TOURISM POLICY PROFILES

Problems, designs and actors

1. Tourism policy A basic model Key dimensions

2. Organising tourism policy3. Analysing policy discourse

The case of Denmark The case of Siberia?

halkier@cgs.aau.dk http://www2.ihis.aau.dk/~halkier/

TOURISM POLICYA basic model

Source: Inspired by inter alia Ham & Hill, Jenkins, Sabatier, Parsons, Winter – Elaborated on the basis of Henrik Halkier: Institutions, Discourse and Regional Development, Brussels: PIE Peter Lang, 2006, chapter 3.

Political environment

Public actors

Private actors

Discursive terrain

Implementing organisation

Political sponsor

Organisation

Policy design

Economic & socio-cultural environment

Public actors

Private actors

Cultural patterns

Discursive terrain

Policy target

Firms

Organisations

Public authorities

Tourists

PROBLEM DEFINITION

POLICY OUTCOME

Analysing public policy in practice

KEY DIMENSIONS

Topographical inside/outside up/down

Temporal past/future cause/consequence

Strategic subject/object assistant/opponent

Sour

ce:

Insp

ired

by

inte

r al

ia K

osel

leck

and

Å

kers

trøm

And

erse

n –

Ela

bora

ted

on th

e ba

sis

of

Hen

rik

Hal

kier

: Ins

titu

tion

s, D

isco

urse

and

Reg

iona

l D

evel

opm

ent,

Bru

ssel

s: P

IE P

eter

Lan

g, 2

006,

cha

pter

3.

Topographical inside/outside up/down

Temporal past/future cause/consequence

Strategic subject/object assistant/opponent

Sour

ce:

Insp

ired

by

inte

r al

ia K

osel

leck

and

Å

kers

trøm

And

erse

n –

Ela

bora

ted

on th

e ba

sis

of

Hen

rik

Hal

kier

: Ins

titu

tion

s, D

isco

urse

and

Reg

iona

l D

evel

opm

ent,

Bru

ssel

s: P

IE P

eter

Lan

g, 2

006,

cha

pter

3.

Social geography a problem where? a problem for whom?

Policy design in what sense a problem? ways of addressing problem?

Policy process who is active/passive? who helps/gets in the way?

Analysing public policy in practice

KEY DIMENSIONS

National tourism policy as

POLICY DOMAIN

Private firms

Tourists

Sub-nationalorganisations

Nationalorganisations

National tourism policy as

POLICY DOMAIN

Private firms

Tourists

Sub-nationalorganisations

Nationalorganisations

PromotionStandardsResearchSafety

National tourism policy as

POLICY DOMAIN

Private firms

Tourists

Sub-nationalorganisations

Nationalorganisations

PromotionStandardsResearchSafety

Product developmentExpansionSpatial planningFair playPartnership

National tourism policy as

POLICY DOMAIN

Private firms

Tourists

Sub-nationalorganisations

Nationalorganisations

PromotionStandardsResearchSafety

Product developmentExpansionSpatial planningFair playPartnership

EncouragementSponsorshipRegulationCoordinationPartnership

National tourism policy as

POLICY DOMAIN

Private firms

Tourists

Sub-nationalorganisations

Nationalorganisations

PromotionStandardsResearchSafety

Product developmentExpansionSpatial planningFair playPartnership

EncouragementSponsorshipRegulationCoordinationPartnership

Three underlying assumptions:• market positioning• public-private relations• territorial relations

International tourism policies

THE ULTIMATE TOP-DOWN?

Private firms

Tourists

Nationalorganisations

Internationalorganisations

ResearchSafety

Fair playSafety

Regulation?Coordination

85

95

07

02

Danish Tourist Board

Local associations

DANISH TOURISM POLICYActors and policies in transition

85

95

07

02

Danish Tourist Board

Local associations

Destination partnerships

Tourism export groups

Regional Tourism Boards

DANISH TOURISM POLICYActors and policies in transition

85

95

07

02

Danish Tourist Board

Local associations

Destination partnerships

Tourism export groups

Regional Tourism Boards

Product partnerships

Regional partnerships

DANISH TOURISM POLICYActors and policies in transition

85

95

07

02

Danish Tourist Board

Local associations

Destination partnerships

Tourism export groups

Regional Tourism Boards

Product partnerships

Regional partnerships

Social geography national/local problem, then also regional private firms, public promoters?

Policy design too few tourist, then also inadequate product promotion, firm-level projects and networks

Policy process central/local levels inform,

regional/partnerships develop? competitors, risk-averse firms, internal

competition?

DANISH TOURISM POLICYActors and policy discourse in transition

Social geography a problem where? a problem for whom?

Policy design in what sense a problem? ways of addressing problem?

Policy process who is active/passive? who helps/gets in the way?

SIBERIAN TOURISM POLICYActors and policies in transition