Tourism, Creativity & Regeneration

8/6/2019 Tourism, Creativity & Regeneration

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Tourism, Creativity

&

Regeneration

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Introductiony The phenomenon of urban regeneration has become

increasingly prominent on government agendas in

recent years.y Regeneration lead to the redevelopment of the place as

cities and towns.

y Tourism , culture and also the creativity are the tools

that being used to implemented this regeneration

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Regenerationy The department for Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS)

(2004) described regeneration as the positivetransformation of a place- whether residential, commercialor open space that has previously displayed symptoms ofphysical, social and economic decline

y Often viewed as revitalization(bringing new life) orrenaissance (being reborn)

y It is a process thats aim to revitalize areas of the city thathave decline using a range of tools (e.g. property, business,retail or arts developments) to enhance the area physically,economically, socially or culturally.

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Regenerationy Regeneration appeared to be driven initially by cluster

of artists and creative communities.

y E.g. New York City (Bohemian Index and Gay index)

y The link between culture , creativity and new

technological encouraging economics growth.

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Regenerationy Have to consider the aspect of People Climate and

Business climate.

y Standardization of architectural and attractionsdevelopment.

y Culture is one of the element in the regenerationprocess.

y Culture can be defined as heritage, arts and creativeindustries as well as incorporating peoples everydaylifestyles (e.g. leisure, shopping, eating and drinking)

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Regenerationy Step in regeneration

1. Local economy must be diversified and strengthened

2. Product development, diversification or enhancement

3. Branding and image (unique of the product)

4. Positioning (competitors)

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TheRole of Culture in

Urban Regenerationy The role of culture in urban regeneration

y Tool to enhance declining areas of cities (e.g. reused old

building)

y Close links are maintained with the history and heritageof place and local communities.

y Culture become a commodity to be packaged and sellmuch like any other

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Urban Regenerationy Examples of culture-led regeneration

y Cultural and Ethnic quarters

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Mixed used development areas for entertainment facilities,retail outlets, eating and drinking places and cultural venues(e.g. China Town, Little India and Little Italies)

y The arts , festivals and community development

y This strategies would serve to reconstruct cities externalimages, making them attractive to potential investors and

visitors. Boost the local economy through art-relatedactivities

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Urban Regenerationy The heritagisation of urban space

y Using the heritage place and site as a tool forregeneration.

y The reuse of heritage buildings (e.g. former factoriesand railways station) for modern purpose

y Grand Projects and Flagshipsy Developments of new culture attractions such a

museums, galleries or theaters or culture events such asfestivals and exhibitions

y Become a host for mega- events.

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Urban Regenerationy Waterfront development schemes

y Mixed-used development, combining residences,

recreational and cultural developmentsy Mostly the place will be occupied by the strangers to the

city (e.g. urban professional suburban communities andtourists)

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The Main Principle of a Cultural Planning Approach

to Urban Regeneration

1. Culture at the centre of and integral to planning

2. Democratic and community-orientated

3. Bottom-up approach

4. Pluralist, multi-stakeholder approach

5. Predominantly anthropological in approach

6. Local participation in the cultural and art activities

7. Emphasis on quality of life

8. Take account of cultural diversity

9. Negotiation of the local versus the national and theglobal

10. Recognition of hybrid and multiple identities

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The Main Principle of a Cultural Planning Approach

to Urban Regeneration

11. Fostering civic pride, a sense of local identity andownership

12. Awareness of intangible aspects of culture

13. Animations of the cities through culture and creativity

14. High creative and bohemian indices

15. Access to public space

16. New, more tolerant space for social interaction

17. Spiritual and holy spaces18. Space for fantasy

19. Creative approaches to development

20. Retention of local authenticity

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Types of Development stemming from

Regeneration Processy Iconic structures

y The cities increasingly constructing iconic landmarks as

means of creating or changing and image and focusingcultural and economic activity (e.g. Bilbao GuggenheimMuseum)

y H

eritage miningy Conserve the past because no more resources to develop

(e.g. Venice)

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Types of Development stemming from

Regeneration Processy Mega-events

y Use major international events to stimulus to

development (e.g.O

lympic Games, UNESCO

sponsoredUniversal Forum of Cultures)

y Thematization

y Developing a specific culture themey E.g. New York positioning itself as the culture capital of

the world

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The CreativeTurn In Regenerationy The reasons why creativity has become particularly popular

in urban development strategies:1. Culture is associated with high culture which has a

traditional ,staid image2. The cultural sector is not perceived as being very flexible or

dynamic

3. The creative sector is broader than the cultural sector alone

4. The creative sector is directly linked to innovation

5. The creative industries include many aspects of visualconsumption

6. Women often play a key role in the development of thecreative industries

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Models of Creative Developmenty The elements that are important in any creative

regeneration strategies;

y Clusteringy Creative enterprises need a network of colleagues and

suppliers and clustering is therefore seen as providing animpulse to both individual creativity and collective creativity

y Consumery In many cases creative enterprise need to attract audiences or

attract audience or consumer to specific locations.

y Large number of consumer also help to generate the ambiencewhich is important to make spaces and districts attractive tolive in.

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Models of Creative Developmenty Co-makership

y Creative cluster need to involve both producers and

consumers in a process of co-makership of creativeexperiences

y Attractions that do not allow space for the consumer tocreate their own experience or help to shape theexperiences produced by creative enterprises are

arguably not exploiting the full potential of creativetourism

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Models of Creative Developmenty Clarity

y Important to creative development in two sense :y Attracting audience depends on a certain level of visibility

y Must have the level of permeability of the consumer

y Confidencey Not just having the faith to invest in creativity but also

involves the essential issues of trusty Confidence in ones ability to make such developments

work is also an essential element in selling the idea ofsuccess

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Materializing Activityy Creativity can be integrated into urban and tourism

activity

y Creative spectacles

y Many major arts festivals have effectively become theterm of creative spectacles

y E.g. World ofWearable Art staged in New Zealand in2003 generates NZ$6.5 millions

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Materializing Activityy Creative Spaces

y Often of fixed ideas, blanks state; spaces that are

multifunctional and that can be used to developdifferent narratives

y Can be designed to house a core of permanent residence

y Creative Tourism

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Not just being there but reflexive interaction on thepart of tourist

y E.g. Creative Tourism New Zealand including bonecarving, Maori language class , native flora weaving

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Tourism, Creativity & Regeneration