Universities Total No. State Universities 298 Deemed to be Universities 130 Central Universities 44 Private Universities 148 Colleges 45,000 Total Universities today 636

∗ University Grants Commission (UGC) ∗ All India Council of Technical Education (AICTE) ∗ Medical Council of India (MCI) ∗ Indian Council for Agricultural Research (ICAR) ∗ National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE) ∗ Dental Council of India (DCI) ∗ Pharmacy Council of India (PCI) ∗ Indian Nursing Council (INC) ∗ Bar Council of India (BCI) ∗ Central Council of Homeopathy (CCH) ∗ Central Council for Indian Medicine (CCIM) ∗ Distance Education Council (DEC) ∗ Rehabilitation Council ∗ State Councils of Higher Education

Regulating Authorities

∗To guide Govt. about policies and direct reforms

∗Focusing on key areas: ∗ Education ∗ S & T ∗Agriculture ∗ Industry ∗ e-governance etc.

National Knowledge Commission (NKC) (2005-08)

∗Core Concerns: ∗Easy access to knowledge ∗Creation and Preservation of

knowledge systems ∗Dissemination of knowledge ∗Better knowledge Services

National Knowledge Commission (NKC)

‘Create many more universities’

around 1500 universities nationwide by 2015 To enable India to attain a gross enrolment

ratio of at least 15%

One important recommendation of NKC

∗The Government contributes - Five Year Plans.

∗ 12th Five Year Plan (2012-17) is under drafting. ∗Private sector play a pivotal role in the

growth of higher education in India – in No. of institutions and students enrollment.

∗Distance education has also emerged as a cost-effective manner of enhancing higher education.

Govt. efforts

∗High quality research has put India in the forefront in the developing world

∗Every year about 10000 – 12000 Ph. D. degrees are awarded

Indian Research Scenario

∗ IndCat (Online Union Catalogue of Indian Universities)

∗ ShodhGangotri: Repository of Indian Research in Progress

∗Association of Indian Universities (AIU) – “Bibliography of Doctoral Dissertations”. ∗ A column of ‘University News’ publishes Research in

Progress

∗DELNET’s Theses and Dissertations Database

Initiatives for Accessibility

Database No. of Records No of

Universities Books 1,28,04,667 157 Theses 2,53,312 287 Serials 33,184 213

IndCat: Online Union Catalogue of Indian Universities (INFLIBNET)

∗“Shodh” means “research and discovery”. ∗Gangotri” is origin of the Ganges in the

Himalayas the holiest, longest and largest of rivers in India.

The Ganges is the symbol of age-long culture, civilization, ever-aging, ever-flowing, ever-

loving and loved by its people.

ShodhGangotri

Theses and Dissertations database consists of 70,293 records

Developing Library Network (DELNET)

∗Shows 31 Theses Repositories ∗However, most of them include

mix type of records and only a few are exclusively devoted to ETDs

Directory of Open Access Repositories

∗Meaning 'Treasure of Knowledge' in Sanskrit ∗ Exclusively ETD repository – considered as

India's premier ETDs (Doctoral Theses) Repository

∗A project to host individual full-text thesis from various universities at University of Mysore, in collaboration with NISSAT and Ford Foundation

Vidyanidhi

∗Contribution to Project was voluntary, so includes ∗Database of only 5482 Ph. D. Theses.

Vidyanidhi Contd…

∗All the collection is retro-conversion of limited collection of limited universities.

∗Most of the collection is quite old and from 1 – 2 Universities.

∗After completion of project not updated and maintained.

∗Moreover, now it is not accessible.

Analysis

Year No. of ETDs 2011 1 2010 1 2007 1 2006 3 2005 22 2004 70 2003 110 2002 191 2001 133 Total 532

Table 1: Year wise coverage of Theses in Vidyanidhi

∗ First unified effort to host all the Ph. D. Theses submitted and accepted in the Indian Universities.

∗UGC Notification (Minimum Standards & Procedure for Award of M.Phil./ Ph. D. Degree, Regulation, 2009) dated 1st June 2009 mandated the submission of electronic version of theses and dissertations.

UGC’s Shodhganga Indian Electronic Theses and Dissertation Repository

∗INFLIBNET Centre - Hosting, Maintaining and making Shodhganga Accessible. ∗Hosts 8800+ ETDs ∗Aids financially for Retro-conversion

of Theses

Responsibility

∗Maximum ETDs are retro-conversions. ∗A few Universities are major Contributors. ∗ In Repository Date of submission is given

actually theses are old. ∗ For current submission Universities must sign

MOU, only 133/636 universities have signed. ∗Hope soon current ETDs will be available.

Analysis

∗ ‘Krishi’ means ‘Agriculture’ ∗ ‘Prabha’ means ‘morning’ or ’beginning’ of the

day.

Being 1st project in Agricultural discipline in India, titled KrishiPrabha.

∗ Indian Council of Agriculture Research (ICAR) sponsored theses digitization project.

KrishiPrabha

∗Portal for old and valuable documents including Theses of various agriculture universities.

∗All the uploaded ETDs are the retro-

conversions.

KrishiKosh

Name No of items

Comments

Indian Institute of Science http://etd.ncsi.iisc.ernet.in/

2165 Retro-conversion

IIT Kanpur http://172.28.64.70:8080/dspace/

9289 Mix

Retro-conversion

Thapar University http://dspace.thapar.edu:8080/dspace/community-list

2210 Retro-conversion

Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala http://mgutheses.org/

1448 Retro-conversion

University of Agricultural Sciences Dharwad http://etd.uasd.edu/

1352 Retro-conversion

Other ETD repositories

Other ETD repositories Contd…

Digital Repository of Cochin University of Science and Technology (CUSAT) http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/xmlui/handle/purl/1

1287 Retro-conversion

Saurashtra University http://etheses.saurashtrauniversity.edu/view/year/

1000+ Retro + Current 2000-2013

Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI) http://eprints.cmfri.org.in/view/type/thesis.html

174 Retro-conversion

Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda http://14.139.121.106:8080/jspui/handle/1/219

97 No Downloading

Indian Institute of Astrophysics http://prints.iiap.res.in/

95 Retro-conversion

∗UGC Regulation 2005: Submission of Metadata and Full-text of Doctoral Theses in Electronic Format as early as 2005 and also recommended for creation of ‘Indian National Theses Database (INTED)’

∗Were not mandatory for the universities or

scholars, so not much could be done

ETD submissions Policies

∗ INFLIBNET created ‘Shodhganga’ ∗ Issued guidelines for ETD submission.

Analysis ∗ Issues like Copyright, Bibliographic Format to

follow, Templates preparation etc. left upto the respective universities to decide.

∗Universities in confusion & reluctant.

Results of Regulations

∗Minimum Standards & Procedure for Award of M.Phil./ Ph. D. Degree. ∗mandatory condition of submission of

electronic version of theses and dissertations in ‘Shodhganga’

∗Universities to sign MOU. ∗Universities are slow in making necessary

amendments in Ph. D. ordinances and take adequate decisions for accepting ETDs.

UGC Regulation, 2009

∗Recommended establishment of ETD Repository in each core member Institution viz. IITs, NITs etc.

∗ Initiated Retrospective digitization of retrospective theses and dissertation

∗Prepared guidelines on the ETDs

INDEST-AICTE Consortium (Indian National Digital Library in Engineering & Technology)

∗Who should initiate, execute and maintain the ETDs – Library/ Academic/ Examination Branch of University

∗ Few Universities accepting ETDs in CDs rather than Online.

∗Uncertainty in faculty to ensure quality and originality.

∗No mention of Online Review & Evaluation

Undecided Issues

∗ Copyright issue left on Universities ∗Uncertainty about the software required ∗No plan for long time preservation ∗Researchers are unaware of how to create

ETDs ∗ Training needed for researchers to create

metadata.

Undecided Issues

∗ Indian Universities are more engaged in Retro-conversion of theses rather than starting accepting fresh ETDs

∗ Digitizing without any appropriate selection of theses.

∗ Internet connectivity needs to be strengthen.

∗Sufficient infrastructure needs to provided for ETD creation.

Conclusion

∗Awareness & Training programs required. ∗Librarian needs to plan for long term

preservation of ETDs. ∗Hope that more libraries will sign

MOU with INFLIBNET and start accepting & Depositing ETDs.

Conclusion Contd…