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Contour linesA line which connects points of equal elevation.Index Contours: Thick contour lines which have the elevation written on them.
Contour line properties:Contour lines never cross.The closer the lines the steeper the hill.At valleys, contour lines form “V”s which always point up hill.
Benchmarks – Spot ElevationsA benchmark: a mark on a topographic map and the earth which shows elevation to the nearest foot. (BM 377)Spot Elevations: elevations measured at road crossings or tops of hills. (.1127 or X1127)
Latitude and LongitudeLatitude and Longitude are measured in degrees. °1 degree = 60 minutes. 60’1 minute = 60 seconds. 60”Example 44° 30’ 15” N , 92° 15’ 54” W Found in the corners of topo. maps and along the edges.
LatitudeParallel lines which indicate angles North and South of the equator.Equator 0° LatitudeNorth pole 90 ° N LatitudeSouth pole 90 ° S Latitude
LongitudeMeridians measuring angles East or West of the Prime meridian.Prime meridian 0 ° long.International Dateline 180 ° long.