Topik 1 Ecosystems Concept Intro(2)

8/4/2019 Topik 1 Ecosystems Concept Intro(2)

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Introduction & Ecosystem

Concepts


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UNIVERSETotality of everything that exists,including all physical matter and

energy, the planets, stars, galaxies, and

content of intergalactic space


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Universe

Galaxies

super macro Solar system ASTRONOMI

Planets

Earth ------------ SAINS KEBUMIAN

Biosphere

Ecosystem

Community

Macro world Population SAINS HAYATI

Organisms

Organs

Tissues

Micro world Cells

Molecules


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UNIVERSE

COMMUNITY

POPULATION

ORGANISMSOrgansTissuesCells,

Molecules

Penciptaan obyeksbg hasil

manifestasi budaya

BIOSPHERE(Ecosystems)

EARTH:Atmosphere,Lithosphere,hydrosphere

GALAXY,PLANETS,

STARS

AwarenessKnowledgeAttitudeSkillsParticipation

SUSTAINABLEENVIRONMENT

HUMAN(ACTIVITIES)


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BIDANG AS, BUMI, SR:1. Pengantar, galaksi & kosmologi

2. Bintang3. Tatasurya4. Dinamika bumi & Siklus batuan5. Siklus air & siklus atmosfer6. Arts, Crafts, Design and The

Environment7. Understanding the impacts of

lifestyles, behaviors and builtenvironment to the earth

UTS / UA

BIDANG SAINS HAYATI:1. Pengantar & konsep ekosistem

2. Konsep ekosistem , &koneksinya dengan kehidupanmanusia

3. Komunitas, biodiversity danEvolusi

4. Se, molekul dan faktorhereditas

5. Populasi manusia & Isulingkungan

6. Dampak kegiatan manusia thdkualitas lingkungan

7. Masyarakat dan Pembangunanberkelanjutan berwawasan

lingkungan

UTS /UA


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AA

LithosphereHydrosphere

Biosphere:ecosystems

Atmosphere


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the earths life-support system

A system made up of a community of animals,plants and microorganisms interrelated

together with its physical and chemicalenvironment


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Chapter 19

Great Idea:

Ecosystems are ecological systems, interdependent

communities of living things that recycle matter while

energy flows through in a given area, their physical

surroundings (environments).


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ECO-SYSTEM

SYSTEM - ECOLOGY System - interaction (living & non-living)

System - interconnection System - networking System - symbiosis System - nature

Konteks dalam 4 dimensi (ruang & waktu), mencakupinformasi tentang: komponen/struktur penyusun,proses, fungsi, nilai sosio-ekonomi-ekologi (direct &indirect).


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Ecology

Science of Natural living systems

Ecosystems

Biotic and abiotic interaction,interconnection systems

Community

Producers, consumers,decomposers


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Every Ecosystem consists of both living andnonliving parts

Energy flows through ecosystems

Matter is recycled by ecosystems Every organism occupies an ecological niche

Stable ecosystems achieve a balance among

their populations Ecosystems are dynamic, not permanent, but

change over time


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Abiotic

Chemical and physical environment

Biotic

Living organisms Ecological community

All in area interacting each other


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Food Web Interactions of organisms

Trophic Levels

Photosynthetic plants Herbivores

Carnivores

Decomposers

Most energy is lost as heat 10% is transferred


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Most energy in most ecosystems is stored in the bodies of primary producers.Only about 10 percent of the energy at one energy level passes to the nexthighest trophic level.


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Atoms continuously cycle


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Ecological niche

Mode of survival

Each plant/animal fills a niche

Organisms compete for dominance


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Homeostasis

Balance among populations

Resources are limited

Some variation in population sizes Overall relatively constant distribution


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Long Time Scale

Plate tectonics

Short Time Scale

Glaciers Human impact


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Copyright 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin CummingsFig. 54.21


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It is virtually impossible to change on aspect ofa complex system without affecting other partsof the systems, often in as-yet unpredictable

ways. Examples:

Everglades Restoration in Florida

Lake Victoria in Africa


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Lake Victoria Largest freshwater lake in Africa

Introduced species

Nile perch (Ikan duri) Aggressive predator

Algae blooms

Snail populations carry disease

Roasting fish Decimated (Membunuh) forests

Increase in erosion


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Invasive species attacking Lake VictoriaAfrica

These images showwater hyacinthinfestation and control ofsuch invasive species

1995: Image shows severalwater-hyacinth-choked bays(yellow arrows)

2001: A visible reduction ofwater hyacinth on LakeVictoria


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Solid Waste Nothing is ever thrown

away

Landfills Decay slowed

enormously

Response Recycling

Large depositories

% different kind of trash


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Ozone Molecule of 3 oxygen

atoms

Absorbs ultraviolet

radiation The Ozone Layer

Detection Aircraft sampling

Measure spectral lines frommolecule

Stratosphere Highest concentration


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The Ozone Hole Concentration of ozone

reduced Yearly occurrence over

Antarctica Linked to

chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) Breaks apart O3 molecule

Dealing with the Threat tothe Ozone Layer Reduction of CFCs


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Burning introduces chemicals Nitrogen oxides Sulfur compounds Hydrocarbons

Effects Air pollution

Production of bad ozone

Acid rain

Reduction Reduce emissions

Power plants Vehicles


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Greenhouse Effect Traps heat on earth

Global Warming Climate change

3 main points CO2 is a greenhouse

gas

Burning fossil fuels

increases CO2 Average global

temperature hassignificantly increased 1990s warmest decade


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Measurements in 1958 read 316 ppm andincreased to 370 ppm today

Copyright 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Fig. 54.26


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Increased CO2 levels Responsible for temperature increase?

Worlds Oceans

CO2 exchange with atmosphere Current circulation

Solar energy output Varies over time

Impact Warming of Northern Hemisphere Ecological impacts Meteorological impacts

Solutions Kyoto accord


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Understanding shoreline movement allows us to avoid avoid settlement invulnerable locations (SOPAC, 2007).

2004

1984

Source: Dr. Arthur Webb


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Retreat

Accommodation

Protect Soft Hard


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Topik 1 Ecosystems Concept Intro(2)