Towards a groundwater management operating strategy for the …€¦ · cation exchange capacity (CEC), and particle size distribution. Historic data on water levels and groundwater

Towards a Groundwater Management Operating Strategy for the Tamala Park Landfill: Progress Report G.B. Davis, N. Innes, R.J. Woodbury and A. Märki Report to the Mindarie Regional Council

CSIRO Land and Water Report March 2006

ii

Copyright © 2006 CSIRO Land and Water To the extent permitted by law, all rights are reserved and no part of this publication covered by copyright may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means except with the written permission of CSIRO Land and Water. Important Disclaimer CSIRO Land and Water advises that the information contained in this publication comprises general statements based on scientific research. The reader is advised and needs to be aware that such information may be incomplete or unable to be used in any specific situation. No reliance or actions must therefore be made on that information without seeking prior expert professional, scientific and technical advice. To the extent permitted by law, CSIRO Land and Water (including its employees and consultants) excludes all liability to any person for any consequences, including but not limited to all losses, damages, costs, expenses and any other compensation, arising directly or indirectly from using this publication (in part or in whole) and any information or material contained in it. Cover photo by Willem van Aken. © 1993 CSIRO. Aerial photo of the Tamala Park, Perth Western Australia, site looking south westward towards the Indian Ocean. CSIRO Land and Water www.clw.csiro.au Centre for Environmental Contaminants Research www.clw.csiro.au/cecr

Final CSIRO Land and Water Report May 2006

G.B. Davis, N. Innes, R.J. Woodbury and A. Märki iii

Towards a Groundwater Management Operating Strategy for the Tamala Park Landfill: Progress Report

A Report to the Mindarie Regional Council

Executive Summary Background In 2005, the Mindarie Regional Council, the Western Australian Department of Environment and CSIRO agreed an expanded program of investigation and research, to assist in the development of a groundwater management operating strategy for the Tamala Park landfill. The program of investigation included:

(i) Ongoing monitoring of the groundwater quality from existing and new borehole locations over the depth of the aquifer at the site;

(ii) Additional drilling of two new borehole locations (with three depth intervals per locations) – these were drilled laterally across the plume flow direction to better define the plume width;

(iii) Collation of historic data and modelling of plume movement and dimensions;

(iv) A tracer test to characterise the rate of plume movement; (v) Investigations along the shoreline to determine background groundwater

quality on discharge to the near-shore marine environment. Here we report on some of these investigations, but in particular the additional monitoring carried out in 2005, the drilling of two additional borehole locations, and some of the collation of historic data in preparation for modelling. In addition, we outline the timetable of activities to complete the original program of work. Activities and Methods Seven borehole locations (with three piezometer screens each) are regularly sampled in this study as part of a groundwater monitoring network for the landfill, although only six were available in 2005. One borehole location, TPL2C, is up gradient of the landfill and is used to monitor background groundwater quality, and the remainder are located down gradient of the landfill site. Three piezometers are installed at each of the currently sampled borehole locations, which provide coverage over the depth of the aquifer – with the shallowest piezometer screened across the water table, a deeper piezometer screened over the middle depth of the aquifer, and the deepest piezometer screened at the base of the aquifer. Groundwater was sampled in April and October 2005 from a total of 18 piezometers at each sampling period and analysed for inorganic chemistry and indicators of leachate impacts on groundwater. Additional analyses were carried out in October 2005 for trace


G.B. Davis, N. Innes, R.J. Woodbury and A. Märki iv

metals, pesticides, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and petroleum hydrocarbons on groundwater samples from the shallowest piezometer screen at each borehole location and from two piezometer locations screened in the middle of the aquifer. These locations were chosen because historically they were the screens most impacted by leachate from the landfill. Duplicates were analysed for quality control. In December 2005 and early January 2006, new monitoring wells were drilled at locations BB21 and BB22, which are located immediately west of the most recent landfill excavations. Three sampling wells or piezometers were placed at each location, with screens located across the water table, at the base of the aquifer and at a mid-aquifer depth. The three screens are to provide information over the vertical depth of the aquifer. At each location, soil samples were recovered at 10 m depth intervals to the base of the aquifer to provide stratigraphic and some chemical information. The samples were described and sent for analysis for the fraction of organic carbon, the cation exchange capacity (CEC), and particle size distribution. Historic data on water levels and groundwater quality from June 1988 to October 2005 have been collated and interpreted for some key analytes – such as ammonium. This provides a basis to progress the proposed modelling. Further characterisation of the aquifer using a tracer test is yet to commence, but is planned for June-July 2006. Locations along the coast for potential sampling of groundwater discharge have been surveyed, but spear probing and sampling is yet to take place. Summary Results Sediments recovered from the new drilled boreholes were described as fine-medium sands through the vadose zone with some coarser layers. At deeper zones, especially beneath the water table the material is described as medium to corse grained quartz sands. Clayey sand was observed at the base of the aquifer, at 70-80 m below ground surface. Sediment samples collected during drilling are still undergoing analysis, so results are not available to be reported at this time. Pesticides were undetectable in all groundwater samples. Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were undetectable in most samples. Metal concentrations were mostly below detection levels or below Marine Water Quality criteria, except for zinc in the samples from the shallow screen of location BB14A and BB15, which are immediately down gradient of the landfill. Petroleum hydrocarbons, and naphthalene (a PAH) were detected at low concentrations or close to detection levels in the same sample as was noted in 2005. The concentrations were similar or less than concentrations reported previously. The concentrations were not significant compared to the Australian and New Zealand guidelines for fresh and marine water quality (ANZECC/ARMCANZ, 2000). Note that petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations were not detected in groundwater sampled from boreholes further from the landfill. Ammonium concentrations remained below detection limits at the up gradient background location. Ammonium concentrations have been increasing at some of the down gradient borehole locations. In April 2005, significantly increased concentrations were observed at location BB14 in the shallow and mid-aquifer screens, and at the mid-


G.B. Davis, N. Innes, R.J. Woodbury and A. Märki v

aquifer screen at location BB15. However, there was a considerable reduction of ammonium concentrations at these locations in October 2005. The cause of this is unclear – there was substantial rainfall over the winter period in 2005, but it is difficult to see that directly affecting borehole screens at mid-aquifer depths. Contouring of recent and historic ammonium concentration data in the leachate plume was also undertaken. The contouring clearly illustrates the migration of the leachate plume over 300 m in 8 years. These general increases also imply a plume thickness greater than 15 m near the landfill. No significant changes in ammonium concentrations have been observed at borehole locations BB19 and BB20, near to Marmion Avenue. It is inferred from the data that leachate impacted-groundwater continues to migrate westward towards Marmion Avenue. Activities planned to be completed though to December 2006 include plume modelling, a tracer test to determine groundwater flow rates, and spear probing along the foreshore to map groundwater quality discharge.


G.B. Davis, N. Innes, R.J. Woodbury and A. Märki 1

Towards a Groundwater Management Operating Strategy for the Tamala Park Landfill: Progress Report

A Report to the Mindarie Regional Council

Scope and Overview of Work In 2005, the Mindarie Regional Council, the Western Australian Department of Environment and CSIRO agreed an expanded program of investigation and research, to assist in the development of a groundwater management operating strategy for the Tamala Park landfill. The program of investigation included:

(i) Ongoing monitoring of the groundwater quality from existing and new borehole locations over the depth of the aquifer at the site;

(ii) Additional drilling of two new borehole locations (with three depth intervals per locations) – these were drilled laterally across the plume flow direction to better define the plume width;

(iii) Collation of historic data and modelling of plume movement and dimensions;

(iv) A tracer test to characterise the rate of plume movement; (v) Investigations along the shoreline to determine background groundwater

quality on discharge to the near-shore marine environment. Here we report on some of these investigations, but in particular the additional monitoring carried out in 2005, the drilling of two additional borehole locations, and some of the collation of historic data in preparation for modelling. In addition, we outline the timetable of activities to complete the original program of work. Over the period December 2005 to January 2006, six new piezometers were installed at borehole locations BB21 and BB22 within the landfill facility (Figure 1). These new locations are north and south of an existing location BB18. Further details of these new installations are presented later in this report. Figure 2 shows additional features and locations for the site. Monitoring of groundwater quality trends at the Tamala Park Landfill site commenced in 1988 and has continued at least annually until 2005, and most recently groundwater samples have been recovered twice a year in March-April and September October. A number of boreholes have been lost over that time due to further development of the landfill westward, and due to landfill consolidation. As a result, many boreholes have truncated time-series of water quality analyses. This report focuses on the data collected during 2005, but shows the 2005 data in the context of the longer-term data set. Data for 2004 and earlier were reported in Davis et al. (2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, and 2005). The first data collected by CSIRO are reported in Barber et al. (1990). Contouring of the ammonium fraction of the leachate plume was also carried out using historical data to illustrate the movement of the plume over



an eight-year period. In 2005, groundwater was sampled on two occasions; 5 April 2005 and 26-27 October 2005. Full reporting of the groundwater quality data is included in this report.

Figure 1a View of Tamala Park (courtesy of Google Earth) with a range of current and new borehole locations marked, as well as spear probe reference points.

Figure 1b Map showing new borehole locations BB21 and BB22, in relation to some of the existing boreholes.



Spear probing locations have been surveyed (see spear probe loc 1 and loc 2 in Figure 1a) as the extremities of a likely transect between the two points were shallow groundwater samples will be recovered to obtain groundwater quality indicators near-shore. Final locations await further modelling to provide greater certainty on flow directions towards the ocean.

Figure 2 Map showing recent and older borehole locations and the location of previous leachate collection lysimeters at the Tamala Park landfill. Note that the piezometers at BB3, BB5, BB9, BB10, BB11, BB13, BB16 and BB17 are no longer available for sampling. Water level contours for 7 September 2000 are also shown.



New Piezometers As indicated above, additional borehole locations were drilled at BB21 and BB22 (see Figure 1a and 1b for locations) in December 2005 and January 2006. The locations were inside the site, north and south of BB18 – and west of the access road and excavations to ensure they are not lost due to site works. Three piezometers were drilled at each borehole location (denoted BB21A, B, C and BB22A, B, C) – with the ‘A’ screen across the water table, the ‘B’ screen at a mid-aquifer depth and the ‘C’ screen at the base of the aquifer. As with other borehole locations on the site, this is to provide information on groundwater quality changes over the total vertical depth of the aquifer. The deepest borehole (C) was drilled to the base of the aquifer – where clay was encountered. The shallowest borehole (A) was completed to about a 40 m depth with the screen across the water table. Orbit drilling was contracted to carry out the drilling. The drilling was originally planned to take two to three days, however, it eventually took 5 days to complete the 6 boreholes. Drilling was carried out on 20 and 21 December 2005 and 10, 11 and 12 January 2006. The December drilling was undertaken using air lifting and no water was introduced into the formation. Details of the boreholes and some of the drilling methods are presented below in Table 1. The drilling rigs Hydco 40 and Edson MRA 26 were used. Hydco 40 is shown in Figure 3. Both rigs were mounted on a 6x6 wheel drive chassis. The Hydco 40 was mounted on a 1990 Nissan and had a fully welded lattice mast with 4 m of head travel 2 m of mast dump and 130 m of rods. The Edson MRA 260 was on a Toyota Land Cruiser. The drilling was carried out using a 3 inch diameter tungsten carbide cutting tip with 3 inch diameter and 3 metre long rods. Table 1 Specifications of the drilling of the two new locations BB21 and BB22.

* includes 0.5 m to 1 m of casing above ground.

Location Total depth [m]

Cased depth*

[m]

Observed depth to

water [m]

Casing screen [m]

Amount of water [L] Additives Used

BB21 A 68 38.9 6 - 50 L Liqui-Pol

BB21 B 56 53.4 3 45,000 2-2.5 L Liqui-Pol 12 kg Aus-Gel Xtra 2 L Sodium Hypochlorite

BB21 C 69 66

34.9

3 18,000 2 L Liqui-Pol 12 kg Aus-Gel Xtra 2 L Sodium Hypochlorite

BB22 A 83 47.4 3 - - BB22 B 67 67 3 7,000 -

BB22 C 90 87 46.13

3 9,000 2 L Liqui-Pol 12 kg Aus-Gel Xtra 2 L Sodium Hypochlorite



Figure 3 Hydco 40 drilling rig at location BB21. BB21A On the 20 December, location BB21 was drilled to 68 m below ground. However, the borehole collapsed back to a depth of 40 m. It was cleared and approximately 50 L of Liqui-Pol (see a later section for a description) were introduced into the hole in order to prevent collapse. This was unsuccessful. A piezometer was installed in this hole to 38 m below ground (total casing length of 38.9 m), and was designated BB21A – i.e. where the screen in this piezometer was position across the depth of the water table at this location. At the time of completion, the measured water level was 35 m below top of casing. 50 mm class 18 threaded PVC casing was used (as shown in Figure 4), and in the case of BB21A, a 6 metre screened section was used.

Figure 4 PVC screens. BB22A On 21 December 2005, location BB22 was drilled to collect soil samples and determine the depth to the confining clay layer. The total depth of the hole was 83 m. As at



location BB21, the borehole collapsed – in this case to an approximate depth of 48 m. Piezometer BB22A was installed to a total depth of 46.4 m (total casing length of 47.4 m). This included a 3 m screened section. After encountering the problems of formation collapse, subsequent drilling was done using additives, e.g., mud – additive use is described in Table 1, and a photo is shown in Figure 5. Descriptions of the additives are in a separate section below.

Figure 5 Drilling using mud. BB21B and BB21C BB21B and BB21C were drilled on the 10-11 January 2006. These were drilled using mud rotary. BB21B was drilled to a depth of approximately 56 metres, and casing was installed with a 3 m screen to a depth of 53.4 m. BB21C had a drilled depth of 69 m with a 3 m screen to a depth of 65 m (total casing length of 66 m). In both BB21B and BB21C, ~2 L of Sodium Hypochlorite was used down the well at the completion of the installation. BB22B and BB22C BB22C was drilled to a depth of 90 m, without collapse. The casing was installed to a depth of 86 m inclusive of a 3 m screen. Sodium Hypochlorite was used as per BB21B and C. BB22B was drilled to a depth of 67 m, and casing was installed with a 3 m screen to a depth of 66 m. Descriptions of Introduced Drilling Materials The materials introduced into the formation during drilling were water, Liquid-Pole, Aqua-Gel Xtra and Hypo/Chlor algaecide. Aus-Gel Xtra is a modified, premium grade Sodium Montmorillonite imported from Wyoming USA, which has been finely ground and processed to ensure ease of mixing and superior mud making qualities in fresh water. It is recommended as a high yield viscosifier for building a mud system with excellent flow properties and low filtrate loss in fresh water. Aus-Gel Xtra increases



hole cleaning capabilities and promotes hole stability in unconsolidated and caving formations. Liqui−Pol liquid viscosifier is a high molecular weight anionic polymer that provides rapid viscosity and ease of mixing. It is used to prepare a solids free drilling fluid with exceptional hole stabilizing properties. Liqui−Pol will improve the properties of low solids Aus−Gel fluids and air/foam injection fluids. Sodium Hypochlorite is a clear green-yellow liquid, having a strong odour of chlorine. It has strong corrosive and moderate oxidising properties and is basically used for disinfection of water, being here used as an algaecide. Aquifer materials were collected at each change of strata or facies (based on texture, colour or other changes) and every 10 m depth interval in both locations BB21 and BB22. Pictures of the aquifer material samples and a short description of each sample are shown later in the report.



Boreholes and Piezometers for Groundwater Sampling The current borehole/piezometer locations available for groundwater sampling in 2005 are shown in Figure 2. The sampling locations used for the 2005 round of sampling were TPL2, BB14, BB15, BB18, BB19 and BB20. TPL2 (three piezometers), is located upgradient of the landfill facility and is our primary borehole location for sampling and analysis of groundwater for background water quality. BB16 was inaccessible, and was subsequently lost due to landfill development. In addition in late 2005, BB15 was removed due to further landfill development. At each of the current borehole locations, there are three short-screened piezometers installed at different depths across the saturated zone of the aquifer thickness (~30 m). The typical length of the screened intervals of the piezometers is 2 to 4 m. For all piezometers, apart from TPL2, piezometer A (e.g., piezometer BB18A) is shallowest being screened across the water table. Piezometer B (e.g., piezometer BB18B) is screened in the mid-depth region of the aquifer, and piezometer C (e.g., piezometer BB18C) is located at the base of the aquifer. TPL2 has the screens labelled in reverse order to those above, with C denoting the shallowest screen, B the mid-aquifer depth and A the deepest screened interval. All piezometer specifications, including those for the newly installed piezometers at locations BB21 and BB22 are reported in Table AI-1 of Appendix I.



Groundwater Sampling and Analysis Methods On 5 April and 26-27 October 2005 groundwater samples were recovered from piezometers TPL2C-A, BB14A-C, BB15A-C, BB18A-C, BB19A-C and BB20A-C. Groundwater Sampling Procedure Typically, the sampling procedure was as follows. Each piezometer (screened interval) was pumped at a rate of approximately 80 L min-1 with a Grundfos MP1 pump to purge stagnant casing storage water prior to sampling; this took approximately 15 to 20 min. During pumping, physical parameters (pH, electrical conductivity (EC), redox potential (Eh) and dissolved oxygen (DO)) were also measured to assess when water quality stabilised (usually 10-15 min). The sample containers, either plastic or glass depending on the analysis to be undertaken, were flushed at least twice with pumped groundwater prior to the sample being collected, the sample was then immediately chilled. For each piezometer, three separate samples were taken to analyse for

(i) major ions and an ion balance; (ii) total organic carbon (TOC); and (iii) ammonium/nitrate.

In October 2005, additional samples were collected from piezometers TPL2C, BB14A, BB15A, BB15B, BB18A and BB19A to enable analyses of additional trace metals and organic compounds – see below. A duplicate water sample was recovered from BB15A. The Chemistry Centre of Western Australia, a NATA registered laboratory, performed the analyses for organic compounds, TOC, inorganics, heavy metals and other major ions including Na, Ca, Mg and K. Analysis methods and reporting limits for this laboratory are presented below in Appendix IV. Analytes Samples collected in April and October 2005 were analysed for pH and electrical conductivity (EC), as well as for concentrations of magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), potassium (K), sodium (Na), ammonium (NH4, but reported as ammonia as N or N_NH3 in most tables), chloride (Cl), sulfate (S_SO4, reported as S), sulfide, nitrite (reported as N_NO2), nitrate (reported as N_NO3), bicarbonate (HCO3) and total organic carbon (TOC). Ionic balances were also undertaken to assess the quality of the analysis, and to determine that no key analytes were ignored during analysis of the samples. Note that concentrations of ammonium and nitrate are presented as N concentrations throughout the report. The additional groundwater samples taken in October 2005 from piezometers TPL2C, BB14A, BB14B, BB15A, BB15B, BB18A and BB19A (plus the duplicate from BB15A) were analysed to determine: (i) a range of metals including trace metals such as cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr),

copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), vanadium (V), molybdenum (Mo), cobalt (Co), barium (Ba), boron (B), arsenic (As), and



aluminium (Al), (ii) total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), (iii) the TPH fractionated into the hydrocarbon ranges C6-C9, C10-C14, C15-C27 and

C28-C36, (iv) the BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes) range of volatile petroleum

compounds, (v) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and (vi) organochlorine and organophosphate pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyl

(PCBs). For the major ions, the metals were analysed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP AES); chloride was analysed by Zeeman Furnace atomic adsorption spectroscopy (SFAAS); bicarbonate by titration; and nutrients, such as ammonium and nitrate, were analysed by flow injection analysis. The trace-metals were analysed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) and ICPAES; pesticides, PCBs and TPH by solvent extraction and gas chromatography; PAHs by solvent extraction and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS); and the BTEX compounds by purge and trap GCMS. A complete list of analytes, methodology and reporting limits are presented in Appendix IV. The additional analyses were carried out to assess the presence of other leachable fractions in groundwater, as recommended by the Western Australian Department of Environmental Protection. This is the seventh year of reporting these additional analyses – similar analyses were also carried out for samples collected in September 1999, September 2000, October 2001, October 2002, September 2003 and October 2004. Data are compared against the Australian water quality guidelines for fresh and marine waters (ANZECC, 2000) where appropriate. These guidelines are typically used by the Western Australian Department of Environmental Protection where marine impact may be of concern.



Sediment Description Descriptions of sediment materials collected from each of the locations BB21 and BB22 are given in Tables 2 and 3. Fine to medium sized quartz sand is noted at shallower depths, with medium to coarse sand at deeper water-saturated zones of the aquifer. At all elevations the sand appeared to be calcified or possibly cemented apart from the action of drilling. Clay was encountered at 60-80 m below ground. Table 2 Soil samples and description for BB21 0 to 5 metres: Fine to medium grain size quartz sands with an angular

shape. Light brown in colour. Limestone slurry in sample due to drilling. Sample light tan and pale yellow in colour.

5 to 10 metres: Fine to medium size grain with limestone chips. Chips very hard. Quartz sands with an angular/sub-angular shape, little fines. Light tan in colour. Air lifting chips and sands to surface. Very dry material emitted from cyclone.

10 to 20 metres: Fine to medium size grains with an angular / sub-angular shape. Quarts sand grain in limestone matrix are very tightly packed. No visible pore spaces. Very light tan to cream in colour. Mostly dust emitted from cyclone, very little chips.

20 to 30 metres: Begin using water at approx 29 m. Fine to medium size quartz sands with a sub-angular to sub rounded shape. Colour slightly lighter than those at 20 m. Chips and sands being emitted from cyclone. Switched off water to clear chips. Some very fine material observed, may be produced from cutting tip.

30 to 40 metres: Wet Sample of fine to medium sized quartz grain in limestone matrix. Sub angular to sub rounded in shape. Light brown and tan in colour. Greater percentage of chips in cyclone, approx 50%.

40 to 50 metres: Wet sample of medium sized quartz sands which are clean and well sorted. 0.4 to 1 mm in size with a round and sub rounded shape. Little chips from cyclone, mostly sands. Sands are a pale yellow to light brown in colour.

50 to 60 metres: Course and medium quartz sands with some fines, sample is poorly sorted. Angular to sub angular in shape. Chips are very hard, approx 90% sands with the balance as chips. Colour change to medium orange. High free sand content.

60 to 70 metres: Course to medium quartz sands with clay fines, sample is poorly sorted with sand grains of an angular to sub angular shape. Very bottom of hole produced clayey sand with an appreciable amount of fines with a dark grey colour.



Table 3 Soil samples and description for BB22 0 to 10 metres: Fine to medium grain size quartz sands with an angular

shape. Light brown in colour. Limestone slurry in sample due to drilling. Sample light tan and pale yellow in colour.

10 to 20 metres: Fine to medium sized quartz sands. Angular to sub angular shape. Sands a medium brown in colour. Some organic matter present, roots etc.

20 to 30 metres: Fine to medium sized quartz sands, with chips in a limestone matrix. Angular to sub angular in shape. Sands appear well sorted. Light tan in colour.

30 to 40 metres: Fine to medium sized quartz sands in a limestone matrix. Well sorted with an angular to sub angular shape. Medium tan in colour. Sample is mostly chips, little free sand content.

40 to 50 metres: Medium with some course sized quarts sands. Sub angular, sub rounded and rounded shape present, sub rounded is the majority. Some present as chips in a limestone matrix, approx 10 to 15 % with the balance as free sands. Light tan in colour.

50 to 60 metres: Medium sized quartz sand with some course fractions present. Sub angular, sub rounded and rounded shape present, sub rounded is the majority. Some present as chips in a limestone matrix, approx 10 to 15 % with the balance as free sands. Light tan in colour.

60 to 70 metres: Medium sized quartz sand with some course fractions present. Sub angular, sub rounded and rounded shape present, sub rounded is the majority. Some present as chips in a limestone matrix, approx 10 to 15 % with the balance as free sands. Light tan in colour.

70 to 81 metres: Medium sized quartz clayey sand with some course fractions present. Sub angular, sub rounded and rounded shape present, sub rounded is the majority. Some present as chips in a limestone matrix, approx 10 to 15 % with the balance as free sands. Little clay content. Light olive green and tan in colour.



Groundwater Quality Typical water quality indicators of landfill leachate in groundwater would be high concentrations of ammonium and chloride, and high electrical conductivity measurements (Barber et al., 1991; Davis and Briegel, 2000). Increases in ammonium concentrations are probably one of the most reliable indicators of leachate impact on groundwater. In previous annual reports (Davis et al., 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005), increasing concentrations of ammonium were noted in groundwater samples collected from borehole locations BB14, BB15 and BB16, at the water table and mid-aquifer depth intervals (A and B piezometers), and possibly at some deeper depths. General inorganic analysis of groundwater samples recovered from the piezometers are tabulated in Appendix II – Tables AII-1a, AII-1b, AII-2 and AII-3 for the three background locations, BB3, BB5 and TPL2; Table AII-4 for BB17 screened beneath the first stage landfill, AII-5, AII-6 and AII-7 for locations BB14, BB15 and BB16 immediately downgradient of the landfill area; and Table AII-8, AII-9 and AII-10 for the three newer piezometer locations BB18, BB19 and BB20 further downgradient of the landfill areas. No new data have been added to Tables AII-1 (for BB3), AII-2 (for BB5), AII-7 (for BB16) or AII-4 (for BB17). Recent data are tabulated with previous data to show time trends. Analyses for metals and for various organic compounds are tabulated in Appendix III in Tables AIII-1 and AIII-2. Laboratory and Field Groundwater Measurements Physical parameters (pH, EC and dissolved oxygen) that were measured during sampling for currently sampled bores are tabulated in Appendix II – Table AII-11. Comparison of these results with those obtained in the laboratory showed good agreement for EC. pH measurements determined in the laboratory were slightly lower than field measurements, which may be a result of storage prior to analysis. This may be due to degassing of carbon dioxide from water samples, although sample containers were delivered full to the laboratory, or due to changes in hydrogen ion concentration from microbiological activity in the samples. Dissolved oxygen concentrations were consistently above detection levels at the background location (TPL2), with concentrations of 2-4 mg/L. Groundwater within the plume, typically had oxygen concentrations less than 1 mg/L, this is effectively a zero concentration within sampling and measurement error. Background Groundwater Quality BB3, BB5 and TPL2 are background locations. The piezometers at BB3 and BB5 were monitored from 1988/89 to 2001. These data show little variability between sampling dates (see Figure 3 and Tables AII-1a, AII-1b and AII-2). As seen in Figure 6, illustrating BB5A, rarely were ammonium concentrations above detection limits, and sulfate and potassium concentrations were reasonably stable. Background nitrate (as nitrogen) concentrations were 2-7 mg/L. When leachate impacts groundwater, often nitrate and sulfate concentrations decrease to zero. This is due to increased biologically degradable carbon reducing oxygen concentrations (see Figure 7 and tabulated data) and promoting denitrification and sulfate reduction. Sulfate concentrations do sometimes



increase again since leachate can contain above-background concentrations of sulfate.

0

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Figure 6 Concentration changes in selected water quality parameters for BB5A over a 7.5-year period. Little variability in potassium and sulfate is observed and ammonium as N is mostly below detection limits (<0.02 mg/L). Nitrate concentrations increased from 2 mg/L to 6-7 mg/L. Sampling from BB5 has now ceased.

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Figure 7 Concentration changes in selected water quality parameters for TPL2C over a 11.5-year period. Little variability in potassium, sulfate and nitrate (approx. 2-3 mg/L fluctuations) and ammonium as N is mostly below detection limits (<0.02 mg/L). TPL2 groundwater quality data is similar to that shown for BB5 (see Figure 6, Tables AII-2 and AII-3), with small fluctuations in potassium, sulfate and nitrate (approx. 2-3 mg/L fluctuations) and ammonium mostly below detection limits (<0.02 mg/L). As indicated, TPL2 is now used as the background groundwater quality sampling location,



as the bores BB5 and BB3 have ceased to be sampled. As shown in Figure 2, TPL2 is immediately up gradient of the landfill, and its three piezometers are screened across the aquifer depth interval, to give good depth coverage. Groundwater Quality Beneath the Landfill: Borehole Location BB17 Table AII-4 contains the groundwater chemistry data for BB17, over an approximate 1-year period, September 2000 to October 2001. No new data are available, as sampling has ceased at this location due to consolidation and infilling of the landfill area around the piezometers. As discussed in previous reports, ammonium concentrations in the shallowest piezometer were 24-39 mg/L, with bicarbonate up to 750 mg/L, chloride approximately 260 mg/L, and potassium concentrations up to 54 mg/L. In contrast, the deeper piezometer, BB17B, had ammonium concentrations that were largely below detection levels (<0.02 mg/L), bicarbonate was about 400 mg/L, chloride was about 200 mg/L and potassium was 5-6 mg/L. Impacts at the Western Fringe of the Landfilled Area: Borehole Locations BB14, BB15 and BB16

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g/L)

AmmoniumPotassiumSulphateAmmonium-14B

Figure 8 Changes in ammonium as N, potassium and sulfate concentrations in groundwater from BB14A, and ammonium as N concentrations in groundwater from BB14B. Borehole locations BB14, BB15 and BB16 are approximately 290 m west of BB17 (see Figure 2) and are immediately downgradient of the current landfill area. Groundwater quality data are shown in Tables AII-5, AII-6 and AII-7. Trends in ammonium concentrations and other selected analytes (potassium and sulfate) for these locations are shown in Figures 8, 10 and 11. The sampling carried out in April 2005 at location BB15B showed the highest ammonium concentration (110 mg/L as nitrogen – Table AII-6), which decreased in the recent sampling in October 2005 (54 mg/L). Samples from both BB14 and BB15 showed ammonium concentrations substantially above background during early 2005. However, by late 2005 ammonium levels at both locations decreased, ammonium levels at BB14 returned to levels seen two years previously and at BB15 to levels seen 12 months previously. This reduction in ammonium concentrations may be due to the substantial rainfall experienced in the



Perth area over the last winter (see Figure 9), although it is difficult to see how the mid-aquifer depth screen at BB15B would be affected so readily by rainfall recharge. In comparison, the ammonium concentration data for the background borehole location TPL2C (shown in Tables AII-1a, AII-1b and AII-2) were typically <0.01 mg/L as nitrogen (see also Figure 7).

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 46 49

Months from January 2002

Rai

nfal

l (m

m)

Figure 9 Monthly rainfall totals recorded at Yanchep from January 2002 to December 2005. Figures 8, 10 and 11 also show potassium concentrations for the shallow piezometers at BB14, BB15 and BB16. Potassium concentrations at both BB14A and BB15A continue to increase. In the previous report these bores showed more variable potassium concentrations. In comparison, the potassium concentrations in the deeper piezometers screened at the base of the aquifer at BB14 and BB15, had a relatively steady concentration of potassium in groundwater, as seen in BB15C (see Figure 10). This, and the low ammonium concentrations in the C piezometers, indicates that leachate has not impacted the base of the aquifer at these locations. Note that potassium is not considered hazardous, and naturally occurs in this aquifer at levels of 6 mg/L (see data for piezometer BB5B and TPL2 in Table AII-2 and AII-3, and Figure 6 and 7) – it is simply used here as an illustration that deeper zones of the aquifer are not affected by leachate. Ammonium concentrations in groundwater from piezometers at the mid-aquifer depth (B piezometers) at locations BB14 and BB15 also indicate leachate had affected groundwater down to approximately 15 m below the water table. Ammonium concentrations at the mid-aquifer depth at location BB15 had increased significantly in 2005 – up to 130 mg/L from a maximum last year of 75 mg/L. However, just as significantly, ammonium concentrations returned to 44 mg/L over a 6 month period. A range of other analyte concentrations also increased in the water sample from BB15B. Together this data implies a plume thickness of at least 15 m in this area of the site.



0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

May-96

Nov-96

May-97

Nov-97

May-98

Nov-98

May-99

Nov-99

May-00

Nov-00

May-01

Nov-01

May-02

Nov-02

May-03

Nov-03

May-04

Nov-04

May-05

Nov-05

Date of sampling (May 1996 to October 2005)

Con

cent

ratio

n (m

g/L) Ammonium-15A

Potassium-15AAmmonium-15BPotassium-15C

Figure 10 Changes in ammonium and potassium concentrations in groundwater from BB15A, BB15B and BB15C. Location BB16B had not been effected significantly up to the end of 2003 when monitoring ceased. This may be because regional groundwater flows had been slightly south of west (see Figure 2), and for location BB16 groundwater does not flow directly beneath a large area of wastes, compared to groundwater flow towards locations BB14 and BB15. The groundwater flow direction may also be uncertain depending on the confidence placed in the water level contours close to BB16.

0

6

12

18

24

30

May-96

Nov-96

May-97

Nov-97

May-98

Nov-98

May-99

Nov-99

May-00

Nov-00

May-01

Nov-01

May-02

Nov-02

May-03

Nov-03

Date (May 1996 to Septem ber 2003)

Con

cent

ratio

n (m

g/L)

Am m onium

Potass ium

Sulphate

Am m onium -16B

Figure 11 Changes in ammonium, potassium and sulfate concentrations in groundwater from BB16A and ammonium concentrations in groundwater from BB16B. Impacts Towards Marmion Avenue: Borehole Locations BB18, BB19 and BB20 Location BB18 is approximately 340 m west of locations BB14 and BB15. Locations BB19 and BB20 are approximately a further 340 m west of location BB18. Analysis for groundwater samples from the piezometers at BB18, BB19 and BB20 are tabulated



in Tables AII-8, AII-9 and AII-10 of Appendix II. At location BB18, ammonium concentrations have decreased over the period of monitoring to 5 mg/L in the most recent sampling of the shallowest piezometer. The mid-aquifer depth (BB18B) has also shown a decrease to 7.1 mg/L. The bottom (C) piezometer has only shown ammonium levels just above detection levels (0.08 mg/L) in the most recent sampling in October 2005. Trends over time are shown in Figure 12. Pizometers BB19A and BB20A only had ammonium concentrations that were below detection levels up until 2002. Detectable, but low ammonium concentrations were observed in 2003 and 2004 (up to 0.43 mg/L), however in the top (A) bores this had reduced to below reporting limits by October 2005. Nitrate concentrations in the top (A) piezometers of BB19 and BB20 (up to 0.79 mg/L) were comparable to background concentrations, as observed in TPL2C. At the base of the aquifer (C piezometers) at locations BB19 and BB20, higher chloride, sodium, sulfate, magnesium and EC continue to be observed. This may be indicative of marine water influences at this depth. The Water and Rivers Commission had previously observed distinctive marine water influences in the bottom screen of their borehole, TPL3, which is located to the south of BB20 along Marmion Avenue (Figure 2).

0

3

6

9

12

15

18

May-00

Nov-00

May-01

Nov-01

May-02

Nov-02

May-03

Nov-03

May-04

Nov-04

May-05

Nov-05

Date (June 2000 to October 2004)

Con

cent

ratio

n (m

g/L)

Ammonium

Potassium

Sulphate

Ammonium-18B

Figure 12 Changes in ammonium, potassium and sulfate concentrations in groundwater from BB18A and ammonium concentrations in groundwater from BB18B. Ammonia Plume Migration Figure 13 shows longitudinal depth-section contours for ammonium concentrations at selected dates over an eight year period - in August 1996, September 2000, and October 2004. In August 1996 ammonium concentrations are above detection levels in the top two screens (A and B) of borehole BB15 at the edge of the landfill (from < 0.01 mg/l to



0.7 mg/l). At locations BB18 and BB20, over 300 m down gradient of BB15, and 650 m down gradient, the ammonium concentrations were less than detection levels at all elevations in the aquifer.

Depth below

AH

D [m

]

0100200300400500600700Distance from BB15 [m]

0

10

20

30

Landfill

< 0.2 mg/l

0.2 - 1 mg/l

1 - 10 mg/l

10 - 25 mg/l

25 - 50 mg/l

50 - 75 mg/l

> 75 mg/l

1 - 5 mg/l

< 0.01 mg/l0.7 mg/l

0.7 mg/l

0.04 mg/l

< 0.01 mg/l

< 0.01 mg/l

< 0.01 mg/l

< 0.01 mg/l

< 0.01 mg/l

August 1996

BB 20 BB 18 BB 15

September 2000

0.01 mg/l

0.14 mg/l

0.27 mg/l

1.2 mg/l

0.2 mg/l

0.01 mg/l

25 mg/l

14 mg/l

0.01 mg/l

Depth

belowA

HD

[m]

0100200300400500600700Distance from BB15 [m]

0

10

20

30

Landfill

< 0.2 mg/l

0.2 - 1 mg/l

1 - 10 mg/l

10 - 25 mg/l

25 - 50 mg/l

50 - 75 mg/l

> 75 mg/l

1 - 5 mg/l

BB 20 BB 18 BB 15

0.13 mg/l

0.05 mg/l

0.35 mg/l

12 mg/l

11 mg/l

0.02 mg/l

52 mg/l

75 mg/l

1.5 mg/l

Depth below

AH

D [m

]

0100200300400500600700Distance from BB15 [m]October 2004

0

10

20

30

Landfill

BB 20 BB 18 BB 15

< 0.2 mg/l

0.2 - 1 mg/l

5 - 10 mg/l

10 - 25 mg/l

25 - 50 mg/l

50 - 75 mg/l

> 75 mg/l

1 - 5 mg/l

Figure 13 Ammonia plume migration in the groundwater over 8 years. Within four years, in September 2000, ammonium concentrations increased at BB15A & BB15B to 25 mg/L and 14 mg/L respectively, and concentrations at BB18 showed increasing concentrations at the two shallow depths. The diffuse front of the plume appeared to have extended some 300 m down gradient over that period. At the bottom of the aquifer, ammonium concentrations remained low, although at location BB20 on Marmion Avenue concentrations were above detection levels, although at low concentrations.



After a further four years, in October 2004 ammonia concentrations again increased significantly at BB15, but this time at all depths in the aquifer, even at the deepest screen located 30 m below the water table. Greatest increases were in BB15B (75 mg/l) at a depth of 15 m below the water table. Ammonium concentrations at the shallow two screens of BB18 increased by an order of magnitude or more over this four year period. In borehole BB20 the ammonium concentrations increased very little. Trace Metals Metal analyses for October 2005 are given in Table AIII-2 of Appendix III, and compared with Australian Marine Water Quality guidelines (ANZECC, 2000). Data for 1999-2004 are contained in Davis et al. (2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005). A number of the groundwater samples had elevated zinc concentrations above Marine Water Quality guideline levels for slightly-moderately disturbed systems (ANZECC, 2000 – 95% level of protection). These were noted at locations BB14A and BB15A & B as well as the background location TPL2C. Location BB15B also exhibited an elevated cobalt concentration. Of interest, locations BB14 and BB15 have, since 2004, been exhibiting some signs of arsenic at concentrations above Freshwater Water Quality guideline levels for slightly-moderately disturbed systems. As we have only been monitoring arsenic since 2004 we are unable to make any long term comments as to the impact of arsenic. This will be further monitored. We note that the analytical detection levels for cobalt and copper are not adequate to meet the ANZECC (2000) 95% protection levels, and the detection level is inadequate for a number of analytes at the 99% protection level. As a result, the analytical procedures for metal analyses will again be reviewed, and alternates will be used in the future, where possible. Organic Analyses All results of analysis for organic compounds are shown in Tables AIII-1 of Appendix III. Note that the concentrations of these compounds are expressed as µg/L, except for PCBs, which has units of mg/L. Pesticides were all below detection levels. None of the groundwater samples exceeded detection level concentrations for the other organic compounds, except for some of the BTEX compounds and naphthalene. BTEX and naphthalene were at low concentrations and only found in BB14A. No concentrations were above the 2000 Marine Water Quality trigger values at the 99% protection level.



Planned Work Program Below is an approximate timeline to complete the range of activities under the current scope of work:

(i) April-May 2006: Purge and develop the new boreholes. Sample all existing and new boreholes for the standard inorganic chemicals and BTEX analyses.

(ii) August-September 2006*: Conduct tracer tests.

(iii) June-December 2006#: Model groundwater flow and plume movement.

(iv) July-August 2006^: Carry out the spear probing survey.

(v) September 2006: Sample all available boreholes for the standard analytes and the additional range of analytes (metals, organic compounds, pesticides).

(vi) February 2007: Report modelling, tracer tests and spear probing survey outcomes, along with 2006 groundwater quality monitoring data – with recommendations for future assessment and monitoring activities.

*This timeframe depends on the confirmed availability of University of Florida scientists who will assist with an innovative tracer approach. # The completion date is reliant on the tracer test outcomes. ^ It is possible to bring this forward, but it is recommended that this be planned using initial modelling outcomes.



Conclusions Leachate Plume (Ammonium) Over the last few years up to April 2005, ammonium concentrations have been steadily increasing in groundwater sampled from piezometers located close to the landfill, at shallow and mid-aquifer depth locations. Whilst ammonium concentrations appeared to stabilise or decrease in late 2003, concentrations continued to increase over 2004 and early 2005, and the concentrations increased significantly in the mid-depth region of the aquifer at location BB15 close to the landfill. The latter observation indicates that the plume is at least 15 m thick at this point, but may also be starting to impact the deeper zone of the aquifer. The trends in ammonium concentrations also indicate that the leachate plume continues to migrate westwards towards Marmion Avenue, although no consistent signal is observed at boreholes located along Marmion Avenue. Contouring of plume data has shown that the ammonium groundwater plume has migrated over 300 m over the last 8-10 years. Trace Metals Groundwater recovered from the top screen of a number of the currently sampled piezometers and one deeper screen at the site was analysed for trace metals. Over the period of monitoring, despite some elevated zinc levels there has been no coherent evidence of any significant impact of metals on groundwater quality, consistent with the Marine Water trigger values from the Australian Water Quality Guidelines for Fresh and Marine Waters (ANZECC/ARMCANZ, 2000). Petroleum Hydrocarbons and PAHs Groundwater samples recovered from the top screen of most of the currently sampled piezometers and two deeper screens at the site were analysed for petroleum hydrocarbons and PAHs. The concentrations of PAHs have been rarely above detection levels over the period of sampling. The BTEX range of compounds was found in some piezometers at low concentrations, however these concentrations were below 99% protection level trigger values for marine water (ANZECC/ARMCANZ, 2000). Pesticides and Herbicides Groundwater recovered from the top screen of most of the currently sampled piezometers and two deeper screens at the site was analysed for pesticides. Concentrations of the pesticides have been rarely above detection levels over the period of sampling and were not detected in this round of sampling. It is proposed that other classes of these compound types, such as phenoxy acid herbicides and their metabolites, and tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichloroethene (TCE) be analysed in October 2006 to provide additional screening to ensure no other compounds pose a risk to groundwater long-term.



Acknowledgements Blair Robertson assisted with the sampling. Dr Jenny McGuire of the Chemistry Centre WA kindly providing information on the reporting limits and analysis methods. Dr Brad Patterson provided a review of the report.



References ANZECC/ARMCANZ, 2000. Australian and New Zealand guidelines for fresh and

marine water quality. Paper No 4 of the National Water Quality Management Strategy. Barber, C., Davis, G.B. and Buselli, G. 1990. Development of procedures for more

efficient monitoring and assessment of groundwater contamination from point sources of pollution: Final Report (Vol. I and II). CSIRO Division of Water Resources final report to AWRAC, EPA of WA, Water Authority of WA, Mindarie Regional Council and the Atlas Group Pty Ltd. Report No. 91/2.

Barber, C., Davis, G.B., Buselli, G. and Height, M.I. 1991. Monitoring and predicting the development of leachate plumes in groundwater: a case study on alternative strategies. CSIRO Division of Water Resources. Water Resources Series No. 5.

Davis, G.B. and Briegel, D. 2000. Leachate production and impacts at a Perth Landfill: time frames for action. In: Towards Better Management of Wastes and Contaminated Sites in the Australasia-Pacific Region, Adelaide South Australia, May 2000, 33-35.

Davis, G.B., Rayner, J.L. and Fisher, S.J., 2001. Groundwater monitoring at the Tamala Park Landfill: Including recommendations on future monitoring needs: March 2000 to February 2001: A report to the Mindarie Regional Council. CSIRO Land and Water Report.

Davis, G.B., Fisher, S.J. and N. Innes, 2002. Groundwater monitoring at the Tamala Park Landfill: March 2001 to February 2002: A report to the Mindarie Regional Council. CSIRO Land and Water Report.

Davis, G.B., Marinovich, M. and Innes, N. 2003. Groundwater monitoring at the Tamala Park Landfill: March 2002 to February 2003: A report to the Mindarie Regional Council. CSIRO Land and Water Report.

Davis, G.B., Bastow, T.P. and Innes, N. 2004. Long-term trends in groundwater quality at the Tamala Park Landfill: March 2003 to February 2004: A report to the Mindarie Regional Council. CSIRO Land and Water Report.

Davis, G.B., Innes, N and Woodbury, R. 2005. Long-term trends in groundwater quality at the Tamala Park Landfill: March 2004 to February 2005: A report to the Mindarie Regional Council. CSIRO Land and Water Report.



Appendix I

Specifications for Piezometers


G.B. Davis, N. Innes, R.J. Woodbury and A. Märki

26

Table AI-1. Specifications for pre-existing and the new piezometers at each of the borehole locations Piezometer No

Easting Northing AHD to top of pipe (m)

Piezometer diameter (mm)

Height of pipe above ground (m)

Total length of pipe (m)

Depth of screened interval from top of pipe (m)

RWL AHD (m)*

BB3A 379948.918 6491371.423 17.72 40 0.0 24.0 20.0 to 22.0 1.177 BB3B 40 0.0 34.0 30.0 to 32.0 BB3C 40 0.0 40.0 36.0 to 38.0 BB3D 50 0.0 46.0 42.0 to 44.0 BB5A 379801.996 6491708.506 14.602 40 -0.02 18.0 15.02 to 18.02 1.153 BB5B 14.627 40 0.0 24.0 17.997 to 20.997 BB14A 379415.158 6491334.329 32.934 50 0.5 34.5 30.5 to 33.5 1.129 BB14B 50 0.5 50.7 46.7 to 49.7 BB14C 50 0.5 65.6 62.1 to 65.1 BB15A 379407.486 6491451.714 28.695 50 0.5 30.1 26.1 to 29.1 1.15 BB15B 50 0.5 46.7 42.7 to 45.7 BB15C 50 0.5 60.6 57.1 to 60.1 BB16A 379401.506 6491590.546 30.963 50 0.5 33.6 29.6 to 32.6 1.138 BB16B 50 0.5 47.7 43.7 to 46.7 BB16C 50 0.5 60.7 57.2 to 60.2 BB17A 379693.6 6491508.6 24.038 50 27.5 23.0 to 27.0 1.178 BB17B 50 44.0 39.5 to 43.5 BB18A 379077.5 6491390.6 33.493 50 35.3 30.8 to 34.8 1.065 BB18B 50 48.0 43.5 to 47.5 BB18C 50 60. 55.5 to 59.5 BB19A 378769.6 6491235.0 36.829 50 37.8 33.3 to 37.3 1.01 BB19B 50 52.2 47.7 to 51.7 BB19C 50 63.5 59.0 to 63.0 BB20A 378714.3 6491379.6 36.396 50 39.8 35.3 to 39.3 1.028 BB20B 50 51.7 47.2 to 51.2 BB20C 50 60.9 56.4 to 60.4 BB21A 50 38.86 32.86-38.86 BB21B 50 53.4 50.4-53.4 BB21C 50 66 63-66 BB22A 50 47.7 44.7-47.7 BB22B 50 67 64-67 BB22C 50 86 83-86



27

TPL2C 380047 6491721 20.742 50 0.0 24.03 21.03 to 24.03 1.111a TPL2B 20.605 50 0.0 37.39 34.39 to 37.39 TPL2A 20.742 50 0.0 62.59 54.59 to 57.59 * Data from 7 September 2000 a Data estimated for the 7 September 2000



28

Appendix II

Tabulation of Inorganic Analyses for Borehole Locations/Piezometers

- BB3A-D (Background) - BB5A-B (Background) - TPL2C-A (Background) - BB17A-B (In the Stage 1 landfill) - BB14A-C (West of the Landfill) - BB15A-C (West of the Landfill) - BB16A-C (West of the Landfill) - BB18A-C (West of BB14-16) - BB19A-C (Near to Marmion Avenue) - BB20A-C (Near to Marmion Avenue)



29

Table AII-1a. Results of the analysis for inorganic compounds in groundwater from piezometers BB3A and BB3B since 1993 Date 12/10/93 11/1/94 28/7/94 11/1/95 16/6/95 6/8/96 15/12/96 6/5/97 6/1/98 28/4/98 27/8/98 11/12/98 12/5/99 9/9/99 29/2/00 7/9/00 3/5/01 9/10/01 18/4/02

Piezometer BB3A

Ca mg/L 109 102 98.9 109 91.7 97.8 88* 110 98 109 110 120 107 115 114 110 123 93 117

Cl mg/L 162 159 162 163 153 153 148 160 150 153 150 150 192*** 140 150 150 140 150 150

HCO3 mg/L 385 374 365 358 329 344 578* 340 260 230 350 350 332 360 329 323 372 329 354

K mg/L 4.10 4.52 4.54 4.41 4.32 4.06 4 4 6 3.9 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 3 4

Mg mg/L 14.0 13.5 13.9 13.7 13.9 12.7 14 13 13 13.9 12 14 12 13 13 13 13 10 13

N_NH3 mg/L 0.140 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 0.03 <0.02 0.005 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 0.03 <0.02 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

N_NO3 mg/L 1.65 1.84 1.36 1.51 0.790 0.726 0.765 1.1 1.1 1.33 0.75 1.1 0.82 0.52 1.3 0.33 1.7 0.6 0.58

Na mg/L 97.5 96.6 97.1 96.1 92.1 92.4 95 92 95 82.9 88 93 93 86 90 88 86 72 90

S_SO4 mg/L 4.84 4.79 4.97 5.01 4.58 3.80 4.13 4.33 4.33 4.33 4 4.33 4 4 4.3 4 4.3 4.7 4

P_PO4 mg/L 0.003 0.032 0.031 0.023 0.005 0.023 0.012 0.02 0.01 0.014 0.02 0.02 0.01

EC mS/cm 1.14 1.10 1.06 1.08 1.05 1.06 0.875 0.913 1.05 1.06 1.01 1.02 0.945 1.01 1.02 0.944 0.981 0.972 0.99

pH 8.34 8.11 8.29 8.39 8.20 8.27 8.68 7.86 7.1 7.6 7.6 7.5 7.1 7.6 6.9 7.2 7 7.2 6.9

DOC mg/L 1.14 1.07 2.26 2.08 <0.100 0.57 17** 63** 69** 28** 6** 23** <2.0** <3** 2** 8** 7** 4** 3**

Piezometer BB3B

Ca mg/L 65.1 91.9 91.4 107 111 103 75* 110 87 104 110 110 28*** 113 108 107 111 108 106

Cl mg/L 163 167 164 170 162 159 158 170 150 157 150 150 14*** 150 150 150 150 150 150

HCO3 mg/L 204 298 339 338 338 340 219* 340 250 230 340 350 84*** 342 329 329 336 336 329

K mg/L 4.13 4.59 4.78 4.59 4.65 4.28 4 4 4 3.95 4 5 8*** 4 4 4 4 4 4

Mg mg/L 12.8 12.4 13.0 12.8 13.3 12.8 13 13 13 12.8 12 13 2*** 12 12 13 13 13 12

N_NH3 mg/L 0.034 0.012 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.02 <0.02 0.005 0.07 <0.02 0.96*** 0.02 <0.02 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

N_NO3 mg/L 0.133 0.123 0.101 0.128 0.092 0.112 <0.005 0.18 0.09 0.053 0.11 0.09 0.03*** 0.11 0.1 0.04 0.09 0.1 0.06

Na mg/L 94.7 94.7 95.7 96.9 93.9 90.8 98 96 95 84 88 99 7*** 91 92 91 93 90 93

S_SO4 mg/L 3.95 3.79 4.02 3.96 4.09 3.40 3.67 4 4 4.01 3.7 4 1*** 4 4 4 3.7 4 4

P_PO4 mg/L 0.003 0.027 0.028 0.030 0.016 0.034 0.015 <0.01 <0.01 0.024 0.05 0.03 0.49***

EC mS/cm 1.07 1.06 1.04 1.06 1.06 1.06 0.89 0.91 1.04 1.03 0.98 0.995 0.171*** 0.985 1.01 0.947 0.946 0.964 0.969

pH 8.19 8.19 8.20 8.28 8.26 8.24 8.34 8.1 7.1 7.5 7.7 7.7 6.5 7.2 7 7.2 7.2 7.2 7

DOC mg/L 1.04 1.82 3.05 1.24 0.175 0.20 14** 56** 56** 25** 8** 22** 73*** <3** 3** 6** 8** 3** 2** *denotes uncertain analyses due to unacidified samples ** denotes total organic carbon (TOC) analyses Note: Ca = Calcium, Cl = Chloride, HCO3 = Bicarbonate, K = Potassium, Mg = Magnesium, N_NH3 = Ammonia as Nitrogen, N_NO3 = Nitrate + Nitrite as Nitrogen, Na = Sodium, S_SO4 = Sulfate as Sulfur, P_PO4 =Phosphate as P, EC = Electrical conductivity at 25oC, DOC = Dissolved organic carbon



30

Table AII-1b. Results of the analysis for inorganic compounds in groundwater from piezometers BB3C and BB3D since 1993 Date 12/10/93 11/1/94 28/7/94 11/1/95 16/6/95 6/8/96 15/12/96 5/6/97 6/1/98 19/3/98 28/4/98 11/12/98 12/5/99 9/9/99 29/2/00 7/9/00 3/5/01 9/10/01 18/4/02

Piezometer BB3C

Ca mg/L 105 93.9 94.9 104 98.3 104 100* 110 93 110 103 110 106 110 109 107 110 108 107

Cl mg/L 163 169 171 170 161 159 158 170 160 150 157 150 155 150 150 150 150 150 150

HCO3 mg/L 340 337 343 334 332 337 211* 340 250 340 260 340 317 336 311 336 336 329 323

K mg/L 4.30 4.73 4.88 4.59 4.43 4.25 4 4 5 4 3.97 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 4

Mg mg/L 12.5 12.5 13.9 12.7 13.1 12.4 13 13 12 12 12.7 13 12 12 12 12 12 12 12

N_NH3 mg/L 0.026 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 0.008 <0.02 <0.02 0.02 <0.02 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

N_NO3 mg/L 0.129 0.115 0.118 0.113 0.094 0.122 <0.005 0.12 0.1 0.09 0.018 0.1 0.1 0.06 0.18 0.03 0.12 0.1 0.14

Na mg/L 95.3 95.3 98.2 95.7 92.5 89.7 97 94 95 90 82.9 96 92 90 93 91 95 92 95

S_SO4 mg/L 3.76 3.82 3.86 4.18 3.98 3.38 3.6 4 4 3.7 4.01 4.33 4 4 4 4 3.7 4 4

P_PO4 mg/L 0.002 0.030 0.026 0.029 0.019 0.032 0.016 <0.01 <0.01 0.02 0.012 0.03 0.01

EC mS/cm 1.06 1.06 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.07 0.871 0.909 1.03 1.01 1.03 0.989 0.936 0.983 1 0.967 0.949 0.964 0.977

pH 8.05 8.30 8.14 8.50 8.51 8.23 8.36 8.04 7 7.7 7.4 7.5 7.2 7.2 7 7.2 7.2 7.2 7

DOC mg/L 1.01 1.96 2.75 1.07 <0.100 0.25 16** 44** 54** 6** 25** 18** <2.0** <3** 2** 1** 8** 4** 2**

Piezometer BB3D

Ca mg/L 76.0 103 94.9 109 103 107 120* 110 100 110 104 110 103 109 108 110 111 110 110

Cl mg/L 165 172 167 169 162 162 161 170 150 160 158 160 155 150 150 150 160 160 150

HCO3 mg/L 238 340 340 331 349 355 211* 160 290 350 300 340 320 336 323 320 323 336 336

K mg/L 4.23 4.69 4.67 4.45 4.43 4.38 4 4 4 4 3.82 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

Mg mg/L 12.5 12.6 13.4 12.7 12.9 12.4 13 13 12 12 12.5 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12

N_NH3 mg/L 0.025 0.016 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 0.02 <0.02 0.02 0.034 <0.02 <0.02 0.02 0.47 <0.01 <0.01 0.09 <0.01

N_NO3 mg/L 0.124 0.095 0.096 0.109 <0.005 0.022 <0.005 0.12 10 <0.02 0.018 0.16 0.06 0.09 <0.02 0.04 0.13 <0.01 0.01

Na mg/L 96.6 95.6 97.8 94.8 91.6 94.3 100 95 93 94 82.3 95 91 90 93 93 96 93 97

S_SO4 mg/L 3.72 3.50 3.53 3.81 1.29 0.296 0.41 3.66 4 2.3 4.01 3.33 3.33 3.67 2 4 3.7 1.3 0.67

P_PO4 mg/L 0.002 0.032 0.026 0.033 0.067 0.064 0.065 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.008l <0.01 <0.01

EC mS/cm 1.07 1.07 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.08 0.865 0.914 1.03 1.03 1.03 1.02 0.935 0.987 1.01 0.968 0.956 0.969 0.979

pH 8.06 8.25 8.18 8.48 8.26 8.17 8.54 7.51 7.1 7.1 7.7 7.2 7 7.2 6.7 7.2 7.1 6.9 6.5

DOC mg/L 1.42 2.58 2.63 1.76 16.8 9.55 34** 54** 53** 22** 26** 18** 4** <3** 14** 2** 6** 8** 15** *denotes uncertain analyses due to unacidified samples ** denotes total organic carbon (TOC) analyses Note: Ca = Calcium, Cl = Chloride, HCO3 = Bicarbonate, K = Potassium, Mg = Magnesium, N_NH3 = Ammonia as Nitrogen, N_NO3 = Nitrate + Nitrite as Nitrogen, Na = Sodium, S_SO4 = Sulfate as Sulfur, P_PO4 =Phosphate as P, EC = Electrical conductivity at 25oC, DOC = Dissolved organic carbon



31

Table AII-2. Results of the analysis for inorganic compounds in groundwater from piezometers BB5A and BB5B since 1993 Date 12/10/93 11/1/94 20/4/94 28/7/94 11/1/95 16/6/95 14/9/95 18/1/96 6/8/96 15/12/96 5/6/97 6/1/98 28/4/98 27/8/98 11/12/98 12/5/99 9/9/99 29/2/00 7/9/00 3/5/01

Piezometer BB5A

Ca mg/L 107 147 79.9 149 116 109 133 281 116 120* 120 89 113 120 120 124 135 123 150 170

Cl mg/L 135 139 146 143 147 140 139 139 139 135 160 140 146 140 130 140 140 150 130 120

HCO3 mg/L 294 453 260 435 346 371 401 929 365 212* 350 240 360 380 350 351 378 372 473 482

K mg/L 3.84 4.30 4.07 4.52 4.32 4.43 4.17 4.59 4.19 4 5 5 4.53 4 5 5 4 4 4 4

Mg mg/L 12.8 12.6 13.4 12.7 12.2 12.7 12.2 12.0 13.0 13 13 13 13.3 13 13 14 13 13 14 14

N_NH3 mg/L 0.044 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 0.011 <0.005 0.008 0.03 <0.02 0.021 <0.02 0.07 0.02 0.03 0.25 0.09 0.02

N_NO3 mg/L 2.42 3.11 2.52 2.94 3.20 3.22 4.56 4.50 4.48 5.04 4.6 3 4.4 4.6 6 4.2 3.5 5.3 4 7.1

Na mg/L 83.1 85.5 86.8 86.4 88.9 84.9 82.6 81.0 82.0 87 89 90 81.1 89 88 91 85 82 81 80

S_SO4 mg/L 6.10 5.90 5.59 6.62 6.33 6.46 6.4 7.32 5.73 6.2 6.7 6.7 6.68 6.7 6.67 6.67 6.67 6.33 6.33 6.7

P_PO4 mg/L 0.002 0.045 0.008 0.008 0.023 0.012 0.017 <0.005 0.019 0.009 <0.01 <0.01 0.086 0.02 0.04 <0.01

EC mS/cm 1.25 1.19 0.930 1.12 1.08 1.09 1.06 1.13 1.02 0.857 0.921 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.02 0.976 1.06 1.19 1.1 1.13

pH 7.99 8.09 7.96 8.10 8.27 8.63 7.93 7.95 8.13 8.48 8.21 7.1 7.9 7.4 7.5 7 7 6.7 7 6.8

DOC mg/L 1.22 2.86 5.28 3.97 1.26 0.526 3.66 1.91 0.50 19** 49** 63** 26** 6** 16** 8** <3** <2** 4** 2**

Piezometer BB5B

Ca mg/L 101 96.8 81.7 89.7 102 91.9 100 100 103 70* 110 82 105 110 110 105 115 113 115 140

Cl mg/L 145 150 148 152 155 147 152 148 153 154 170 160 160 160 160 160 150 160 150 150

HCO3 mg/L 337 323 260 320 313 275 319 320 317 227* 280 200 220 320 330 320 323 317 366 384

K mg/L 4.21 4.79 4.30 4.93 4.73 4.77 4.66 4.52 5.17 5 5 6 4.67 5 6 5 5 5 5 5

Mg mg/L 12.4 12.2 12.7 12.8 12.5 12.9 12.3 11.7 13.3 14 14 13 13.4 13 14 14 14 14 14 14

N_NH3 mg/L 0.088 0.014 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 0.063 0.29 <0.02 0.015 <0.02 0.03 <0.02 0.02 <0.02 0.02 <0.01

N_NO3 mg/L 1.77 2.02 1.05 2.31 2.62 2.69 3.49 3.31 3.56 3.63 3.9 2.5 3.96 3.7 3.6 3.3 2.8 3.4 2.2 3.8

Na mg/L 86.5 87.8 87.6 88.9 90.5 89.5 86.1 83.5 87.2 95 93 95 84.5 93 96 97 94 96 95 92

S_SO4 mg/L 5.76 5.46 5.13 5.79 5.84 5.97 5.76 6.29 5.45 5.4 6.3 6.3 6.68 6.3 6.67 6.67 6.67 7 6.67 6.7

P_PO4 mg/L 0.003 0.036 <0.002 0.023 0.025 0.008 0.017 0.007 0.027 0.013 <0.01 <0.01 0.006 0.02 0.02 <0.01

EC mS/cm 1.04 1.01 0.920 0.990 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.07 1.06 0.922 0.901 1.06 1.06 1.04 1.03 0.976 1.03 1.06 1.02 106

pH 8.13 8.28 8.22 8.13 8.33 8.37 7.94 8.04 8.19 8.54 8.22 7.2 7.7 7.8 7.6 7.2 7.2 7 7.2 7

DOC mg/L 1.16 1.41 12.4 2.69 1.61 0.298 3.38 0.464 0.21 13** 42** 51** 24** 6** 13** <2** 4** 4** 1** 4** * denotes uncertain analyses due to unacidified samples ** denotes total organic carbon (TOC) analyses Note: Ca = Calcium, Cl = Chloride, HCO3 = Bicarbonate, K = Potassium, Mg = Magnesium, N_NH3 = Ammonia as Nitrogen, N_NO3 = Nitrate + Nitrite as Nitrogen, Na = Sodium, S_SO4 = Sulfate as Sulfur, P_PO4 =Phosphate as P, EC = Electrical conductivity at 25oC, DOC = Dissolved organic carbon



32

Table AII-3. Results of analysis for inorganic compounds in groundwater from piezometers TPL2C, TPL2B and TPL2A

Date 16/06/95 3/05/01 9/10/01 17/04/02 7/10/02 01/04/03 22/09/03 31/03/04 26/10/04 5/4/05 26/10/05

Piezometer TPL2C Ca mg/L 150 158 159 156 153 154 156 165 153 163 165

Cl mg/L 165 130 130 130 130 140 110 100 130 130 133

HCO3 mg/L 470 482 488 482 464 622 522 512 497 488 512

K mg/L 4 4 3 4 4 4 3.5 3.7 3.8 4.4 3.8

Mg mg/L 14 16 13 16 16 16 13.6 15.1 13.8 13.7 14.2

N_NH3 mg/L <0.005 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

N_NO3 mg/L 1.9 3.1 2.8 4.7 2.7 2.2 2 3.7 2.2 2.3 0.84

Na mg/L 95 85 69 87 85 88 70.3 73.8 83 75.5 82.1

S_SO4 mg/L 9 8.3 8.7 8 8.3 8.0 6.3 6.8 6.3 6.7 6.7

aION_BAL % 2.3 -1.2 2.2 3.1 -6.6 -1.2 1.2 1.6

EC mS/cm 1.25 1.12 1.12 1.14 1.17 1.18 1.17 1.18 1.20 1.48 1.10

pH 6.8 6.9 7 6.9 6.7 7.5 7.4 6.9 7 7.2 7.2

TOC mg/L 10 <1.0 3 <1.0 <1.0 7 3 5 6 11

Piezometer TPL2B Ca mg/L 130 121 119 116 118 117 110 124 98.2 98 115

Cl mg/L 225 200 190 190 180 180 180 170 180 180 168

HCO3 mg/L 320 360 354 360 348 342 360 372 360 342 372

K mg/L 5.5 6 5 6 6 5 5.4 5.8 5.9 6.2 5.2

Mg mg/L 13 16 15 15 15 15 14.2 15.8 14.1 13.7 14

N_NH3 mg/L <0.005 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

N_NO3 mg/L 0.145 0.1 0.09 1.9 0.11 0.08 0.07 0.36 0.12 0.19 0.13

Na mg/L 95 117 115 114 115 111 105 109 106 98.1 105

S_SO4 mg/L 11.3 9.3 8.7 8.7 8.7 8.7 8.0 8.6 7.3 7.8 7.9

aION_BAL % 2.2 2.7 0.9 4.2 2.7 -1.4 -4 0.9

EC mS/cm 1.05 1.14 1.12 1.12 1.15 1.16 1.16 1.18 1.15 1.43 1.05

pH 7.1 7.2 7.2 7.2 6.9 7.8 7.6 7.2 7.5 7.6 7.4

TOC mg/L 3 <1.0 3 2 <1.0 2 <1.0 4 3 4

Piezometer TPL2A Ca mg/L 110 126 123 122 124 125 117 128 96.8 133 116

Cl mg/L 205 190 190 180 218 190 190 180 190 190 193

HCO3 mg/L 320 354 348 360 342 345 354 363 360 342 366

K mg/L 5.5 5 5 5 5 5 4.4 4.7 4.8 5.2 4.4

Mg mg/L 14 15 15 15 15 14 13.1 14.5 13.5 12.9 12.7

N_NH3 mg/L 0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

N_NO3 mg/L 0.11 0.14 0.12 0.09 0.13 0.12 0.07 0.11 0.07 0.12 0.06

Na mg/L 100 111 109 110 118 115 110 116 113 105 111

S_SO4 mg/L 13.3 8.3 7.3 8 13.3 13 12.9 14.1 13.2 13 12.8

aION_BAL % 2.6 3.1 3.5 -0.2 2.6 -0.9 2 -2

EC mS/cm 1.1 1.12 1.11 1.12 1.19 1.19 1.19 1.22 1.22 1.49 1.08

pH 7.2 7.1 7.3 7.5 7 7.8 7.8 7.2 7.6 7.3 7.4

TOC mg/L 1 <1.0 1 <1.0 <1.0 1 <1.0 15 5 4 Note: Ca = Calcium, Cl = Chloride, HCO3 = Bicarbonate, K = Potassium, Mg = Magnesium, N_NH3 = Ammonia as Nitrogen, N_NO3 = Nitrate + Nitrite as Nitrogen, Na = Sodium, S_SO4 = Sulfate as Sulfur, aION_BAL = Ionic Balance of neutral charged waters, EC = Electrical conductivity at 25oC, TOC = Total organic carbon.



33

Table AII-4. Results of analysis for inorganic compounds in groundwater from piezometers BB17A and BB17B

Date 7/09/2000 2/05/2001 9/10/2001Piezometer BB17A Ca mg/L 141 144 121 Cl mg/L 250 260 250 HCO3 mg/L 732 537 750 K mg/L 54 48 45 Mg mg/L 21 22 19 N_NH3 mg/L 24 39 36 N_NO3 mg/L <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 Na mg/L 153 154 141 S_SO4 mg/L 5.7 5.7 6 aION_BAL % -7.4 2.2 -14 EC mS/cm 1.92 1.92 1.98 pH 6.9 6.8 6.9 TOC mg/L 42 22 10 Piezometer BB17B Ca mg/L 121 122 124 Cl mg/L 200 180 180 HCO3 mg/L 397 378 397 K mg/L 6 5 5 Mg mg/L 17 15 15 N_NH3 mg/L <0.01 <0.01 0.02 N_NO3 mg/L 0.02 <0.01 0.01 Na mg/L 123 106 106 S_SO4 mg/L 10.6 7 7.1 aION_BAL % -0.3 1.8 0.8 EC mS/cm 1.2 1.1 1.08 pH 7.1 6.6 7.1 TOC mg/L 4 8 <1.0

Note: Ca = Calcium, Cl = Chloride, HCO3 = Bicarbonate, K = Potassium, Mg = Magnesium, N_NH3 = Ammonia as Nitrogen, N_NO3 = Nitrate + Nitrite as Nitrogen, Na = Sodium, S_SO4 = Sulfate as Sulfur, aION_BAL = Ionic Balance of neutral charged waters, EC = Electrical conductivity at 25oC, TOC = Total organic carbon.



34

Table AII-5a. Results of analysis for inorganic compounds in groundwater from piezometers BB14A and BB14B since 1996 Date 6/5/96 6/8/96 15/12/96 5/6/97 6/1/98 28/4/98 27/8/98 11/12/98 12/5/99 9/9/99 29/2/00 7/9/00 2/5/01 10/10/01 17/4/02 7/10/02 1/4/03 22/9/03 31/3/04 26/10/04 5/4/05 26/10/05

Piezometer BB14A

Ca mg/L 191 279 160* 270 170 222 220 220 178 212 111 197 193 158 176 173 170 155 149 136 No 123

Cl mg/L 150 152 158 180 180 190 190 200 320 210 220 190 230 230 240 230 260 250 310 330 Sample 347

HCO3 mg/L 749 954 331* 420 460 520 770 740 503 738 488 717 738 756 790 787 817 625 857 881 915

K mg/L 4.68 4.94 5 6 7 7.18 8 11 13 14 17 17 24 19 29 29 36 36.1 47.7 53.3 68.7

Mg mg/L 29.2 26.7 26 26 26 26.5 27 27 28 25 25 28 26 27 31 33 33 34.3 36.7 33.6 33.7

N_NH3 mg/L 0.042 0.121 0.177 0.57 1.5 3.03 4.1 6.8 9.6 8.2 12 9.5 21 18 20 32 39 24 65 67 35

N_NO3 mg/L 0.042 0.013 <0.005 <0.02 <0.02 0.037 0.04 <0.02 0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.01

Na mg/L 85.7 93.5 97 96 110 100 110 120 126 116 121 118 137 109 141 132 153 142 171 192 185

S_SO4 mg/L 5.15 4.27 4.06 4.3 4 3.67 3.67 3.33 4 3.33 3.33 1.33 3.3 1.3 2.67 1.67 2.0 1.6 1.2 1.1 2.2

P_PO4 mg/L 0.006 0.006 0.008 <0.01 <0.01 <0.005 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

EC mS/cm 1.72 1.76 1.18 1.32 1.71 1.72 1.68 1.7 1.65 1.72 1.76 1.64 1.79 1.8 1.97 1.89 2.05 2.04 2.31 2.42 231

pH 7.80 7.8 8.78 7.78 6.5 7.3 7.2 6.9 6.6 6.6 6.4 6.6 6.5 6.6 6.4 6.3 7.2 6.8 6.7 6.7 6.8

DOC mg/L 2.15 2.14 34** 140** 150** 58** 26** 42** <5.0** 27** 6** 20** 1** <1.0** 11** 14** <1.0** 17** 39** 56** 52**

Piezometer BB14B

Ca mg/L 158 170 100* 190 120 160 170 160 154 163 152 155 156 152 146 159 156 149 161 142 161 131

Cl mg/L 176 174 174 200 180 198 200 190 200 190 200 200 220 220 200 200 200 190 190 230 220 273

HCO3 mg/L 551 573 247* 350 340 400 550 520 503 503 476 503 525 561 528 561 546 580 622 610 586 714

K mg/L 5.36 5.50 6 6 6 6.59 7 10 9 8 10 9 15 18 14 17 14 13 17.8 20 23.2 41.3

Mg mg/L 19.3 18.8 20 19 19 19.8 19 19 19 17 17 18 19 20 19 21 20 18.9 22.2 21 21.8 24.1

N_NH3 mg/L 0.007 0.108 0.011 0.39 1.1 1.77 2.6 3.3 3.8 2.9 4.4 3.2 12 12 9.1 16 12 7.7 15 19 22 17

N_NO3 mg/L 0.042 0.051 <0.005 0.02 <0.02 0.025 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

Na mg/L 95.4 98.8 110 110 110 100 110 120 118 111 116 118 131 132 124 126 120 108 121 129 130 156

S_SO4 mg/L 5.36 5.23 5.51 6 6 6.35 6 6.67 6.67 6.67 7 7 7.3 7.7 7.33 7 6.7 6.3 6.8 6.1 6.5 6.2

P_PO4 mg/L 0.010 0.031 0.012 <0.01 <0.01 0.005 0.03 0.03 <0.01

EC mS/cm 1.40 1.43 1.03 1.2 1.44 1.45 1.43 1.41 1.34 1.39 1.39 1.32 1.46 1.53 1.53 1.52 1.5 1.48 1.58 1.66 1.50 1.85

pH 8.30 7.98 8.31 8.1 6.8 7.3 7.6 7.2 6.9 6.9 6.7 6.9 6.8 6.9 6.7 6.6 7.2 7.4 6.8 6.9 7.1 7.1

DOC mg/L 1.27 1.17 23** 110** 110** 52** 9** 23** <3.0** 7** <3** 16 4** 2** 7** 6** <1.0** <1.0** 6** 23** 21** 24** * denotes uncertain analyses due to unacidified samples ** denotes total organic carbon (TOC) analyses Note: Ca = Calcium, Cl = Chloride, HCO3 = Bicarbonate, K = Potassium, Mg = Magnesium, N_NH3 = Ammonia as Nitrogen, N_NO3 = Nitrate + Nitrite as Nitrogen, Na = Sodium, S_SO4 = Sulfate as Sulfur, P_PO4 =Phosphate as P, EC = Electrical conductivity at 25oC, DOC = Dissolved organic carbon.



35

Table AII-5b. Results of analysis for inorganic compounds in groundwater from piezometer BB14C since 1996 Date 6/5/96 6/8/96 15/12/96 5/6/97 6/1/98 28/4/98 27/8/98 11/12/98 12/5/99 9/9/99 29/2/00 7/9/00 2/5/01 10/10/01 17/4/02 7/10/02 1/4/03 22/9/03 31/3/04 26/10/04 5/4/05 26/10/05

Piezometer BB14C

Ca mg/L 110 117 120* 130 100 119 130 120 124 125 123 122 124 121 117 121 119 112 124 93.1 109 115

Cl mg/L 211 210 210 230 100 218 210 220 220 210 200 200 190 190 180 200 180 170 170 180 190 176

HCO3 mg/L 360 356 197* 240 230 300 360 350 348 357 323 381 372 366 360 348 418 354 372 360 336 354

K mg/L 5.39 5.68 6 6 6 5.19 6 6 6 6 6 6 5 5 6 6 5 5.4 5.6 5.9 6.1 5.1

Mg mg/L 15.7 14.9 16 16 16 16.6 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 15 14.5 15.8 14.9 14.3 14.4

N_NH3 mg/L <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 0.04 0.02 0.027 0.04 <0.02 <0.02 0.04 <0.02 <0.01 <0.01 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 <0.01 0.03 <0.01 0.01

N_NO3 mg/L 0.080 0.019 <0.005 0.07 <0.02 0.062 0.1 0.08 0.07 0.06 <0.02 0.04 0,06 0.09 0.02 0.07 0.04 0.04 0.1 0.07 0.07 0.02

Na mg/L 113 117 120 120 120 112 120 130 122 118 118 118 115 110 109 108 105 102 106 105 95.4 101

S_SO4 mg/L 8.33 8.09 9.04 10 10.7 11 11 11 10.67 9.67 9.67 8.67 8.7 8.3 7.67 7.67 7.0 7.2 7.3 7.2 6.9 6.5

P_PO4 mg/L 0.014 0.008 0.013 <0.01 <0.01 0.026 0.03 0.03 <0.01

EC mS/cm 1.28 1.27 1.06 1.09 1.28 1.28 1.27 1.25 1.18 1.2 1.22 1.16 1.15 1.13 1.11 1.11 1.15 1.16 1.16 1.17 1.99 1.05

pH 8.19 8.21 8.37 8.07 7.2 7.6 7.7 7.4 7 7.2 6.6 7.1 7 7 6.8 6.7 7.7 7.5 7.2 7.7 7.6 7.6

DOC mg/L 0.78 1.29 19** 66** 59** 28** 5** 16** <2.0** <3.0** <2** <1** 8** 4** 2** 1** <1.0** 2** <1.0** 6** 3** 6**

* denotes uncertain analyses due to unacidified samples ** denotes total organic carbon (TOC) analyses Note: Ca = Calcium, Cl = Chloride, HCO3 = Bicarbonate, K = Potassium, Mg = Magnesium, N_NH3 = Ammonia as Nitrogen, N_NO3 = Nitrate + Nitrite as Nitrogen, Na = Sodium, S_SO4 = Sulfate as Sulfur, P_PO4 =Phosphate as P, EC = Electrical conductivity at 25oC, DOC = Dissolved organic carbon.



36

Table AII-6a. Results of analysis for inorganic compounds in groundwater from piezometers BB15A and BB15B since 1996

Date 6/5/96 6/8/96 15/12/96 5/6/97 6/1/98 28/4/98 27/8/98 11/12/98 12/5/99 9/9/99 29/2/00 30/6/00 7/9/00 2/5/01 10/10/01 17/4/02 7/10/02 7/10/02 1/4/03 22/9/03 31/3/04 26/10/04 5/4/05 26/10/05

Piezometer BB15A

Ca mg/L 231 257 150* 220 170 192 220 210 206 175 160 147 149 149 126 46 140 127 125 105 103 116 95.3

Cl mg/L 149 126 127 180 160 193 170 160 200 210 230 230 220 240 240 189 337 310 320 320 340 410 334

HCO3 mg/L 877 913 366* 600 600 790 890 800 787 735 696 726 717 702 702 156 573 775 836 772 836 897 891

K mg/L 5.58 5.62 5 13 16 18.9 16 19 21 30 32 36 36 38 30 26 52 56 60 61.9 69.8 82.3 73

Mg mg/L 32.8 28.5 32 30 26 28.9 31 30 28 24 24 22 23 23 20 16 25 25 24.5 21.8 23.6 25.1 25.1

N_NH3 mg/L 0.533 0.717 1.47 13 12 14.5 17 16 19 18 31 30 25 36 37 31 63 86 64 78 52 110 48

N_NO3 mg/L 0.243 0.990 0.84 0.13 <0.02 0.036 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.02

Na mg/L 85.8 81.7 85 100 110 110 100 110 121 122 136 132 138 143 124 98 176 179 182 176 202 181 187

S_SO4 mg/L 2.36 2.65 2.88 1.67 3 2.34 2.33 2.67 3 3.3 3.67 3.67 3.67 3.7 4.3 2.67 4 4.7 4.0 4.6 4 2.9 3.3

P_PO4 mg/L <0.005 0.010 0.007 <0.01 0.01 <0.005 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

EC mS/cm 1.68 1.68 1.02 1.48 1.68 1.81 1.76 1.72 1.7 1.74 1.84 1.69 1.71 1.81 1.82 2.15 2.07 2.25 2.33 2.28 2.47 312 230

pH 8.06 7.93 8.39 7.94 6.6 7.1 6.9 6.9 6.6 6.7 6.6 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.8 6.6 6.5 7.2 6.8 6.9 6.9 7.1 7

DOC mg/L 3.10 2.01 50** 98** 140** 68** 16** 42** 10** 26** 9** 41** 4** 2** 23** 27** 12** 16** 32** 39** 38** 29**

Piezometer BB15B

Ca mg/L 131 141 120* 150 110 123 140 140 130 137 129 129 125 125 107 124 122 121 122 117 113 98.7 96 79.5

Cl mg/L 173 170 185 200 180 199 200 200 210 190 210 220 200 180 210 200 210 210 200 240 290 320 340 369

HCO3 mg/L 462 479 323* 300 330 340 500 460 470 476 458 473 488 360 458 415 427 427 403 485 641 732 915 848

K mg/L 6.89 7.05 9 11 14 14.8 16 19 17 17 18 16 17 6 13 11 15 15 12 22.5 45.4 64 101 76.2

Mg mg/L 18.5 17.3 20 19 18 18 19 19 18 18 18 18 18 16 15 17 16 16 16 16.4 20.3 19.6 21.5 21.6

N_NH3 mg/L 2.11 0.718 4.82 5.6 8 10.5 12 11 11 11 13 9.2 14 11 11 4 13 13 7.1 18 58 75 130 44

N_NO3 mg/L 0.104 0.014 0.023 0.08 0.04 0.095 0.02 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.02 0.04 0.04 <0.01 0.06 0.01 0.06 0.06 0.02 <0.01 <0.01 0.02 <0.01 0.02

Na mg/L 92.9 96.7 110 110 110 102 120 120 119 116 122 121 122 116 107 121 121 121 119 135 162 190 220 202

S_SO4 mg/L 4.72 4.45 4.62 6 6 6.35 6.33 6.33 6.67 6.67 7 8 7.33 10.7 9 8.67 8 8.3 8.67 7.97 7.3 6.7 5.8 5.9

P_PO4 mg/L 0.007 0.006 0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.009 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

EC mS/cm 1.29 1.29 1.12 1.15 1.4 1.39 1.39 1.39 1.33 1.4 1.43 1.25 1.36 1.17 1.37 1.24 1.32 1.33 1.31 1.54 1.99 2.27 3.46 2.43

pH 8.54 8.11 8.44 7.8 7 7.5 7.5 7.2 7 6.9 6.7 7 6.9 7.1 7 6.6 6.7 6.7 7.6 7.2 7.1 7.6 7.2 7.1

DOC mg/L 1.23 4.42 26** 79** 93 38** 4** 23** 5** 9** 4** 8** 10** 2** 5** 3** 15** <1.0** 13** 24** 59** 130** 59**



37

* denotes uncertain analyses due to unacidified samples ** denotes total organic carbon (TOC) analyses Note: Ca = Calcium, Cl = Chloride, HCO3 = Bicarbonate, K = Potassium, Mg = Magnesium, N_NH3 = Ammonia as Nitrogen, N_NO3 = Nitrate + Nitrite as Nitrogen, Na = Sodium, S_SO4 = Sulfate as Sulfur, P_PO4 =Phosphate as P, EC = Electrical conductivity at 25oC, DOC = Dissolved organic carbon. Table AII-6b. Results of analysis for inorganic compounds in groundwater from piezometer BB15C since 1996

Date 6/5/96 6/8/96 15/12/96 5/6/97 6/1/98 28/4/98 27/8/98 11/12/98 12/5/99 9/9/99 29/2/00 30/6/00 7/9/00 2/5/01 10/10/01 17/4/02 7/10/02 7/10/02 1/4/03 22/9/03 31/3/04 26/10/04 5/4/05 26/10/05 Piezometer BB15C Ca mg/L 106 113 98* 120 95 117 120 97 124 127 125 125 121 134 122 118 122 119 108 122 123 136 118

Cl mg/L 199 198 203 220 210 215 210 210 220 210 210 210 200 210 180 180 170 180 170 170 190 190 177

HCO3 mg/L 344 339 232* 270 230 270 350 350 348 357 354 366 381 451 366 354 348 354 378 387 378 378 415

K mg/L 5.26 5.71 5 6 6 6.12 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 15 6 6 6 6 5.6 6.6 7.8 8.3 7.7

Mg mg/L 14.5 14.2 15 15 15 15.2 15 16 16 16 16 16 16 18 16 15 15 15 13.6 15 15.3 15.2 14.6

N_NH3 mg/L <0.005 0.039 0.008 0.02 0.02 0.055 0.04 0.02 <0.02 0.04 0.09 <0.02 <0.01 <0.01 0.02 0.05 0.05 0.12 0.17 0.54 1.5 1.4 1.6

N_NO3 mg/L 0.248 0.026 0.105 0.24 0.18 0.219 0.11 0.16 0.12 0.13 <0.02 0.09 0.05 0.14 0.25 0.11 0.37 0.14 0.11 0.09 0.02 <0.01 <0.01

Na mg/L 108 113 120 120 120 112 120 130 127 122 123 121 123 128 111 110 109 104 93.5 105 106 107 104

S_SO4 mg/L 7.86 7.08 9.73 10 10.7 11 11 11.7 12.67 12 12 12.3 11.67 8.3 10.3 9.33 9 8.3 7.2 7.6 7.5 7 6.6

P_PO4 mg/L 0.015 0.006 0.008 <0.01 <0.01 0.028 0.02 0.03 0.01

EC mS/cm 1.22 1.22 1.06 1.07 1.27 1.27 1.24 1.23 1.21 1.23 1.26 1.12 1.19 1.35 1.11 1.12 1.1 1.15 1.12 1.19 1.21 1.48 1.11

pH 8.19 8.41 8.49 7.95 7.2 7.6 7.7 7.4 7.1 7.1 6.5 7.1 7.1 6.8 7.1 6.8 6.8 7.5 7.4 7.2 7.4 7.4 7.2

DOC mg/L 0.46 4.89 17** 63** 58** 27** 5** 14** <2.0** <3.0** 3** <1** 7** <1.0 3** <2.0** <1.0** 6** <1.0** 7** 7** 4**




38

Table AII-7a. Results of analysis for inorganic compounds in groundwater from piezometers BB16A and BB16B since 1996 Date 6/5/96 6/8/96 15/12/96 5/6/97 6/1/98 28/4/98 27/8/98 11/12/98 12/5/99 9/9/99 29/2/00 7/9/00 2/5/01 10/10/01 17/4/02 7/10/02 1/4/03 22/9/03

Piezometer BB16A

Ca mg/L 264 230 120* 240 160 212 200 190 158 195 187 175 192 172 57 180 173 172

Cl mg/L 125 121 131 140 140 154 160 140 145 160 160 170 170 180 144 160 180 170

HCO3 mg/L 939 834 285* 560 550 280 750 700 732 726 689 732 811 756 256 750 711 775

K mg/L 4.09 3.60 4 5 7 9 11 14 13 17 18 23 28 30 22 28 25 23.2

Mg mg/L 28.0 27.0 26 26 25 24.7 23 23 24 23 24 25 27 27 17 26 25 27.2

N_NH4 mg/L 0.333 0.559 1.28 2 5 7.83 12 12 11 11 18 14 28 26 21 28 16 12

N_NO3 mg/L <0.005 0.009 <0.005 0.02 <0.02 0.018 <0.02 0.03 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

Na mg/L 73.7 74.3 85 83 94 88.5 98 98 98 101 101 105 109 109 75 102 108 93.8

S_SO4 mg/L 3.63 3.16 3.66 3 3.7 3.34 4 4 3.33 3.67 3 3.33 2 2 1.67 1.67 2.7 1.5

P_PO4 mg/L <0.005 <0.005 0.009 <0.01 <0.01 <0.005 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

EC mS/cm 1.51 1.55 0.889 1.35 1.62 1.64 1.55 1.51 1.48 1.59 1.61 1.54 1.71 1.73 1.79 1.64 1.67 1.66

pH 7.77 7.93 8.58 7.75 6.5 7.3 7.2 7 6.6 7 6.4 6.6 6.4 6.6 6.5 6.4 7.2 6.8

DOC mg/L 2.86 1.30 30** 150** 160** 69** 18** 35** <5.0** 25** <5** 27** 20** 2** 16** 32** 25** <1.0**

Piezometer BB16B

Ca mg/L 115 112 120 120 88 118 120 120 119 122 120 120 122 120 120 122 119 107

Cl mg/L 144 142 144 160 150 145 140 130 140 150 150 160 170 170 190 170 190 190

HCO3 mg/L 392 385 227* 200 250 280 380 380 369 369 366 351 366 372 345 342 326 345

K mg/L 4.53 4.61 4 5 5 4.5 5 6 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 5 5.2

Mg mg/L 14.5 13.8 15 15 15 15 15 15 14 14 14 14 15 14 14 14 14 13.1

N_NH4 mg/L <0.005 <0.005 0.005 0.11 0.02 0.006 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.16 0.24 0.37 0.41 0.59 0.26 0.43 0.02 0.12

N_NO3 mg/L 0.774 0.747 0.528 0.95 0.8 1.2 0.97 1 1.2 1.2 1.3 0.77 1.4 0.69 0.54 1.2 0.41 0.35

Na mg/L 85.3 89.0 93 92 94 88.5 91 92 94 94 97 103 106 103 108 106 110 103

S_SO4 mg/L 7.36 7.32 7.29 8 8 8.02 7.67 7.33 7.67 7.33 7.67 7.67 7.7 7.3 8 8 8.7 7.9

P_PO4 mg/L 0.009 0.010 0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.029 0.03 0.03 <0.01

EC mS/cm 1.12 1.08 0.813 0.947 1.1 1.09 1.07 1.07 1.02 1.09 1.09 1.07 1.09 1.07 1.1 1.09 1.16 1.15

pH 8.21 8.13 8.36 7.54 7.2 7.6 7.6 7.3 7.1 7.1 6.9 7.1 7.1 7.1 7 6.8 7.5 7.5

DOC mg/L 0.26 0.58 20** 66** 71** 32** 4** 17** <3.0** <3.0** <2** <1** 9** 4** 5** 2** <1.0** 3**



39

* denotes uncertain analyses due to unacidified samples ** denotes total organic carbon (TOC) analyses Note: Ca = Calcium, Cl = Chloride, HCO3 = Bicarbonate, K = Potassium, Mg = Magnesium, N_NH3 = Ammonia as Nitrogen, N_NO3 = Nitrate + Nitrite as Nitrogen, Na = Sodium, S_SO4 = Sulfate as Sulfur, P_PO4 =Phosphate as P, EC = Electrical conductivity at 25oC, DOC = Dissolved organic carbon. Table AII-7b. Results of analysis for inorganic compounds in groundwater from piezometer BB16C since 1996 Date 6/5/96 6/8/96 15/12/96 5/6/97 6/1/98 28/4/98 27/8/98 11/12/98 12/5/99 9/9/99 29/2/00 7/9/00 2/5/01 10/10/01 17/4/02 7/10/02 1/4/03 22/9/03

Piezometer BB16C

Ca mg/L 156 105 89* 110 91 105 110 77 98 116 113 117 120 118 117 95 120 110

Cl mg/L 154 154 153 170 160 160 160 160 150 170 170 180 190 190 200 238 190 180

HCO3 mg/L 461 333 226* 170 220 220 300 300 320 357 360 320 336 342 336 189 348 357

K mg/L 4.81 4.89 5 5 5 4.72 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 5.6

Mg mg/L 12.8 12.4 13 13 13 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 15 15 15 15 15 13.7

N_NH3 mg/L <0.005 <0.005 0.041 0.03 <0.02 <0.005 0.03 0.02 <0.02 0.03 <0.02 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

N-NO3 mg/L 1.91 0.102 0.008 2 2.6 2.45 2 2 2.1 1.2 1.7 0.63 0.61 0.45 0.27 0.24 0.05 0.18

Na mg/L 85.7 92.0 96 95 98 85.6 95 98 98 99 100 108 113 114 118 117 113 103

S_SO4 mg/L 6.66 6.58 6.01 6.7 6.7 7.01 6.7 6.7 7 3.67 7 7.33 8 8 8.67 9.67 10 8.7

P_PO4 mg/L 0.006 <0.005 0.009 <0.01 <0.01 0.034 0.02 0.03 0.01

EC mS/cm 1.05 1.04 0.867 0.913 1.06 1.05 1.05 1.03 0.977 1.09 1.08 1.08 1.14 1.12 1.14 1.15 1.19 1.16

pH 8.23 8.20 8.44 7.64 7.3 7.6 7.6 7.4 7.2 7.2 7 7.2 7.2 7.2 7 7 7.4 7.5

DOC mg/L 0.33 0.63 17** 66** 36** 24** 6** 13** <3.0** <3.0** 1** <1** 5** <1.0 1** <2.0** <1.0** 1**




40

Table AII-8. Results of analysis for inorganic compounds in groundwater from piezometers BB18A, BB18B and BB18C Date 30/06/00 7/09/00 2/05/01 9/10/01 17/04/02 7/10/02 02/4/03 22/9/03 31/03/04 26/10/04 5/4/05 26/10/05

Piezometer BB18A

Ca mg/L 171 165 168 166 155 163 168 160 169 171 192 177

Cl mg/L 150 140 150 150 170 160 180 190 180 180 180 184

HCO3 mg/L 564 534 549 561 543 525 503 604 628 616 592 634

K mg/L 7 6 7 7 8 9 10 10.9 11.5 11 13.9 11.1

Mg mg/L 22 21 21 21 20 20 20 19.4 20.5 18.3 20.3 19.3

N_NH3 mg/L 0.64 1.2 1.6 1.7 2.4 4.3 5.8 4.6 7.5 12 8.1 5

N_NO3 mg/L 0.16 0.19 0.18 0.2 0.02 0.19 0.03 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.01

Na mg/L 92 92 97 96 104 104 108 104 110 93 113 107

S_SO4 mg/L 4.3 5.7 5.3 5.7 5.33 5.67 5.7 5.5 5.8 5.2 5.5 5.6

pH 6.8 6.8 6.7 6.9 6.7 6.6 7.4 7 6.8 7 7.2 7

EC mS/cm 1.19 1.24 1.27 1.23 1.28 1.29 1.44 1.49 1.53 1.60 1.91 1.42

TOC mg/L 7 9 <1.0 4 <4.0 13 6 6 90 11 9

Piezometer BB18B Ca mg/L 139 144 145 139 141 139 143 138 141 148 160 144

Cl mg/L 170 160 170 180 190 170 190 200 200 200 180 190

HCO3 mg/L 595 473 439 427 451 427 390 488 497 436 506 519

K mg/L 5 6 6 6 7 8 8 9.9 10.5 10.4 13.5 11.4

Mg mg/L 17 17 18 17 17 17 17 16.8 17.9 16.7 18.6 17.6

N_NH3 mg/L 0.07 0.2 0.55 0.62 1.8 2.9 4.3 4 5.9 11 7.3 7.1

N_NO3 mg/L 0.36 0.23 0.28 0.37 0.07 0.16 0.03 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

Na mg/L 97 106 106 107 108 110 109 107 113 99.2 121 113

S_SO4 mg/L 7 7.3 7.3 7.3 7 7.3 7 6.5 6.9 6.6 6.7 6.5

pH 7 7 6.9 7.1 6.9 6.9 7.8 7.4 7 7.3 7.2 7.1

EC mS/cm 1.11 1.15 1.21 1.17 1.21 1.21 1.32 1.36 1.41 1.48 1.76 1.29

TOC mg/L <1.0 9 <1.0 5 4 14 4 4 28 9 6

Note: Ca = Calcium, Cl = Chloride, HCO3 = Bicarbonate, K = Potassium, Mg = Magnesium, N_NH3 = Ammonia as Nitrogen, N_NO3 = Nitrate + Nitrite as Nitrogen, Na = Sodium, S_SO4 = Sulfate as Sulfur, aION_BAL = Ionic Balance of neutral charged waters, EC = Electrical conductivity at 25oC, TOC = Total organic carbon



41

Date 30/06/00 7/09/00 2/05/01 9/10/01 17/04/02 7/10/02 02/4/03 22/9/03 31/03/04 26/10/04 5/4/05 26/10/05 Piezometer BB18C Ca mg/L 123 124 126 123 121 122 121 111 120 120 121 116

Cl mg/L 210 200 200 200 200 180 190 190 180 200 200 189

HCO3 mg/L 351 351 36 366 357 348 433 357 369 314 348 360

K mg/L 5 5 5 5 6 6 5 5.4 5.6 5.6 7.1 5.3

Mg mg/L 15 15 16 15 15 15 15 14 14.7 13.5 14.5 13.5

N_NH3 mg/L <0.02 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.7 0.08

N_NO3 mg/L 0.06 0.08 0.14 0.1 0.09 0.21 0.18 0.15 0.18 0.23 0.17 0.14

Na mg/L 120 122 122 119 117 117 113 108 111 97 101 107

S_SO4 mg/L 10 10 10.3 10.3 10.3 10.3 10 9.1 9.6 8.8 8.9 8.8

pH 7.2 7.1 7.2 7.2 7 6.9 7.6 7.5 7.2 7.5 7.3 7.5

EC mS/cm 1.12 1.18 1.21 1.15 1.16 1.15 1.2 1.19 1.21 1.24 1.50 1.08

TOC mg/L 8 5 <1.0 2 2 <1.0 2 <1.0 18 25 6

Note: Ca = Calcium, Cl = Chloride, HCO3 = Bicarbonate, K = Potassium, Mg = Magnesium, N_NH3 = Ammonia as Nitrogen, N_NO3 = Nitrate + Nitrite as Nitrogen, Na = Sodium, S_SO4 = Sulfate as Sulfur, aION_BAL = Ionic Balance of neutral charged waters, EC = Electrical conductivity at 25oC, TOC = Total organic carbon



42

Table AII-9a. Results of analysis for inorganic compounds in groundwater from piezometers BB19A and BB19B Date 30/06/00 7/09/00 7/09/00 7/09/00 2/05/01 2/05/01 9/10/01 9/10/01 17/4//02 7/10/02 02/04/03 22/09/03 31/03/04 26/10/04 5/4/05 26/10/05

Duplicate Another lab Duplicate Duplicate

Piezometer BB19A

Ca mg/L 146 153 159 157 153 159 158 137 146 145 113 145

Cl mg/L 150 140 150 150 150 160 160 160 140 150 150 146

HCO3 mg/L 458 488 482 506 503 494 500 485 491 482 403 464

K mg/L 5 5 5 5 5 6 5 4.5 4.7 4.8 4.6 4.4

Mg mg/L 18 19 20 21 21 21 20 17.1 18.1 17.5 15.5 16.5

N_NH3 mg/L <0.02 0.02 0.06 0.17 0.22 0.57 0.21 0.01 <0.01 0.11 <0.01 <0.01

N_NO3 mg/L 0.89* 0.49 0.66 0.34 0.31 0.41 0.9 0.88 1.4 1.1 1.1 0.79

Na mg/L 91 95 96 96 98 101 95 87.6 89 93.6 76.8 87.1

S_SO4 mg/L 8 7.7 7.7 7.3 7 7.3 6.7 5.6 6.0 5.7 5.3 5.5

aION_BAL % 2.6 3.1 4.8 2.4 0.8 3.7 2.2 -2.8

pH 7 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.8 6.7 7.4 7.3 7 7 7.6 7.2

EC mS/cm 1.06 1.16 1.22 1.2 1.21 1.24 1.28 1.22 1.23 1.25 1.43 1.09

TOC mg/L <1.0 7 <1.0 3 <4.0 8 5 2 6 10 4

Piezometer BB19B

Ca mg/L 130 140 143 130 152 153 148 142 145 147 138 150 155 130 149

Cl mg/L 180 170 180 180 170 170 170 200 200 220 210 200 200 210 201

HCO3 mg/L 397 442 427 350 451 464 458 427 390 393 433 479 470 445 470

K mg/L 6 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5.4 5.7 6.2 4.7

Mg mg/L 20 19 19 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 19.1 21 20.7 20.6 17.4

N_NH3 mg/L 2.2* 0.22 0.24 0.24 0.02 0.02 0.02 <0.01 <0.01 0.01 0.04 0.13 0.15 0.24 0.16

N_NO3 mg/L 0.16* 0.07 0.05 0.36 0.36 0.31 0.35 0.19 0.37 0.26 0.26 0.36 0.34 0.35 0.21

Na mg/L 105 108 110 100 106 104 103 113 118 117 112 114 113 99.8 88.1

S_SO4 mg/L 9 9.7 9.7 9 9 9 8.7 10.3 11 11.0 10.3 10.5 10.4 8.9 6.0

aION_BAL % 2.2 2 3.8 1 4.4 3.7 2.4 1.9 4.6 3 -1.4

pH 7.1 7 7 7.2 6.9 6.9 7 6.9 6.8 7.6 7.5 7.1 7.1 7.5 7.2

EC mS/cm 1.11 1.19 1.19 1.26 1.25 1.25 1.19 1.24 1.28 1.36 1.37 1.40 1.41 1.71 125

TOC mg/L 2 2 11 10 <1.0 2 4 <1.0 5 6 2 6 25 * denotes uncertain analyses due to unacidified samples ** denotes total organic carbon (TOC) analyses Note: Ca = Calcium, Cl = Chloride, HCO3 = Bicarbonate, K = Potassium, Mg = Magnesium, N_NH3 = Ammonia as Nitrogen, N_NO3 = Nitrate + Nitrite as Nitrogen, Na = Sodium,



43

S_SO4 = Sulfate as Sulfur, aION_BAL = Ionic Balance of neutral charged waters, EC = Electrical conductivity at 25oC, DOC = Dissolved organic carbon. Table AII-9b. Results of analysis for inorganic compounds in groundwater from piezometer BB19C Date 30/06/00 7/09/00 7/09/00 7/09/00 2/05/01 2/05/01 9/10/01 9/10/01 17/4/02 7/10/02 02/04/03 22/09/03 31/03/04 26/10/04 5/4/05 26/10/05

Duplicate Another lab Duplicate Duplicate

Piezometer BB19C

Ca mg/L 145 176 173 166 166 162 169 175 164 176 173 188 174

Cl mg/L 320 480 440 440 450 420 430 470 490 480 530 490 465

HCO3 mg/L 381 336 342 342 329 326 317 369 317 339 534 311 329

K mg/L 7 6 5 5 5 6 6 5 5.5 5.7 5.9 6.7 5.3

Mg mg/L 30 37 35 34 34 33 34 35 34.9 36.6 35.6 36.7 33.8

N_NH3 mg/L 0.31* 0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.01 <0.01 <0.01

N_NO3 mg/L <0.02 0.07 0.18 0.28 0.14 0.48 0.24 0.14 0.08 0.18 0.13 0.19 0.06

Na mg/L 156 229 209 205 204 202 207 211 220 229 229 241 224

S_SO4 mg/L 15.7 26 24.3 23.7 23.7 23.3 24.3 25.0 24.8 26.8 26.1 26 25.7

aION_BAL % 0.7 2.9 2.9 1.1 1.4 2.8 3.5 -1.4 0.1

pH 7.3 7.1 7.1 7.2 7.3 7 6.8 7.8 7.6 7.2 7.2 7.5 7.4

EC mS/cm 1.48 1.98 1.93 1.95 2.02 1.9 2.11 2.21 2.22 2.25 2.8 207

TOC mg/L 13 <1.0 <1.0 3 <4.0 <1.0 1 4 <1.0 4 8 * denotes uncertain analyses due to unacidified samples ** denotes total organic carbon (TOC) analyses Note: Ca = Calcium, Cl = Chloride, HCO3 = Bicarbonate, K = Potassium, Mg = Magnesium, N_NH3 = Ammonia as Nitrogen, N_NO3 = Nitrate + Nitrite as Nitrogen, Na = Sodium, S_SO4 = Sulfate as Sulfur, aION_BAL = Ionic Balance of neutral charged waters, EC = Electrical conductivity at 25oC, DOC = Dissolved organic carbon.



44

Table AII-10. Results of analysis for inorganic compounds in groundwater from piezometers BB20A, BB20B and BB20C

Date 30/6/00 7/9/00 2/5/01 9/10/01 17/4/02 7/10/02 02/4/03 22/9/03 31/03/04 26/10/04 5/4/05 26/10/05

Piezometer BB20A

Ca mg/L 149 145 153 150 145 155 157 147 153 145 160 150

Cl mg/L 140 130 140 140 180 150 160 170 160 160 160 155

HCO3 mg/L 473 458 458 464 467 470 479 512 512 488 464 500

K mg/L 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5.4 5.8 5.9 6.6 4.7

Mg mg/L 16 16 17 17 18 19 19 19.1 20.2 19.3 18.9 17.5

N_NH3 mg/L <0.02 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.16 0.19 0.43 0.13 0.31 <0.01

N_NO3 mg/L 1 0.07 0.93 0.63 0.01 0.83 0.51 0.55 0.77 0.78 1 0.5

Na mg/L 87 89 90 91 96 97 98 91.8 97.2 94.4 97 87.9

S_SO4 mg/L 7.7 7.3 7.7 7.7 8 8 7.7 6.6 7.1 6.8 6.4 6.0

aION_BAL % 1 2.5 3.6 2.7 -1.2 3.8 3 -2.1

pH 6.9 6.9 7 7.2 6.9 6.7 7.5 7.1 7 7.2 160 113

EC mS/cm 1.09 1.15 1.17 1.12 1.15 1.19 1.27 1.28 1.31 1.30 7.6 7.2

TOC mg/L 7 7 <1.0 <1.0 6 11 3 1 8 7 19

Piezometer BB20B Ca mg/L 123 107 127 112 118 133 131 125 135 116 132 137

Cl mg/L 200 200 160 230 250 190 220 230 220 240 230 206

HCO3 mg/L 366 320 403 299 384 372 332 372 378 369 342 397

K mg/L 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 5.5 5.5 5.7 5.9 5.1

Mg mg/L 19 18 18 20 21 20 20 18.9 19.1 17.7 17.8 17

N_NH3 mg/L 0.2 0.14 0.04 0.18 0.14 0.09 0.08 0.06 0.09 0.05 0.05 0.05

N_NO3 mg/L <0.02 0.01 0.07 <0.01 0.01 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.07 0.01 0.02 0.03

Na mg/L 107 114 101 119 130 108 112 108 115 117 106 108

S_SO4 mg/L 7.7 6.3 7 7.7 8.3 7 7.0 6.6 7.4 7.6 7.6 7.3

aION_BAL % 1 2.8 2.4 2.1 -2.2 4 3.7 -2.1

pH 6.9 7.2 7 7.3 7.4 6.8 7.7 7.4 7.2 7.4 7.7 7.4

EC mS/cm 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.18 1.24 1.2 1.29 1.33 1.32 1.35 1.63 1.17

TOC mg/L <1.0 34 <1.0 2 <4.0 3 1 1 1 6 5



45

Piezometer BB20C Ca mg/L 154 169 161 147 158 158 155 146 153 156 162 149

Cl mg/L 620 670 600 570 540 540 570 590 570 600 580 567

HCO3 mg/L 198 229 232 207 275 195 488 214 229 351 189 220

K mg/L 8 8 7 8 8 8 7 7 7.3 7.6 8.2 6.8

Mg mg/L 44 49 43 45 44 43 42 40.5 42.4 42.4 41.5 39.8

N_NH3 mg/L 0.26 0.27 0.41 0.29 0.36 0.45 0.34 0.35 0.42 0.35 0.42 0.31

N_NO3 mg/L <0.02 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.31 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

Na mg/L 249 285 246 228 236 247 236 236 245 246 216 233

S_SO4 mg/L 17.7 20.3 20.3 18.7 19.7 20.7 20.3 19.2 20.6 20.4 20 19.4

aION_BAL % 0.9 2 0.7 1.4 2.3 5.9 -9 -0.9

pH 7.3 7.3 7.2 7.3 7.3 7 7.6 7.5 7.3 7.6 7.7 7.4

EC mS/cm 2.1 2.39 2.3 2.12 2.25 2.15 2.27 2.29 2.29 2.32 2.71 2.08

TOC mg/L 14 34 3 6 2 <1.0 6 3 16 7 8

Note: Ca = Calcium, Cl = Chloride, HCO3 = Bicarbonate, K = Potassium, Mg = Magnesium, N_NH3 = Ammonia as Nitrogen, N_NO3 = Nitrate + Nitrite as Nitrogen, Na = Sodium, S_SO4 = Sulphate as Sulphur, aION_BAL = Ionic Balance of neutral charged waters, EC = Electrical conductivity at 25oC, TOC = Total organic carbon.



46

Table AII-11. Field measurement of physical parameters during sampling, April and October 2005 Note: EC = Electrical conductivity, DO = Dissolved oxygen , Eh = Reduction Oxidation Potential (REDOX)

Instruments: pH WTW pH340i with SenTix41 pH electrode redox WTW pH340i with SenTix ORP electrode Dissolved oxygen WTW Oxi340i with CellOx325 electrode Electrical Conductivity WTW Cond340i with TetraCon325 electrode

Borehole Number

Sampling Date

EC mS/cm

DO mg/L pH

Eh mV

Temp. oC

TPL2C 5/4/2005 1189 6.69 134 2.9 22.4TPL2B 5/4/2005 1151 7.02 123.9 3.76 21.3TPL2A 5/4/2005 1195 7.07 130.5 3.16 21.2BB15A 5/4/2005 2550 6.7 -237 1.01 29.7BB15B 5/4/2005 2630 6.96 -252.9 1.01 26.3BB15C 5/4/2005 1198 7 -285.4 0.98 25.1BB14A 5/4/2005 No sample collected due to failing water table. BB14B 5/4/2005 1627 6.77 -216.5 0.9 25.9BB14C 5/4/2005 1160 7.08 -151.7 0.85 23.6BB18A 5/4/2005 1548 6.66 -239.2 0.78 23.9BB18B 5/4/2005 1429 6.85 -128 0.77 22.8BB18C 5/4/2005 1224 7.03 43.3 0.83 23.3BB19A 5/4/2005 1152 6.92 70.5 4.52 21.8BB19B 5/4/2005 1397 6.87 48.8 0.87 22.1BB19C 5/4/2005 2280 7.1 62.7 2.71 21.8BB20A 5/4/2005 1289 6.84 -93.1 0.76 22.2BB20B 5/4/2005 1320 7.06 -70.6 0.7 21.8BB20C 5/4/2005 2210 7.31 -128.6 0.65 22.1TPL2C 26/10/05 1226 1.76 6.475 85.4 21.7TPL2B 26/10/05 1175 2.66 6.755 67.6 20.7TPL2A 26/10/05 1213 1.86 6.737 65.9 20.6BB15A 26/10/05 2540 0.04 6.402 -161 28.6BB15B 26/10/05 2710 0.03 6.582 -150 25.7BB15C 26/10/05 1244 0.03 6.714 -143 22.7BB14A 26/10/05 2540 0.06 6.274 -213 31.3BB14B 26/10/05 2040 0.03 6.45 -191 25.1BB14C 26/10/05 1179 0.03 6.79 -163 22.6BB18A 26/10/05 1562 0.43 6.392 -165 21.9BB18B 26/10/05 1456 0.07 6.536 -85.1 21.4BB18C 26/10/05 1204 0.33 6.786 -51.1 21.2BB19A 27/10/05 1219 0.99 6.523 89.2 20.9BB19B 27/10/05 1406 0.04 6.548 45.1 21BB19C 27/10/05 2270 2.02 6.751 74.5 21.3BB20A 27/10/05 1273 0.27 6.513 -197 21.3BB20B 27/10/05 1322 0.06 6.624 -70.8 21.4BB20C 27/10/05 2290 0.04 6.955 -129 21.5



47

Appendix III Organic Compound and Metal Analyses

– October 2005



48

Organic Compound Analyses Table AIII-1 Analysis of groundwater samples for pesticides and petroleum hydrocarbons – October 2005

Borehole Number BB14A BB15A Duplicate BB15A BB15B BB18A BB19A Blank TPL2C

Sampling date 26/10/05 26/10/05 26/10/05 26/10/05 26/10/05 27/10/05 27/10/05 26/10/05

Organophosphorus Pesticides Chlorpyrifos ug/L <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 Demet-S-methyl ug/L <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 Diazinon ug/L <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 Dimethoate ug/L <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 Organochlorine pesticides Aldrin ug/L <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 Chlordane ug/L <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 DDT&metabolites. ug/L <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 Dieldrin ug/L <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 HCB ug/L <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 Heptachlor ug/L <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 Lindane ug/L <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 Polychlorinated Biphenyls PCBs mg/L <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 Polyaromatic hydrocarbons Acenaphthylene. ug/L <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Acenaphthene. ug/L <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Anthracene. ug/L <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Benz(a)pyrene ug/L <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Benz(a)anthracene ug/L <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Benzo(b+k)fluoranthene ug/L <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 Benzo(g,h,I)perylene ug/L <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Chrysene ug/L <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Dibenz(a,h)anthracene ug/L <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Fluoranthene. ug/L <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Fluorene ug/L <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Indeno(1,2,3,c,d)pyrene ug/L <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Naphthalene ug/L 2.2 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Phenanthrene ug/L <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Pyrene ug/L <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Total PAHs ug/L <16 <16 <16 <16 <16 <16 <16 <16 BTEX Benzene ug/L 2.2 1.5 1.8 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

Ethylbenzene ug/L 7.1 1.5 1.4 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

Toluene ug/L 3.3 1.6 1.7 <1.0 1.5 <1.0 <1.0 1.4

Xylene ug/L 6.1 <2.0 2.5 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0

TotalBTEX ug/L 19 <5.0 7.4 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0

Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons C6-C9 ug/L 26 <25 <25 <25 <25 <25 <25 <25

C10-C14 ug/L 250 140 150 84 <25 <25 <25 <25

C15-C28 ug/L 260 190 230 260 <100 <100 <100 <100

C29-C36 ug/L <100 <100 <100 <100 <100 <100 <100 <100

TotalTPH ug/L 540 330 380 340 <250 <250 <250 <250



49

Metal Analyses Table AIII-2 Analysis of groundwater samples for metals - October 2005

Borehole Number BB14A BB15A DuplicateBB15A BB15B BB18A BB19A TPL2C Blank Marine Guideline a

(2000)** Freshwater Guideline a

(2000)** Level of Protection Level of Protection

Sampling date 26/10/05 26/10/05 26/10/05 26/10/05 26/10/05 26/10/05 26/10/05 27/10/05 95% 99% 95% 99%

Al mg/L <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 0.052 none none none none As mg/L 0.12 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.001 <0.001 <0.001 none none 0.013 0.0008 B mg/L 0.1 0.09 0.09 0.1 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 none none 0.370 0.09

Ba mg/L 0.27 0.21 0.21 0.16 0.098 0.054 0.059 0.27 none none none none Cd mg/L <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 0.0002 0.0055 0.0007 0.0002 0.00006 Co mg/L <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 0.006 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 0.001 5x10- none none

Cr (VI) mg/L 0.002 <0.002 <0.002 0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 0.0044 0.00014 0.001 0.00001 Cu mg/L <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 0.33 0.0013 0.0003 0.0014 0.001 Fe mg/L 10 4.4 4.4 5.9 0.27 0.005 <0.005 0.33 none none none none Mn mg/L 0.11 0.098 0.097 0.18 0.067 <0.001 <0.001 0.02 none none 1.9 1.2 Mo mg/L <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 none none none none Ni mg/L 0.009 0.01 0.011 0.015 0.002 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.07 0.007a 0.011 0.008 Pb mg/L <0.0001 0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 0.0004 0.051 0.0044 0.0022 0.0034 0.001 V mg/L <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 0.005 <0.005 0.005 0.1 0.05 none none

Zn mg/L 0.036 0.043 0.064 0.042 0.014 <0.005 0.062 0.22 0.015 0.007 0.008 0.0024 * The blank is mains supply water from CSIRO Floreat pumped through the same pump assembly used to recover the groundwater samples from the field piezometers. **ANZECC/ARMCANZ (2000), Australian water quality guidelines for fresh and marine waters. a ‘Trigger values for marine and fresh water at slightly-moderately disturbed systems’ from Table 3.4.1 in ANZECC/ARMCANZ (2000), Australian water quality guidelines for fresh and marine waters. Note: Values in Bold are above the ANZECC/ARMCANZ (2000) marine guideline values for 95% level of protection. Bold Italicised values exceed freshwater guideline values for 95% level of protection.



50

Appendix IV

Analysis methods and reporting limits.



51

Table AIV-1 Reporting limits and method descriptions for Chemistry Centre WA

Reporting Limits

Analyte Method code Units Reporting Limit Al iMET1WCICP mg/L 0.005 As iMET1WCICP mg/L 0.05 As iMET1WCMS mg/L 0.001 B iMET1WCICP mg/L 0.02 Ba iMET1WCICP mg/L 0.002

CO3 iALK1WATI mg/L 2 Ca iMET1WCICP mg/L 1 Cd iMET1WCMS mg/L 0.0001 Cl iCL1WAAA mg/L 5 Co iMET1WCICP mg/L 0.005 Cr iMET1WCICP mg/L 0.002 Cu iMET1WCICP mg/L 0.005

ECond iEC1WZSE mS/m 0.2 Fe iMET1WCICP mg/L 0.005

HCO3 iALK1WATI mg/L 2 K iMET1WCICP mg/L 1

Mg iMET1WCICP mg/L 1 Mn iMET1WCICP mg/L 0.001 Mo iMET1WCMS mg/L 0.001

N_NH3 iAMMN1WFIA mg/L 0.01 N_NO3 iNTAN1WFIA mg/L 0.01

Na iMET1WCICP mg/L 1 Ni iMET1WCMS mg/L 0.001 Pb iMET1WCMS mg/L 0.0001

SO4_S iMET1WCICP mg/L 0.1 TOC eCTO1WTCO mg/L 1

V iMET1WCICP mg/L 0.005 Zn iMET1WCICP mg/L 0.005 pH iPH1WASE 0.1

Benzene eBTEX ug/L 1 Toluene eBTEX ug/L 1

Ethylbenzene eBTEX ug/L 1 Xylene eBTEX ug/L 2

TotalBTEX eBTEX ug/L 5 C6-C9 eTPH ug/L 25

C10-C14 eTPH ug/L 25 C15-C28 eTPH ug/L 100 C29-C36 eTPH ug/l 100 TotalTPH eTPH ug/l 250

Acenaphthylene ePAH1WATER ug/L 1



52

Analyte Method code Units Reporting Limit

Acenaphthene ePAH1WATER ug/L 1 Anthracene ePAH1WATER ug/L 1

Benz(a)pyrene ePAH1WATER ug/L 1 Benz(a)anthracene ePAH1WATER ug/L 1

Benzo(b+k)fluoranthene ePAH1WATER ug/L 2 Benzo(ghi)perylene ePAH1WATER ug/L 1

Chrysene ePAH1WATER ug/L 1 Dibenz(a,h)anthracene ePAH1WATER ug/L 1

Fluoranthene ePAH1WATER ug/L 1 Fluorene ePAH1WATER ug/L 1

Indeno(1,2,3,c,d)pyrene ePAH1WATER ug/L 1 Naphthalene ePAH1WATER ug/L 1 Phenanthrene ePAH1WATER ug/L 1

Pyrene ePAH1WATER ug/L 1 TotalPAH ePAH1WATER ug/L 16 alpha BHC iOC1WCGC ug/L 0.01

Aldrin iOC1WCGC ug/L 0.01 Chlordane iOC1WCGC ug/L 0.01

DDD iOC1WCGC ug/L 0.01 DDE iOC1WCGC ug/L 0.01 DDT iOC1WCGC ug/L 0.01

Dieldrin iOC1WCGC ug/L 0.01 Endosulfan iOC1WCGC ug/L 0.01

Endosulfan sulphate iOC1WCGC ug/L 0.01 Endrin iOC1WCGC ug/L 0.01 HCB iOC1WCGC ug/L 0.01

Heptachlor iOC1WCGC ug/L 0.01 Heptachlor epoxide iOC1WCGC ug/L 0.01

Lindane iOC1WCGC ug/L 0.01 Methoxychlor iOC1WCGC ug/L 0.01

Aziniphos methyl iOP1WGC ug/L 0.1 Aziniphos ehtyl iOP1WGC ug/L 0.1 Chlorpyriphos iOP1WGC ug/L 0.1

Demeton-S_methyl iOP1WGC ug/L 0.1 Diazinon iOP1WGC ug/L 0.1

Dimethoate iOP1WGC ug/L 0.1 Ethion iOP1WGC ug/L 0.1

Fenitrothion iOP1WGC ug/L 0.1 Fenthion iOP1WGC ug/L 0.1 Maldison iOP1WGC ug/L 0.1 Parathion iOP1WGC ug/L 0.1

Pirimiphos methyl iOP1WGC ug/L 0.1 PCBs iPCB1WGC mg/L 0.1



53

Method Descriptions

Method code Description iMET1WCICP Analysis of metals in water by the Varian Vista inductively coupled

plasma spectrometer (ICPAES) iMET1WCMS Analysis of metals in water by the Agilent 7500cs inductively

coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICPMS) iALK1WATI Analysis of total alkalinity, bicarbonate and carbonate by acid

titration to pH endpoints, 8.3 and 4.5. iCL1WAAA Analysis of chloride by segmented flow autoanalyser using mercuric

thiocyanate colour reagent iEC1WZSE Electrical Conductivity at 25 °C. iAMMN1WFIA Analysis of ammonia expressesd as nitrogen using a flow injection

analyser. This method is based on the Berthelot reaction iNTAN1WFIA Analysis of nitrate expressesd as nitrogen using a flow injection

analyser. Nitrate is quantitatively reduced to nitrite by passage of the sample through a copper coated cadmium column. The nitrite (reduced nitrate plus original nitrite) is then determined by diazotization with sulfanilamide under acidic condition to form a diazonium ion. The resulting diazonium ion is complexed with N-(1-naphthyl)-ethylenediamine dihydrochloride.

eCTO1WTCO Total organic carbon, outsourced to NMI. Analysed by total organic carbon analyser utilising persulphate oxidation.

iPH1WASE Analysis of pH using meter eBTEX Benzene, toluene, xylene and ethylbenzene outsourced to NMI.

Analysed by gas chromatography. eTPH Hydrocarbons outsourced to NMI. Analysed by gas chromatography. ePAH1WATER Polyaromatic hydrocarbons outsourced to NMI. Analysed by gas

chromatography. iOC1WCGC Organochlorine pesticides outsourced to NMI. Analysed by gas

chromatography. iOP1WGC Organophosphorus pesticides outsourced to NMI. Analysed by gas

chromatography. iPCB1WGC Polychlorinate biphenyls (PCBs) outsourced to NMI. Analysed by

gas chromatography.

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