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George E. Totten Until recently, Dr. Totten was a Senior Research Scientist at Union Carbide Corporation, where he was responsible for their R & D programs in metalworking quenchants, hydraulic fluids, and exploratory research programs in lubrication fundamentals. Currently, Dr. Totten is president of G.E. Totten & Associates, LLC, a research, sales, and consulting firm specializing in Thermal Processing and Industrial Lubrication problems and equipment supply. Dr. Totten is the section chairman of ASTM D02 L.06 on Non-Lubricating Oils; D02 N.06 on Fire-Resistant Hydraulic Fluids; and co-chairman of ASTM D02 N.07.3 Task Group on Piston Pump Testing specification development. In addition, he is vice-chairman of the ASTM Committee on Publications. Dr. Totten has published over 350 patents, technical papers, and books including: Handbook of Quenchants and Quenching Technology, Steel Heat Treating Handbook, Handbook of Residual Stress and Deformation of Steel, Fire Resistance of Industrial Fluids (ASTM STP 1284), Tribology of Hydraulic Pump Testing (ASTM STP 1310), Handbook of Hydraulic Fluid Technology and Hydraulic Failure Analysis: Fluids, Components and System Effects (ASTM STP 1339), Bench Testing of the Lubrication and Wear Properties of Industrial Fluids Used in Machinery Applications (ASTM STP 1404), and the Handbook of Aluminum: Physical Metallurgy and Processes (Vols. 1 and 2). Dr. Totten received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in chemistry from Fairleigh Dickinson University in New Jersey and his Ph.D. in physical organic chemistry from New York University. Dr. Totten is president of the International Federation for Heat Treatment and Surface Engineering (IFHTSE), a fellow of ASM International and SAE International, and is chairman of the SAE FCIM (Farm, Construction and Industrial Machinery) Board. Steven R. Westbrook At the Southwest Research Institute, Mr. Westbrook has been involved in standardized and non- standardized testing of petroleum fuels and lubricants. He has extensive experience in distillate fuel quality, fuel stability testing, laboratory test development, technical liaison in fuel-related field problems, and development of field tests for diesel fuel stability and cleanliness. He has conducted research on fuel stability additives, diesel fuel- degradation reaction mechanisms, and the effects of fuel container surfaces on fuel quality. He also has extensive experience with fuels from alternative sources, especially for diesel engine applications. Mr. Westbrook is the current chairman of ASTM Subcommittee D02 E on Burner, Diesel, Marine, and Non-Aviation Gas Turbine Fuels; and second vice chairman of the International Association Stability and Handling of Liquid Fuels. He is a past chairman of ASTM Section D02 E.05 on Fuel Stability and Cleanliness, Section D02.09 A on Oxidation of Motor and Aviation Gasolines, and Section D02.09 B on Oxidation of Middle Distillate Fuels. He has a B.Sc. in Analytical Chemistry from Texas Lutheran University and an M.B.A. from The University of Texas at San Antonio. Mr. Westbrook assisted in the development of a fuel system design guide and the Guide for Storage and Handling of Fuel Oil for Standby Diesel Generator Systems. Recent work involved studies of the application of advanced analytical methodologies for in-the-field analysis of fuels, specifically on the use of near-infrared spectroscopy for estimation of fuel properties and the use of portable test devices for fuels analysis. Rajesh J. Shah Dr. Shah currently holds the position of Director: Sales, Marketing and Technical Services at Koehler Instrument Company, New York. His primary responsibilities include overseeing the technical services, marketing and sales departments, and product development; supervising field service support; setting up distribution channels worldwide; and designing new test methods. Dr. Shah is also involved actively in research of lubricant/ grease degradation analysis, lubricant testing bench scale procedures, greases, additive development, alternative fuels, wear, and friction studies. While at Koehler Instruments he concurrently held a Research Scientist and an Adjunct Professor position at Stevens Institute of Technology, New Jersey, and is currently an Adjunct Professor of Engineering and on the Industrial Advisory Board at Hofstra University, New York. He is an active member of ASTM, STLE, NLGI, SAE, ACS, and AICHE, and chairs subcommittees in several of these organizations. Notable among them are his positions as chairman of the STLE Lubricants Fundamentals subcommittee, and Vice Chairman of the ASTM D02 G (Greases) and D02.09 (Oxidation) Committees. He was also the co-chair of the Basic Lubrication Course for STLE for three years and has chaired the testing session at NLGI for the past five years. Previously he was a member of the editorial advisory board of Lubricants World, and currently is on the advisory board of Lubrication and Fluid Power and Practicing Oil Analysis magazine and is an associate editor for Lubrication Engineering. Dr. Shah has a Ph.D. in Chemical Engineering with a specialization in petroleum and tribology research from the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania. He also has certifications in Marketing and Management from Long Island University, New York, and is fluent in six languages. He has published and presented over 40 papers in the field on Lubrication Science, Test Method Development, and Tribology

Totten Fuels and - ASTM International · T ECHNOLOGY,PROPERTIES, P ERFORMANCE, AND T ESTING Section Editors: Steven R. Westbrook and Rajesh J. Shah Editor: George E. Totten Fuels

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T E C H N O L O G Y , P R O P E R T I E S ,P E R F O R M A N C E , A N D T E S T I N G

Section Editors:

Steven R. Westbrook

and Rajesh J. Shah

Editor:George E. Totten

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ISBN:0-8031-2096-6Stock #: MNL37WCD

George E. TottenUntil recently, Dr. Totten was a Senior Research Scientist at Union CarbideCorporation, where he was responsible for their R & D programs in metalworkingquenchants, hydraulic fluids, and exploratory research programs in lubricationfundamentals. Currently, Dr. Totten is president of G.E. Totten & Associates, LLC,a research, sales, and consulting firm specializing in Thermal Processing andIndustrial Lubrication problems and equipment supply.

Dr. Totten is the section chairman of ASTM D02 L.06 on Non-Lubricating Oils; D02 N.06 on Fire-Resistant Hydraulic Fluids; and co-chairman of ASTMD02 N.07.3 Task Group on Piston Pump Testing specification development.In addition, he is vice-chairman of the ASTM Committee on Publications.

Dr. Totten has published over 350 patents, technical papers, and books including: Handbook ofQuenchants and Quenching Technology, Steel Heat Treating Handbook, Handbook of Residual Stress and Deformation of Steel, Fire Resistance of Industrial Fluids (ASTM STP 1284), Tribology of HydraulicPump Testing (ASTM STP 1310), Handbook of Hydraulic Fluid Technology and Hydraulic FailureAnalysis: Fluids, Components and System Effects (ASTM STP 1339), Bench Testing of the Lubrication and Wear Properties of Industrial Fluids Used in Machinery Applications (ASTM STP 1404), and theHandbook of Aluminum: Physical Metallurgy and Processes (Vols. 1 and 2).

Dr. Totten received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in chemistry from Fairleigh Dickinson University in New Jersey and his Ph.D. in physical organic chemistry from New York University. Dr. Totten is president of the International Federation for Heat Treatment and Surface Engineering (IFHTSE),a fellow of ASM International and SAE International, and is chairman of the SAE FCIM (Farm,Construction and Industrial Machinery) Board.

Steven R. WestbrookAt the Southwest ResearchInstitute, Mr. Westbrook has beeninvolved in standardized and non-standardized testing of petroleumfuels and lubricants. He hasextensive experience in distillatefuel quality, fuel stability testing,laboratory test development,technical liaison in fuel-related fieldproblems, and development of field

tests for diesel fuel stability and cleanliness. He hasconducted research on fuel stability additives, diesel fuel-degradation reaction mechanisms, and the effects of fuelcontainer surfaces on fuel quality. He also has extensiveexperience with fuels from alternative sources, especiallyfor diesel engine applications.

Mr. Westbrook is the current chairman of ASTMSubcommittee D02 E on Burner, Diesel, Marine,and Non-Aviation Gas Turbine Fuels; and second vice chairman of the International Association Stabilityand Handling of Liquid Fuels. He is a past chairman of ASTM Section D02 E.05 on Fuel Stability andCleanliness, Section D02.09 A on Oxidation of Motorand Aviation Gasolines, and Section D02.09 B onOxidation of Middle Distillate Fuels. He has a B.Sc.in Analytical Chemistry from Texas Lutheran Universityand an M.B.A. from The University of Texas at San Antonio.

Mr. Westbrook assisted in the development of a fuelsystem design guide and the Guide for Storage andHandling of Fuel Oil for Standby Diesel GeneratorSystems. Recent work involved studies of the applicationof advanced analytical methodologies for in-the-fieldanalysis of fuels, specifically on the use of near-infraredspectroscopy for estimation of fuel properties and theuse of portable test devices for fuels analysis.

Rajesh J. ShahDr. Shah currently holds the position of Director:Sales, Marketing and TechnicalServices at Koehler InstrumentCompany, New York. His primaryresponsibilities include overseeingthe technical services, marketingand sales departments, andproduct development; supervisingfield service support; setting up

distribution channels worldwide; and designing new test methods.

Dr. Shah is also involved actively in research of lubricant/grease degradation analysis, lubricant testing bench scaleprocedures, greases, additive development, alternativefuels, wear, and friction studies. While at KoehlerInstruments he concurrently held a Research Scientistand an Adjunct Professor position at Stevens Institute of Technology, New Jersey, and is currently an AdjunctProfessor of Engineering and on the Industrial AdvisoryBoard at Hofstra University, New York.

He is an active member of ASTM, STLE, NLGI, SAE,ACS, and AICHE, and chairs subcommittees in several of these organizations. Notable among them are his positions as chairman of the STLE LubricantsFundamentals subcommittee, and Vice Chairman of the ASTM D02 G (Greases) and D02.09 (Oxidation)Committees. He was also the co-chair of the BasicLubrication Course for STLE for three years and haschaired the testing session at NLGI for the past five years.Previously he was a member of the editorial advisoryboard of Lubricants World, and currently is on theadvisory board of Lubrication and Fluid Power andPracticing Oil Analysis magazine and is an associateeditor for Lubrication Engineering.

Dr. Shah has a Ph.D. in Chemical Engineering with a specialization in petroleum and tribology researchfrom the Pennsylvania State University, University Park,Pennsylvania. He also has certifications in Marketing and Management from Long Island University, NewYork, and is fluent in six languages.

He has published and presented over 40 papers in thefield on Lubrication Science, Test Method Development,and Tribology