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8/19/2019 total station ppt
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Welcome to the presentation on‘TOTAL STATION’
From,
Shashank R Javalagi.
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BASICS OF
SURVEYING Surveying is the most important, oldest practice carried
out, which includes, taking of measurements on, below or
above the surface of the ground and to plan the course of
further actions, based on the findings of the survey.
The linear measurements and angular measurements aremeasured with the aid of few instruments, viz., tape,
chain, staff, dumpy level, theodolite, etc
ll the readings are noted in field books or survey records
and kept as a hard copy and the calculations are done
later in office !ith such surveying instruments, survey work will be slow
and tedious.
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INVENTION OF MODERNSURVEIN!
s an outcome of continuous technological development, in the last
few decades, new varieties of electronic instruments have been
invented.
!ith these inventions, modern surveying practices came into
e"istence.
#ence with modern surveying instruments, survey work will beprecise, faster and less tedious.
ll the readings are recorded automatically by the electronic
instruments in a microprocessor and based on these readings$
critical values are calculated by the microprocessor, at real time.
#ence, the data collected in microprocessor is directly transferredand stored in the computer as a softcopy.
#ence modern surveying instruments are becoming more popular
and they are gradually replacing old surveying instruments such as
compass and %umpy level.
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MODERN SURVEIN!INSTRUMENTS
%igital level
&%'(&lectronic distancemeasurement
Total station
uto level
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INTRODU"TION TO TOTAL STATION
The total station is an improvised version of modern
surveying instruments such as &%' ) &lectronic distance
measurement, auto level and digital level.
Total station is a combination of an electronic theodolite and
an electronic distance meter *&'%+. This combination makes it possible to determine the
coordinates of reflector by aligning the instruments cross
hair on the reflector and simultaneously measuring the
vertical and horizontal angles and slope distances.
-n board micro(processor in the instrument, takes care ofrecording, readings and the necessary computations. The
data can be easily transferred to a computer where it can be
used to generate map.
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ROBOTIC
TOTAL STATION
The improvised total station by name R--T/0
T-T1 STT/-2 allows the operator to control the
instrument from a distance via remote control.
This eliminates the need of an assistant staff member,as the operator holds the reflector and controls the
total station from the observed point.
R--T/0T-T1 STT/-2
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FUNCTIONS OF TOTAL STATION:
Coordinates determination:
Total station determines the coordinates of an unknown
point relative to the known coordinate by establishing a direct line of
sight between the two points. ngles and distances are measured
from the total station to points under survey and the coordinates of
surveyed points relative to the total station position are calculated
using trigonometry and triangulation. Some total stations have3lobal 2avigation Satellite System *32SS+, which does not re4uire
direct line of sight to determine coordinates.
Distance measurement:
total station has a small solid state
emitter within the instruments optical path. They generate
modulated microwave or infrared signals that are reflected by a
prism reflector or the ob5ect under survey. The modulation pattern in
the returning signal is read and interpreted by the computer in the
total station. The distance is thus determined by emitting and
receiving multiple fre4uencies and determining the integer number
of wavelength, to the target, for each fre4uency.
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Angular measurement:
'ost of the modern total stations have digital bar(
codes on rotating glass cylinder that are installed within the
instrument. ngle measurements is done through electro(optical
scanning of these digital bar(codes.
Data processing:
The data recorded by the instrument may be downloaded
from the theodolite to a computer and the application software in
turn generates a map of the survey area. 'any advanced models oftotal station have built(in micro(processor to record and compute
distances, horizontal and vertical angles.
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ADVANTAGES OF TOTAL STATION
'ost accurate and user friendly.
3ives position of a point *", y and z+ w. r. t. known point *basepoint+.
&%' is fitted inside the telescope.
%igital display.
-n board memory to store data and compatibility with computers.
'easures distance and angles and displays coordinates,
uto level compensator is available.
0an work in lesser visibility also.
0an measure distances even without prismatic target for lesser
distances.
/s water proof.
-n board software are available.
Total solution for surveying work.
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APPLICATIONS OF TOTAL STATION
IN VARITIES OF FIELDS:
'ainly used by land
surveyors.
6sed by archaeologists torecord e"cavations.
y 7olice, crime scene
investigators, private accident
re(constructionists and
insurance companies to take
measurements of scenes.
IN CIVIL ENGG FIELD SED
FOR:
3eneral purpose angle
measurements. 3eneral purpose distance
measurement.
7rovision of control surveys. 0ontour and detail mapping. Setting out and construction
work.
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AUXILIARY EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED:
Targets or 7risms to accurately define the target point of a direction
measurement.
data recorder if one is not integrated into the total station.
download cable and software on a 70 to capture and process the
captured digital data to produce contour and detail maps.
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CONCLUSION
Total station makes the measurements more accurate.
Total station records the data on its inbuilt data recorder and
generates maps within a fraction of time.
#ence time consuming will be less and Total station made survey
work easy.
#ence T-T1 STT/-2 /S T-T1 S-16T/-2 F-R S6R8&9
!-R:.
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END
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T!AN" #O