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Total Maximum Daily Loads for Total Maximum Daily Loads for PCBs in the Trinity RiverPCBs in the Trinity River
Segments 0829, 0806, 0841, & 0805Segments 0829, 0806, 0841, & 0805
August 26, 2008August 26, 2008
Kirk Dean, Ph.D.Parsons
under contract to the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality
IntroductionIntroductionSection 303(d) of the federal Clean Water Act Section 303(d) of the federal Clean Water Act (CWA) requires States to identify water bodies that (CWA) requires States to identify water bodies that do not meet applicable water quality standardsdo not meet applicable water quality standards
Pursuant to the CWA and development of the 303(d) Pursuant to the CWA and development of the 303(d) list, the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality list, the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) is responsible for development of Total (TCEQ) is responsible for development of Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs)Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs)
IntroductionIntroduction
The goal of a TMDL is to determine the amount (or The goal of a TMDL is to determine the amount (or load) of a pollutant that a body of water can receive load) of a pollutant that a body of water can receive and still support its designated usesand still support its designated uses
That allowable load is then allocated among all That allowable load is then allocated among all sources of pollution within the watershedsources of pollution within the watershed
Measures to reduce the pollutant loads are developed Measures to reduce the pollutant loads are developed as necessaryas necessary
Impaired Segments/Assessment UnitsImpaired Segments/Assessment Units
Texas Department of State Health Services (TDSHS) Texas Department of State Health Services (TDSHS) issued Aquatic Life Order 14 (ALissued Aquatic Life Order 14 (AL--14) and Fish 14) and Fish Consumption Advisory 25 (ADVConsumption Advisory 25 (ADV--25) in 2002 due to 25) in 2002 due to ““PCBs in fish tissuePCBs in fish tissue”” for 150 miles of the Trinity for 150 miles of the Trinity RiverRiver
As a result the TCEQ placed four segments (nine As a result the TCEQ placed four segments (nine Assessment Units (AU)) of the Trinity River on the Assessment Units (AU)) of the Trinity River on the CWA 303 (d) list due to impairment of the CWA 303 (d) list due to impairment of the ““fish fish consumptionconsumption”” designated usedesignated use
TMDL Process and Project ScheduleTMDL Process and Project Schedule
Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)
A group of 209 compounds, known as PCB congenersA group of 209 compounds, known as PCB congenersFrom 1 to 10 chlorines on 2 connected benzene ringsFrom 1 to 10 chlorines on 2 connected benzene ringsProperties and toxicity vary, but all poorly soluble in waterProperties and toxicity vary, but all poorly soluble in waterTend to be associated with sediments in aquatic systemsTend to be associated with sediments in aquatic systemsHighly resistant to degradationHighly resistant to degradationResidence times in aquatic systems on the order of decadesResidence times in aquatic systems on the order of decades
Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)
Sold under trade name AroclorSold under trade name AroclorUsed mainly asUsed mainly as
Dielectric fluids in transformersDielectric fluids in transformersHeat transfer fluidsHeat transfer fluidsHeatHeat--resistant hydraulic fluidsresistant hydraulic fluids
Production, distribution and new use banned in Production, distribution and new use banned in 1976 by Toxic Substances Control Act 1976 by Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA)(TSCA)
PCB Conceptual ModelPCB Conceptual Model
Point source effluent
Wet
/dry
de
posit
ion
Wet
/dry
de
posit
ion
Discharges from tributaries
Runoff
Equilibrium partitioning
Discharges
Bottom sedimentsfrom groundwater
Volat
ilizat
ion
BurialResuspension
Dissolved phase
BSAFBSAFBAF Suspended solids
IN
OUT
Phot
odeg
rada
tion
Biodegradation
Point source effluent
Wet
/dry
de
posit
ion
Wet
/dry
de
posit
ion
Discharges from tributaries
Runoff
Equilibrium partitioning
Discharges
Bottom sedimentsfrom groundwater
Volat
ilizat
ion
BurialResuspension
Dissolved phase
BSAFBSAFBAF Suspended solids
IN
OUT
Phot
odeg
rada
tion
Biodegradation
Point source effluent
Wet
/dry
de
posit
ion
Wet
/dry
de
posit
ion
Discharges from tributaries
Runoff
Equilibrium partitioning
Discharges
Bottom sedimentsfrom groundwater
Volat
ilizat
ion
BurialResuspension
Dissolved phase
BSAFBSAFBAF Suspended solids
IN
OUT
Phot
odeg
rada
tion
Biodegradation
PCB Conceptual ModelPCB Conceptual Model
TMDL Development ApproachTMDL Development ApproachMultipleMultiple--box mass balance analytical modelbox mass balance analytical model
Model ImplementationModel ImplementationQuantification of PCBs levels in each segment and Quantification of PCBs levels in each segment and AUAURate of PCBs exchange between segments / Rate of PCBs exchange between segments / AUsAUsExternal PCBs loading to each segment / External PCBs loading to each segment / AUsAUsEstimate of removal mechanismsEstimate of removal mechanisms
Data CollectionData CollectionMarch 2008 March 2008 –– August 2008August 2008
Flow data (USGS)Flow data (USGS)InIn--stream water PCB concentration measurementsstream water PCB concentration measurements
18 measurements at 13 main stem sites18 measurements at 13 main stem sites
Sediment PCB concentration measurements Sediment PCB concentration measurements 77 measurements at 32 main stem and 43 tributary sites77 measurements at 32 main stem and 43 tributary sites
PCB loads from wastewater dischargesPCB loads from wastewater discharges8 measurements at 4 facilities8 measurements at 4 facilities
PCB loads from nonpointPCB loads from nonpoint--source runoffsource runoff9 measurements at 5 sites9 measurements at 5 sites
Fish tissue PCB concentrations (TDSHS)Fish tissue PCB concentrations (TDSHS)130 fish samples at130 fish samples at 12 main stem sites (samples collected 0712 main stem sites (samples collected 07--08/2008)08/2008)
DamOriginal sampling pointTributaryMajor storm water outfallWWTP outfallRiver (dashed line not impaired)Bridge CrossingAdded sampling point
Legend
W. 7th St
Wes
t For
k
Purcey St. outfall Henderson
W. Lancaster
I-30W. Rosedale
S. University
Rogers Rd
from Benbrook Lake Clear Fork (Segment 0829) SchematicClear Fork (Segment 0829) Schematic
DamOriginal sampling pointTributaryMajor storm water outfallWWTP outfallRiver (dashed line not impaired)Bridge CrossingAdded sampling point
Legend
from Lake WorthClea
r For
kN. University Dr.
N. Main St.
Nutt Dam
Dam #3
North Side Dr
Marine Creek
Lebow Creek
I-35
SH 121
E. 4th St
Sycamore Creek
Riverside Dr
Beach St
E. 1st St
Big Fossil Creek
E. Loop 820
Precinct Line Rd
Handley-Ederville Rd
Village Creek
Little Fossil Creek
Unnamed Creek
West Fork (Segment 0806)West Fork (Segment 0806)SchematicSchematic
DamOriginal sampling pointTributaryMajor storm water outfallWWTP outfallRiver (dashed line not impaired)Bridge CrossingAdded sampling point
Legend
Segment0806
SH 360
Roy Orr Blvd Belt Line Rd
Village Creek
Lower West Fork (Segment 0841)Lower West Fork (Segment 0841)SchematicSchematic
VillageCreekWWTP
Walker Branch
GreenbeltRd
Sulphur Branch
Unnamed Creek
Collins St
Unnamed Creek
Johnson Creek
DalworthCreek
MacArthurBlvd
Bear Creek
TRACentralWWTP
MountainCreek
Delaware Creek
W. Loop 12
ElmForkTrinityRiver
Eagle FordSump
DamOriginal sampling pointTributaryMajor storm water outfallWWTP outfallRiver (dashed line not impaired)Bridge CrossingAdded sampling point
Legend
Segment0841
SylvanAve
I-30
Upper Trinity River Upper Trinity River (Segment 0805) (Segment 0805) Schematic A (Upper Part)Schematic A (Upper Part)
InwoodRd
ElmForkTrinityRiver
WestmorelandRd
Hampton Sump
Delta Sump
Baker Sump
PavahoSump
Turtle Creek Pressure Sewer
Singleton BlvdWoodall Rogers Pressure Sewer
CommerceSt
Coombs CreekPressure Sewer
Lake CliffPressureSewer
Houston St
Jefferson St
CharlieSump
Able Sump
I-35
Bellevue PressureSewer
Corinth St
Cedar Creek
Cedar CrestBlvd
DamOriginal sampling pointTributaryMajor storm water outfallWWTP outfallRiver (dashed line not impaired)Bridge CrossingAdded sampling point
Legend
Cedar Crest Blvd
I-45
Dallas CentralWWTP
S. CentralExpwy
WhiteRockCreek
S. Loop 12
Honey SpringsBranch
ElamCreek
FiveMileCreek
I-20
PrairieCreek
DowdyFerryRd
Dallas SouthsideWWTP
S. BeltLine Rd
MalloyBridge
Rd
Ten MileCreek
ParsonsSlough
East ForkTrinity River
Red OakCreek
SH 34
FM 85
End ofSegment
Upper Trinity River Upper Trinity River (Segment 0805) (Segment 0805) Schematic B (Lower Part)Schematic B (Lower Part)
Preliminary Data ResultsPreliminary Data ResultsMarch 2008 March 2008 –– June 2008June 2008
InIn--stream PCB concentration measurementsstream PCB concentration measurements15 measurements at 13 main stem sites15 measurements at 13 main stem sites
Sediment PCB concentration measurements Sediment PCB concentration measurements 37 measurements at 20 main stem and 14 tributary sites37 measurements at 20 main stem and 14 tributary sites
PCB loads from wastewater dischargesPCB loads from wastewater discharges4 measurements at 4 facilities4 measurements at 4 facilities
PCB loads from nonpointPCB loads from nonpoint--source runoffsource runoff6 measurements at 5 sites6 measurements at 5 sites
Individual PCB congeners measured by EPA Method 1668AIndividual PCB congeners measured by EPA Method 1668A-- results presented reflect sum of results presented reflect sum of ““detecteddetected”” congenerscongeners
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150
Project Distance (miles)
Sum
of P
CB
s (n
g/L)
total PCB in waterwater quality criterionsegment boundaries
FM 85*
SH 34
Dowdy Ferry Rd
S. Loop 12*
Nutt Dam (2 samples)
FM 157 (Collins St.)*
Beach St
W. Loop 12
Commerce StWestmoreland
Belt Line Rd
Handley Rd
Purcey St (2 samples)
Segment0806
Segment0841
Segment0805
Seg0829
* additional samples collected but results not yet available
Total PCB Levels in WaterTotal PCB Levels in Water
1
10
100
1,000
-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150
Project Distance (miles)
Sum
of P
CB
s (n
g/g)
FM 85
SH 34
Dowdy Ferry Rd
S. Loop 12
SH 360
Precinct Line Rd
Beach St
W. Loop 12
Handley Rd
Commerce
I-45
Westmoreland
Collins
Belt Line
4th StPurcey
Rosedale
Rogers
Nutt Dam (2 samples)
N. University
PCB Levels in SedimentPCB Levels in Sediment
1
10
100
1,000
-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150
Project Distance (miles)
Sum
of P
CB
s (n
g/g)
2008 data (thisproject)1974-75 data
1980's data
segmentboundaries
FM 85
SH 34
Dowdy Ferry Rd
S. Loop 12
Nutt Dam (2 samples)
SH 360
Precinct Line Rd
Beach St
W. Loop 12
Handley Rd
Commerce
I-45
Westmoreland
Collins
Belt Line
4th StPurcey
Rosedale
Rogers
N. University
PCB Levels in SedimentPCB Levels in Sediment
1
10
100
1,000
-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150
Project Distance (miles)
Sum
of P
CB
s in
Sed
imen
t (ng
/g)
-
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
Sum
of P
CB
s in
Wat
er (n
g/L)
sediment PCB
segment boundaries
water PCB
Water Water vsvs Sediment ComparisonSediment Comparison
1
10
100
1000
0.1 1.0 10.0
Dissolved total PCB (ng/l)
Part
icul
ate
tota
l PC
B (n
g/g)
Ambient SamplesStormwater Samplesregression fit
Clear Fork @ Purcey St
ParticulateParticulate--Dissolved Phase Dissolved Phase Partitioning in WaterPartitioning in Water
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Big Foss
il Cree
kBig
Fossil C
reek
Purcey
St drai
nDall
as Able
sump
Dallas
Ham
pton s
ump
Parson
s Slou
gh
Dallas S
ouths
ide W
WTP
Dallas
Cen
tral W
WTP
TRA Cen
tral W
WTP
FW Village
Cree
k WWTP
Tota
l PC
B (n
g/L)
River Max
River Avg
River Min
Stormwater WWTP Effluent
PCB Sources: PCB Sources: StormwaterStormwater and WWTP Effluentand WWTP Effluent
0.1
1.0
10.0
100.0
Clear F
ork at
Rog
ers Rd
Clear F
ork at
Ros
edale
West F
ork at
Univ
ersity
Marine C
reek
Sycam
ore C
reek
Big Fos
sil Cree
kVilla
ge C
reek
John
son C
reekBea
r Cree
kBea
r Cree
k
Mounta
in Cree
kElm
Fork
White R
ock C
reek
Five M
ile C
reek
Ten Mile
Cree
k
Parson
s Slou
gh
Parson
s Slou
ghEas
t Fork
Red O
ak C
reek
Tota
l PC
B (n
g/g)
PCB Sources: Tributary SedimentPCB Sources: Tributary SedimentNote log scale
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Clear F
ork at
Rog
ers R
d
Clear F
ork at
Ros
edale
West F
ork at
Univ
ersity
Marine C
reek
Sycam
ore C
reek
Big Fossil
Creek
Village
Cree
k
John
son C
reekBea
r Cree
kBea
r Cree
k
Mounta
in Cree
kElm
Fork
White R
ock C
reek
Five M
ile C
reek
Ten Mile
Cree
k
Parson
s Slou
gh
Parson
s Slou
ghEas
t Fork
Red Oak C
reek
Sum
of P
CB
s in
Sed
imen
t (ng
/g)
PCB Sources: Tributary SedimentPCB Sources: Tributary Sediment
Preliminary ObservationsPreliminary Observations
PCB levels in water exceeded water quality criteria in 13 PCB levels in water exceeded water quality criteria in 13 of 15 samples from the Trinity Riverof 15 samples from the Trinity River
PCB levels in PCB levels in stormwaterstormwater from older, densely developed from older, densely developed urban areas are much higher than those inurban areas are much higher than those in--stream, stream, indicating continuing PCB impacts, but low in rural and indicating continuing PCB impacts, but low in rural and suburban areassuburban areas
PCB levels in wastewater effluent were lower than PCB levels in wastewater effluent were lower than ambient levels in the riverambient levels in the river
Preliminary ObservationsPreliminary Observations
Peaks and dips in the spatial distribution of PCB levels in Peaks and dips in the spatial distribution of PCB levels in ambient waters occur downstream of those in sediment, ambient waters occur downstream of those in sediment, perhaps indicating gradual flux of PCBs from sediment to perhaps indicating gradual flux of PCBs from sediment to waterwater
PCB levels in sediment appear to have declined since the PCB levels in sediment appear to have declined since the 1970s and 1980s in Segment 0805 and 0841, but 1970s and 1980s in Segment 0805 and 0841, but perhaps not in Segment 0806perhaps not in Segment 0806
The variability in PCB levels in tributary sediments The variability in PCB levels in tributary sediments indicates continuing local sources in some areasindicates continuing local sources in some areas
TMDL Process and Project ScheduleTMDL Process and Project Schedule
Questions?Questions?
For further questions:For further questions:
Kirk DeanKirk Dean Dania Dania [email protected]@parsons.com [email protected]@tceq.state.tx.us512512--719719--60166016 512512--239239--34493449