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Towards aEuropean VET area: Zooming in on 2010
Aviana BulgarelliDirector Cedefop
26-27 April 2007 AGORA Thessaloniki XXVI: Building a European VET area
2
Maastricht 2004
Lisbon 2000
Copenhagen 2002
Helsinki 2006
Copenhagen-Maastricht-HelsinkiProgress in VET policy areas
Contextual challenges
Policy challenges
How Cedefop supports the process
Outline
26-27 April 2007 AGORA Thessaloniki XXVI: Building a European VET area
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Copenhagen – Maastricht – HelsinkiCopenhagenDeclaration
2002
Strengthen the European dimension
Improve transparency, information & guidance systems
Recognise competences & qualifications
Promote quality assurance
MaastrichtCommuniqué
2004:national
&EU-level
priorities
Put Copenhagen tools into practice(quality assurance, validation, guidance & counselling; Europass)
Improve public/private investments, training incentives, use of EU funds
Address the needs of groups at risk
Develop flexible & individualised pathways, progression
Strengthen VET planning, partnerships, identify skill needs
Develop pedagogical approaches & learning environments
Expand VET teachers’ & trainers’ competence development
EQF, ECVET; identify TT learning needs; improve VET statistics
HelsinkiCommuniqué
2006
Improve image, status, attractiveness of VET; good governance
Develop further, test & implement common tools by 2010(EQF, ECVET, CQAF/ENQA-VET, Europass)
More systematic mutual learning; more & better VET statistics
Take all stakeholders on board to put Copenhagen into place
26-27 April 2007 AGORA Thessaloniki XXVI: Building a European VET area
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Progress since Maastricht
Where most countries report progress:
National qualifications frameworks (NQF) Validation of non-formal and informal learning Quality improvement and assurance – CQAF Integrating learning with working Access and equity Guidance and counselling
stay focused
26-27 April 2007 AGORA Thessaloniki XXVI: Building a European VET area
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How attractive is the VET option?
Citizens would recommend to a young person who is finishing compulsory education or secondary education...
0
15
30
45
60
EU-25 EU-15 M NS-10
Source: Special Eurobarometer 216, "Vocational Training", 2004
%…vocational training or apprenticeship …general or academic studies
Students in pre -/vocational and general programmes at ISCED 3
0.0
15.0
30.0
45.0
60.0
75.0
EU-25 EU-15 NMS-10
Source: Eurostat; UOE data collection, 2004
%
Pre-/vocational General
26-27 April 2007 AGORA Thessaloniki XXVI: Building a European VET area
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! 80 million Europeans formally low skilled
13
16
30
26
16
11
36
4947 47
44
39
34 34
38 38
23
30
44
55
31
0
20
40
60
USA Japan EU27 Korea Canada Russian Fed. Australia
Low skilled Upper/post-secondary education Tertiary education
Educational attainment of adult population aged 25-64, 2003/2006
EU27: 2006; Australia, Canada, Korea, USA: 2004; Japan, Russian Fed.: 2003 Sources: Eurostat (EU27); OECD, 2006 (other countries); countries sorted by attainment of upper/post-secondary education
Europe’s skill level scores: low skills: highhigh skills: lowintermediate skills: strong (mostly through VET)
skilled & highly skilled jobs in demandwithin 10 years:
- 9% jobs for low skilled workers + 31% for medium
+ 58% for high skilled
right skill mix for Europe requiressecondary & tertiary level qualifications
26-27 April 2007 AGORA Thessaloniki XXVI: Building a European VET area
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40
45
50
55
60
65
70
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Source: P opulation projection 2004, Eurostat, baseline variant.
Population in EU25 aged 15 to 24 and 55 to 64, 2005-2030 (in million)
The demographic time bomb
labour market more dependent on: older workers, women re-enteringthe labour market, migrants
2 million fewer learners insecondary & tertiary VET
strong potential for continuing skills development of adults
anticipate skill needs validate non-formal learning systemic changes: better
quality in initial/continuing VET,skills development for adults
- 9 million15-24 year-olds
+ 14 million 55 -64 year olds
by 2030 …
26-27 April 2007 AGORA Thessaloniki XXVI: Building a European VET area
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Europe risks wasting its potential
fewer young peoplecontinuing training is
crucial for skills development & renewal
but: the older people are,
the less they participatein learning
educational & learning deficits add up
develop guidance & training for older workers
Population aged 25-64 participating in LLL, by age groups (EU-27, 2005)
12.5%
10.9%10.0%
8.4%
6.7%
5.2%
3.2%
9.5%
20.4%
Total 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64
Source: Eurostat; EU Labour Force Survey (LFS), 2005;LLL=formal/non-formal education/training during four w eeks prior the survey
EU Benchmark 2010: 12.5%
26-27 April 2007 AGORA Thessaloniki XXVI: Building a European VET area
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Persistent learning divide
Formal and non-formal learning - participation by working status andeducational level (EU-25, 2003)
1.3 1.62.8
3.8
14.815.114.3
33.7
22.7
13.0
9.0
7.6
9.0
18.9
10.3
6.77.07.3
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
Employed Unemployed Inactive Employed Unemployed Inactive
Pa
rtic
ipa
tio
n r
ate
(%
)
low medium high
Formal learning Non-formal learning
Source: Eurostat; LLL ad hoc module, 2003
26-27 April 2007 AGORA Thessaloniki XXVI: Building a European VET area
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Lifelong learning revisited:
frequency↔ intensity? Non-formal learning of employed people: participation and intensity
HU
DK
UK
BG
SISK
ATFR
DEEU-25
SEFI
ES
GRPT
RO
IE
PL
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Participation rate (%)Source: Eurostat; LLL ad hoc module, 2003
Ho
urs
pe
r p
art
icip
an
t
26-27 April 2007 AGORA Thessaloniki XXVI: Building a European VET area
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Europe can‘t afford to waste its potential
We need to
make VET attractive for young people & adults ensure all have access to learning/training opportunities &
more adults participate, whether (un)employed or inactive prevent early school leaving value older workers & their skills tailor VET better to the needs of different target groups know more about the skills we need
26-27 April 2007 AGORA Thessaloniki XXVI: Building a European VET area
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Zooming in on 2010Knowledge development for all
Particular policy challenges:
Financing
Governance
Lifelong guidance, quality, transparency,
validation of non-formal learning
26-27 April 2007 AGORA Thessaloniki XXVI: Building a European VET area
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Financing
Sharing costs to foster efficiency & equity in CVET (state/regions, enterprises, individuals)
Different sources of funding to meet differentobjectives & needs, public policy for equal access
Emerging models in the Member States(training funds managed by social partners, apprenticeship,
tax relief, ILA, vouchers..)
26-27 April 2007 AGORA Thessaloniki XXVI: Building a European VET area
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Governance
Common challenges for
VET, employment, social, finance & economic policies: ageing population changing labour market & skills needs global competition & social inclusion
need an integrated policy approach & agenda co-operation of actors
(ministries, state/regions & local authorities, social partners)
role of social partnerssupport & steer VET policy; develop, design & manage CVET policies
26-27 April 2007 AGORA Thessaloniki XXVI: Building a European VET area
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Social partner support counts
Percentage of employees in small enterprises, participating in CVT courses
0
15
30
45
60
75
EU-25
SE DK IE NL FI UK LU BE CZ FR DE ES PT IT LV SI EE BG LT PL HU GR RO
Source: Eurostat; Continuing Vocational Training Survey (CVTS2), 1999
%with "joint CVT agreement" without "joint CVT agreement"
26-27 April 2007 AGORA Thessaloniki XXVI: Building a European VET area
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Lifelong guidance & validation of non-formal learning
Elements for effective lifelong learning policies
Valuing the role of continuing VETLifelong guidanceValidation of non formal learningLinking sectoral qualifications &
national qualification systems
26-27 April 2007 AGORA Thessaloniki XXVI: Building a European VET area
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How Cedefop supports the process
research, statistics, policy analysis (government & social partner policies,…)
looking at VET as an interface between education, employment, social & economic policies
EQF, ECVET, quality assurance (CQAF) Europass, guidance & counselling teachers & trainer development study visits & peer learning activities
monitoring progress – next review in 2008
26-27 April 2007 AGORA Thessaloniki XXVI: Building a European VET area
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Looking forward to your contributionsThank you for your attention !
www.cedefop.europa.euwww.trainingvillage.gr/policyanalysis
With many thanks to colleagues who helped organise this event!