post secondary middle-level manpower training and development

Department of Education (DepEd) - mandated to focus on basic education (covers

elementary, secondary and non-formal basic education)

MANAGEMENT OF A TRIFOCALIZED

EDUCATION SYSTEM

HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM

Commission on Higher Education• The governing body of both public and private

higher education institutions.• Higher education system in the Philippines

consists of 1,726 colleges and universities (AY 2007-2008)– 1,222 private non-sectarian HEIs– 301 private sectarian– 203 public HEIs (110 SUCs / 77 LCUs/ 16 special

government schools –PMA and Local Government Academy) - 12% private HEIs

88% private HEIs

Commission on Higher Education

Universities: 186 HEIs (11%)• Public* – 64 (46 SU/ 18 LU) (34%)• Private – 122 (89 Non Secretarian/ 13 Secretarian) ( 66%)

Colleges: 1,540 HEIs (89%)• Public*– 139 (64 SC/ 59 LC/ 16 OGS) (9%)• Private – 1401 (1,133 Non Secretarian/ 268 Secretarian) (

91%)Note: * satellite campuses not included (total no. of satellite campuses: 334 (SU satellite campuses: 226 and SC satellite campuses 108)

• Enrolments in tertiary continuously increase each year.

• SY 2007-2008 – enrolment reached 2,565,534 while for SY 2006-2007 – enrolment reached 2,541,405 registering a slight increase over the previous years enrolment of 2,451,238 (SY 2005-2006)

• Of this, 34% of the students enrolled are at public higher education institutions (PHEIs) while 66% are enlisted with private HEIs.

• SY 2007-2008 projection of 491,320 graduates, SY 2006-2007 (projection) of 473,613 graduates. For SY 2005-2006, there were 419,000 graduates produced by the higher education system

• 67% are in Business Administration and related disciplines, education and teacher training, engineering and technology, medical and allied disciplines.

• Highest is in the Medicine and Health-related programs followed by Teacher Education and Engineering and Technology

Student Financial Assistance Programs

• Faculty Qualification, current proportion of faculty members with graduate degrees is 31% with Masters and 9% with PhD degrees

• In comparison, the proportion of faculty members in HEIs with Masters degree in 2000 was 26%, while proportion of those with PhD degrees was 8%.

Student Financial Assistance Programs

• SY 2006-2007, CHED funding support of P411,204,500 (41,704 beneficiaries nationwide under the 16 student financial assistance programs (Scholarship, Grant-in-Aid and Student Loan Programs)

Expanded Tertiary Education Equivalency Accreditation Program

(ETEEAP)• ETEEAP provides accreditation and equivalency of

learning and competencies acquired outside the formal education system.

• The number of graduates from ETEEAP has increased to 1012 in SY 2006-2007 from 656 in SY 2005-2006.

MTDPHE Strategic Framework POVERTY REDUCTION

HIGHER EDUCATION SUBSECTORAL VISION

HIGHER EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT THRUSTS•Quality and Excellence

•Relevance and Responsiveness•Access and Equity

•Efficiency and Effectiveness

HIGHER EDUCATION FUNCTIONSHuman Resource Development through

• Education and Training• Research and Extension

• Effective and Efficient Management of Higher Education

Anti-Corruption, Peace,

Bureaucractic Reform,Fiscal Strengthening

Mobilizing Knowledge to

Enhance Productivity

HRD Priority Disciplines:Basic Service ProvisionMarket Responsive for

Key Employment Generators

Investment in Education

• Government is responding through the 3 Es- Economy, Environment and Education.

• Education occupies the front seat, having been allocated PhP200 billion (16% of the overall budget, removing the automatic appropriations for debt services – then it will come up to 34%)

Progression & Drop-out RatesProgression & Drop-out Rates

Grade 1 pupils100

finish Grade 634dropout

66

enroll in 1st year HS 8OSY

58

finish high school15dropout

43

23 , 10

enroll in HE, TVET10OSY

33

14 , 7

graduate in HE, TVET12

dropout21

KEY CHALLENGES IN HIGHER

EDUCATION:Anchored on the 3 Functions of HE

• Human Resource Development – the urgent task to respond critically and

strategically from both the domestic and international arenas (role of HE in HRD and priority disciplines in HE: teacher education, health-related, cyberservices, engineering, agriculture and entrepreneurship and maritime)

• Research– to be more proactive in mobilizing knowledge to

directly contribute to productivity by re-orienting university-based research and development towards systematic and purposive utilization of research outputs to generate employment and support poverty reduction

• Extension Services– Seize the current opportunity to assist national

government to effect social, bureaucratic and fiscal reforms through HRD and effective and efficient management

KEY CHALLENGES IN HIGHER EDUCATION:Within the Key Development Thrusts

• Quality and Excellence– Higher education and regulatory framework– Unified national qualifications framework– Role of accreditation– Faculty development

• Relevance and Responsiveness– Values formation– Graduate education

• Access and Equity– The UNQF, Ladderization and ETEEAP– Financial assistance programs

• Efficiency and Effectiveness– Regional state university system– Typology– Direct channeling of government subsidy for students– Normative financing

DEVELOPMENT INTERVENTIONS IN

HIGHER EDUCATION: Policies, Strategies,

Programs and Activities

• Improve contribution to poverty reduction through HRD– Broaden access– Address quantitative mismatch– Address qualitative mismatch

• Improve contribution to knowledge mobilization to enhance productivity through HRD, research and extension– Promote higher education research for

regional government– Strengthen graduate education– Promote and support research output

utilization– Promote, facilitate and sustain partnership

between HEIs and industrial entities for research and extension projects

DEVELOPMENT INTERVENTIONS IN HIGHER EDUCATION: Policies, Strategies, Programs and Activities

• Support and contribute to anti-corruption, peace process, bureaucratic reform and fiscal strengthening– Integrate values formation – Promote integration of indigenous communities– Support integration of Madaris into mainstream HE– Strengthen income-generating capacities of SUCs– Rationalize the structure, programs and fees in HEIs– Rationalize public HEIs through the implementation of normative

financing formula– Improve HE policy framework and governance system– Rationalize the utilization of the HE development fund

REFERENCE:

• THE PHILIPPINE MAIN EDUCATION HIGHWAY: TOWARDS A KNOWLEDGE-BASED ECONOMY (2008)– Published by the Presidential Task Force for Education and

the Office of the Presidential Assistant for Education• A ROADMAP TO QUALITY HIGHER EDUCATION: A NEW

PHILIPPINE EDUCATION HIGHWAY (2009)• MEDIUM-TERM DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR HIGHER

EDUCATION 2005-2010

Maraming Salamat Po!!!